The Development of the Radial Bow in Children: Normative Values.

Background: Radial bowing is necessary for forearm rotation. Fractures or deformities of the forearm that affect the radial bow may disrupt normal forearm rotation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development and establish normative values for the pediatric and adolescent radial bow.

Referral for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support in Adult Primary Care: An Integrative Review.

Aims: The purpose of this integrative review was to identify effective diabetes self-management education and support for increasing adult primary care referrals, participation rates and improving health outcomes for persons with diabetes.

Design: Integrative review.

Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL was performed by applying the PRISMA guidelines.

Cracking the Code of Calcification: How Presence and Burden among Intracranial Arteries Influence Stroke Incidence and Recurrence.

Background: Intracranial atherosclerosis accounts for about 8% of all strokes in Western societies but the influence of arterial calcification on plaque instability is a topic on ongoing debate.

Purpose: Explore the association between the presence and burden of calcium in atherosclerotic plaques among intracranial arteries with the risk of clinical or silent stroke events through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, studies from PubMed and Embase were analyzed up to May 2024.

Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy: evolving a new standard of care.

Neoadjuvant (presurgical) anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)-based immunotherapy as a new approach to cancer treatment has been developing on an accelerated trajectory since the seminal clinical trial results from studies in lung cancer and melanoma were published in 2018. Groundbreaking regulatory approvals in triple-negative breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma will certainly be followed by additional approvals in other disease indications, as clinical and basic research are burgeoning globally in hundreds of clinical trials across dozens of cancer types. As this field is evolving, it is addressing gaps in our understanding of biological mechanisms underlying PD-1 pathway blockade and their synergy with other antineoplastic drugs, probing mechanisms of response and resistance to neoadjuvant immunotherapy, optimizing efficacious clinical strategies, and analyzing commonalities and differences across cancer types.

Real-world treatment patterns and clinical characteristics in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of the SLE Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS).

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease with heterogeneous treatment patterns largely based on organ involvement and disease severity. The SLE Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS) collected data worldwide over 3 years from patients with moderate-to-severe SLE. We report real-world patterns of medication use in patients enrolled in SPOCS.

Clinical outcomes of patients with unsuccessful mechanical thrombectomy versus best medical management of medium vessel occlusion stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory.

Background: Current randomized controlled trials are investigating the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) stroke. Whether best medical management (MM) is more efficient than unsuccessful vessel recanalization during MT remains unknown.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from 37 academic centers across North America, Asia, and Europe between September 2017 and July 2021.

US children from non-English-speaking households are less likely to undergo vision testing.

Purpose: To investigate the association between primary household language and vision testing among children living in the United States from 2016 to 2020.

Methods: This analysis used data for children aged 3-17 years from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), combining survey responses from 2016 to 2020. Primary household language and whether vision testing occurred were determined by survey responses.

Industrial air emissions and breast cancer incidence in a United States-wide prospective cohort.

Background: We evaluated air emissions of industrial compounds, many of which have carcinogenic or endocrine disrupting properties, in relation to breast cancer incidence.

Methods: Using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory, we quantified air emissions of 28 compounds near Sister Study participants' residences during the 10 years leading up to study enrollment (2003-2006; n=46,150). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of residential emission levels of single pollutants with incident breast cancer.

Metabolic dependency mapping identifies Peroxiredoxin 1 as a driver of resistance to ATM inhibition.

Metabolic pathways fuel tumor progression and resistance to stress conditions including chemotherapeutic drugs, such as DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors. Yet, significant gaps persist in how metabolic pathways confer resistance to DDR inhibition in cancer cells. Here, we employed a metabolism-focused CRISPR knockout screen and identified genetic vulnerabilities to DDR inhibitors.

One hundred thirty-four germ line PU.1 variants and the agammaglobulinemic patients carrying them.

Leukopoiesis is lethally arrested in mice lacking the master transcriptional regulator PU.1. Depending on the animal model, subtotal PU.

Roles of Cellular Neighborhoods in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis.

The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves an intricate interplay among various cell types within the liver. Unraveling the orchestration of these cells, particularly in the context of various etiologies, may hold the key to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of this complex disease. The advancement of single-cell and spatial technologies has revolutionized our ability to determine cellular neighborhoods and understand their crucial roles in disease pathogenesis.

Abnormal Esophageal Scintigraphy Associates With a Distinct Clinical Phenotype in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: In systemic sclerosis (SSc), absent contractility (AC) rather than ineffective esophageal motility on manometry is associated with a severe esophageal and extraintestinal phenotype. We sought to determine whether slow esophageal transit on scintigraphy associates with a comparable clinical phenotype to that of AC on manometry, as scintigraphy may serve as a noninvasive approach to risk-stratify patients with SSc.

Methods: Clinical, demographic, and serologic features were compared between patients with and without delayed esophageal transit on scintigraphy.

Biofield Therapies Clinical Research Landscape: A Scoping Review and Interactive Evidence Map.

Biofield Therapies, with a historical lineage spanning millennia and continuing relevance in contemporary practices, have been used to address various health conditions and promote wellbeing. The scientific study and adoption of these therapies have been hindered by cultural challenges and institutional barriers. In addition, the current research landscape for Biofield Therapies is insufficiently documented.

Deciphering the Neural Effects of Emotional, Motivational, and Cognitive Challenges on Inhibitory Control Processes.

Converging lines of research indicate that inhibitory control is likely to be compromised in contexts that place competing demands on emotional, motivational, and cognitive systems, potentially leading to damaging impulsive behavior. The objective of this study was to identify the neural impact of three challenging contexts that typically compromise self-regulation and weaken impulse control. Participants included 66 healthy adults (M/SD = 29.

Association of Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy with Health Outcomes in Mothers and Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Immunization rates of maternal influenza vaccination during pregnancy remain suboptimal, with concerns about potential harm to the mothers and their offspring. We conducted a population-based cohort study, using mother-child linked database in Korea: (a) maternal cohort between December 2019, and March 2022; (b) neonatal cohort between September 2020, and June 2021. Exposure was defined as influenza vaccination during pregnancy.

Factoring fu Variability Into Estimates of Unbound Drug Concentrations Negatively Biases the MIC Versus % Probability of Target Attainment Relationship of Antimicrobial Agents.

The clinical breakpoint for a drug-pathogen combination reflects the drug susceptibility of the pathogen wild-type population, the location of the infection, the integrity of the host immune response, and the drug-pathogen pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship. That PK/PD relationship, along with the population variability in drug exposure, is used to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) of the PK/PD index at a specified minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a selected target value. The PTA is used to identify the pharmacodynamic cutoff value (CO), which is one of the three components used to establish the clinical breakpoint.

Disco-Interacting Protein 2 Homolog B CGG Repeat Expansion in Siblings with Neurodevelopmental Disability and Progressive Movement Disorder.

Background: Trinucleotide repeat expansions are an emerging class of genetic variants associated with various movement disorders. Unbiased genome-wide analyses can reveal novel genotype-phenotype associations and provide a diagnosis for patients and families.

Objective: The aim was to identify the genetic cause of a severe progressive movement disorder phenotype in 2 affected brothers.

Evaluating Meta-Learners to Analyze Treatment Heterogeneity in Survival Data: Application to Electronic Health Records of Pediatric Asthma Care in COVID-19 Pandemic.

An important aspect of precision medicine focuses on characterizing diverse responses to treatment due to unique patient characteristics, also known as heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) or individualized treatment effects (ITE), and identifying beneficial subgroups with enhanced treatment effects. Estimating HTE with right-censored data in observational studies remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a pseudo-ITE-based framework for analyzing HTE in survival data, which includes a group of meta-learners for estimating HTE, a variable importance metric for identifying predictive variables to HTE, and a data-adaptive procedure to select subgroups with enhanced treatment effects.

Predictive strength of inflammatory scores for in-hospital mortality in infective endocarditis.

Background: Inflammatory markers have been proposed as prognostic tools for predicting in-hospital mortality in infective endocarditis (IE). Nonetheless, it is unclear whether these markers provide additional prognostic value over established indicators. This study compared nine different inflammation scores to assess their effectiveness in enhancing the prediction of in-hospital mortality.

Absolute quantification of amine metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid via MS1-centric isotopic N,N-dimethyl leucine (iDiLeu) labeling.

Quantitative measurement of metabolites is essential to understand biological and disease processes. Absolute quantification by spiking heavy isotope-labeled internal standards and analyzing on mass spectrometry (MS) platform is a key method to determine the concentration of metabolites in biological samples. However, MS-based absolute quantification is often challenged by the commercial availability and high costs of isotope-labeled internal standards.