Inflammation and cognitive performance in elite athletes: A cross-sectional study.

Functional cognition is relevant for athletic success and interdependent with physical exercise, yet despite repeatedly demonstrated inflammatory responses to physical training, there are no studies addressing the relationship between cognition and inflammation in athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and selected inflammatory, and further physiological biomarkers in elite athletes. Data from 350 elite athletes regarding cognitive performance (processing speed, selective attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility), systemic inflammatory markers, metabolic hormones, growth factors, tissue damage markers, and micronutrients (e.

Warming and cooling catalyse widespread temporal turnover in biodiversity.

Turnover in species composition through time is a dominant form of biodiversity change, which has profound effects on the functioning of ecological communities. Turnover rates differ markedly among communities, but the drivers of this variation across taxa and realms remain unknown. Here we analyse 42,225 time series of species composition from marine, terrestrial and freshwater assemblages, and show that temporal rates of turnover were consistently faster in locations that experienced faster temperature change, including both warming and cooling.

Optimising medium chain carboxylate production in xylan mixed-culture monofermentation.

This work investigates the optimization of medium-chain carboxylate (MCC) production through xylan mixed-culture monofermentation. The pH screening in batch assays showed that the hydrolysis stage and selectivity towards MCC precursors were optimised at pH 6. Subsequently, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) were operated at different Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT), revealing that the SBR at HRT 2 days yielded the highest caproic acid since lactic acid availability and chain elongation process were balanced.

The atypical proteome of mitochondria from mature pollen grains.

To propagate their genetic material, flowering plants rely on the production of large amounts of pollen grains that are capable of germinating on a compatible stigma. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth are thought to be extremely energy-demanding processes. This raises the question of whether mitochondria from pollen grains are specifically tuned to support this developmental process.

Factors influencing role preferences in decision-making of healthy women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants: subanalysis from a randomised controlled decision coaching trial.

Background: Patients who actively engage in their medical decision-making processes can experience better health outcomes. This exploratory study aimed to identify predictors of preferred and actual roles in decision-making in healthy women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs).

Methods: Women with BRCA1/2 PVs without a history of breast and/or ovarian cancer were recruited in six centres across Germany.

Dental and oral health assessments in the German National Cohort (NAKO).

Background: Despite considerable improvements in oral health in recent decades, caries and periodontitis are still widespread, ranking among the most prevalent diseases worldwide and requiring future research. The German National Cohort (NAKO Gesundheitsstudie, NAKO) is a large-scaled, multidisciplinary, nationwide, multi-centre, population-based, prospective cohort study with oral examinations that aims to provide a resource to study risk factors for major diseases. The aim of the present article is to provide the methodological background, to report on the data quality, and to present initial results of the oral examinations.

Segment specific loss of NFAT5 function in the kidneys is sufficient to induce a global kidney injury like phenotype.

Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) is a transcription factor known for its role in osmotic stress adaptation in the renal inner medulla, due to the osmotic gradient that is generated between the renal cortex and renal inner medulla. However, its broader implications in kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are less understood. Here we used two different Cre deleter mice (Ksp1.

Impact of stabilizers on particle size and dispersion behavior in biorelevant media in solid nanocrystal formulations.

Nanocrystalline formulations typically contain stabilizing additives to minimize the risk of particle growth or agglomeration. This risk is particularly relevant when the nanosuspension is converted into a solid drug product as the original state of the nanosuspension should be restored upon redispersion of the drug product in vivo. In this work, the behavior of different nonionic and anionic surfactants in solid nanocrystalline formulations and their effects on redispersibility under biorelevant conditions were investigated.

Acute respiratory tract infections during the first six years of life - results from the German birth cohort study LoewenKIDS.

Objectives: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) often occur in early childhood and are mostly self-limited. However, they impose a high socioeconomic burden and can be associated with chronic diseases later in life. To date, data on self-reported ARI beyond infancy are limited.

A high-throughput, microplate reader-based method to monitor in vitro HIV latency reversal in the absence of flow cytometry.

J-Lat cells are derivatives of the Jurkat CD4 T cell line that contain a non-infectious, inducible HIV provirus with a GFP tag. While these cells have substantially advanced our understanding of HIV latency, their use by many laboratories in low and middle-income countries is restricted by limited access to flow cytometry. To overcome this barrier, we describe a modified J-Lat assay using a standard microplate reader that detects HIV-GFP expression following treatment with latency-reversing agents (LRAs).

Screening of 14 Lactic Acid Bacteria for Fermentative Isomalto/Malto-Polysaccharide Synthesis.

Some lactic acid bacteria such as or contain genes encoding 4,6-α-glucanotransferases. These enzymes convert starch and maltodextrins into isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs). Many studies focused on the properties of recombinant glucanotransferases, but limited knowledge is available on fermentative synthesis.

Redox Status-Selective Imaging of Iron in Vegetative and Pathogenic Fungal Cells Using Fluorescent Dyes Synthesized Via Simple Chemical Reactions.

Iron plays a prominent role in various biological processes and is an essential element in almost all organisms, including plant-pathogenic fungi. As a transition element, iron occurs in two redox states, Fe and Fe, the transition between which generates distinct reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as HO, OH anions, and toxic OH· radicals. Thus, the redox status of Fe determines ROS formation in pathogen attack and plant defense and governs the outcome of pathogenic interactions.

Peripheral neuropathy: from guidelines to clinical practise.

Purpose Of Review: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a substantial adverse effect of anticancer therapy. No effective preventive strategies are established in clinical routine, although some forms of cryotherapy or compression therapy seem to be promising. CIPN is difficult to grade objectively and has mostly relied on a clinician- or patient-based rating that is subjective and not easily reproducible.

How FocA facilitates fermentation and respiration of formate by .

Formic acid is an important source of reductant and energy for many microorganisms. Formate is also produced as a fermentation product, e.g.

Oral supplementation with propionate is reflected in the serum of healthy individuals.

Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including propionic acid (PA), are key in immunological research. Supplementing PA has shown benefits for autoimmune diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the PA pharmacokinetics is essential for the optimal design and execution of studies utilizing orally administered PA.

Limited reactivity of pyroxene and plagioclase in batch experiments with supercritical CO in the presence of NaCl and NaHCO in the context of CO sequestration via carbonation.

One-step high-pressure and high-temperature direct aqueous mineral carbonation of tailings derived from mining of Platinum Group Metals in South Africa requires a fundamental understanding of the reactivity of the most dominant mineral phases, i.e. pyroxene and plagioclase (66 wt.

T14diLys/DOPE Liposomes: An Innovative Option for siRNA-Based Gene Knockdown?

Background/objectives: Bringing small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the cell cytosol to achieve specific gene silencing is an attractive but also very challenging option for improved therapies. The first step for successful siRNA delivery is the complexation with a permanent cationic or ionizable compound. This protects the negatively charged siRNA and enables transfection through the cell membrane.

The Protective Effect of Nimodipine in Schwann Cells Is Related to the Upregulation of LMO4 and SERCA3 Accompanied by the Fine-Tuning of Intracellular Calcium Levels.

Nimodipine is the current gold standard in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage, as it is the only known calcium channel blocker that has been proven to improve neurological outcomes. In addition, nimodipine exhibits neuroprotective properties in vitro under various stress conditions. Furthermore, clinical studies have demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of nimodipine after vestibular schwannoma surgery.

Glucagon Can Increase Force of Contraction via Glucagon Receptors in the Isolated Human Atrium.

Glucagon can increase the force of contraction (FOC) in, for example, canine hearts. Currently, whether glucagon can also increase the FOC via cAMP-increasing receptors in the human atrium is controversial discussed. Glucagon alone did not (up to 1 µM) raise the FOC in human right atrial preparations (HAP).

Responsivity of Two Pea Genotypes to the Symbiosis with Rhizobia and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi-A Proteomics Aspect of the "Efficiency of Interactions with Beneficial Soil Microorganisms" Trait.

It is well known that individual pea ( L.) cultivars differ in their symbiotic responsivity. This trait is typically manifested with an increase in seed weights, due to inoculation with rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Diurnal timing of physical activity in relation to obesity and diabetes in the German National Cohort (NAKO).

Background: Physical activity supports weight regulation and metabolic health, but its timing in relation to obesity and diabetes remains unclear. We aimed to assess the diurnal timing of physical activity and its association with obesity and diabetes.

Methods: We cross-sectionally analyzed hip-worn accelerometry data from 61,116 participants aged 20-75 in the German National Cohort between 2015 and 2019.

Half a Century of Temperate Non-Forest Vegetation Changes: No Net Loss in Species Richness, but Considerable Shifts in Taxonomic and Functional Composition.

In recent decades, global change and local anthropogenic pressures have severely affected natural ecosystems and their biodiversity. Although disentangling the effects of these factors is difficult, they are reflected in changes in the functional composition of plant communities. We present a comprehensive, large-scale analysis of long-term changes in plant communities of various non-forest habitat types in the Czech Republic based on 1154 vegetation-plot time series from 53 resurvey studies comprising 3909 vegetation-plot records.

Vitrimeric electrolytes - overview and perspectives.

Lithium batteries, essential for consumer electronics, transportation and the energy sector, still require further improvement in performance, safety, and sustainability. Traditonal organic solvent-based electrolytes, widely used in current systems, pose significant safety risks and restrict the development of next generation devices. Vitrimers are materials with unique physical and chemical properties, which offer a promising alternative to overcome these limitations, finally reaching processability and recyclability of solid electrolytes.

Post-Glacial Vegetation Trajectories on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau Reflect Millennial-Scale Migration Lags in Complex Mountain Terrain Based on Sedimentary Ancient DNA and Dynamic Dispersal Modeling.

Mountains with complex terrain and steep environmental gradients are biodiversity hotspots such as the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, it is generally assumed that mountain terrain plays a secondary role in plant species assembly on a millennial time-scale compared to climate change. Here, we investigate plant richness and community changes during the last 18,000 years at two sites: Lake Naleng and Lake Ximen on the eastern TP with similar elevation and climatic conditions but contrasting terrain.