Yes, polygenic sex determination is a thing!

The process of sexual development in animals is modulated by a variety of mechanisms. Some species respond to environmental cues, while, in others, sex determination is thought to be controlled by a single 'master regulator' gene. However, many animals respond to a combination of environmental cues (e.

Cultural and Social Aspects of Anxiety Disorders.

Understanding the cultural and social aspects of anxiety disorders is necessary to ensure the design and implementation of effective, evidence-based methods for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment among diverse populations, particularly those who are minoritized, marginalized, and traditionally underserved. This article describes variations in anxiety disorder prevalence and the association between sociocultural characteristics and stressors known to increase risk for anxiety. The ways sociocultural context impacts anxiety phenomenology and expression is explored.

Coping difficulties after inpatient hospital treatment: validity and reliability of the German version of the post-discharge coping difficulty scale.

Background: Patients transitioning between different care contexts are at increased risk of experiencing adverse events. In particular, being discharged to home after inpatient treatment involves significant risks. However, there is a lack of valid and internationally comparable assessment tools on patients' experiences of difficulties following hospital discharge.

Mechanical Characterization of Non-degraded Porcine Annulus Fibrosus Material Properties.

Purpose: Porcine cervical spines are commonly used as a surrogate for human lumbar spines due to their similar anatomic and mechanical characteristics. Despite their use in spinal biomechanics research, porcine annulus fibrosus (AF) yield and ultimate properties have not been fully evaluated. This study sought to provide a novel dataset of elastic, yield, and ultimate properties of the porcine AF loaded in the circumferential direction.

Update on novel validly published and included bacterial taxa derived from human clinical specimens and taxonomic revisions published in 2023.

Taxonomy is a systematic practice in which microorganisms are granted names to facilitate and standardize multi-disciplinary communication. We summarize novel bacterial taxa derived from human clinical material that were published in peer-reviewed literature and/or included by the during calendar year 2023, as well as taxonomic revisions that have been published/included by the same entity. While the majority of newly discovered facultative and anaerobic organisms were derived from microbiome surveillance, noteworthy novel taxa in the realm of pathogenicity potential include those related to spp.

Periodontal diseases in Africa.

Periodontal diseases, a group of complex conditions marked by an excessive immune response and periodontal tissue destruction, are a global health concern. Since 1990, the incidence of these diseases has doubled, with Western sub-Saharan Africa experiencing the highest burden. Accurate diagnosis and case identification are crucial for understanding the etiology, features of disease, research, treatment and prevention.

Detection of dental restorations using no-code artificial intelligence.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to utilize a no-code computer vision platform to develop, train, and evaluate a model specifically designed for segmenting dental restorations on panoramic radiographs.

Methods: One hundred anonymized panoramic radiographs were selected for this study. Accurate labeling of dental restorations was performed by calibrated dental faculty and students, with subsequent final review by an oral radiologist.

Urea-Loaded PLGA Microspheres as Chemotaxis Stimulants for Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori cells undergo chemotaxis toward several small molecules, called chemo-attractants, including urea produced by the epithelial cells of the stomach. The biophysical mechanisms of chemotaxis are not well understood in H. pylori.

Chronic activation of corticospinal tract neurons after pyramidotomy injury enhances neither behavioral recovery nor axonal sprouting.

Modulation of neural activity is a promising strategy to influence the growth of axons and improve behavioral recovery after damage to the central nervous system. The benefits of neuromodulation likely depend on optimization across multiple input parameters. Here we used a chemogenetic approach to achieve continuous, long-term elevation of neural activity in murine corticospinal tract (CST) neurons.

Essentials of genomics in nursing undergraduate education: A discussion paper.

Aim: To map the 2021 American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials to the American Nurses Association Essentials of Genomic Nursing for all nurses and provide resources for nursing faculty to support the seamless integration of genomics into existing undergraduate curricula.

Background: Since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, rapid advancements in genomic science leading to practical applications of genomics have revolutionized all areas of healthcare. Nursing is built on foundational life sciences, including genomics.

Sex Work Patterns Among Transgender and Gender Diverse People: A Latent Class Analysis.

Sex work is a diverse profession encompassing a broad range of people, and services. Though overrepresented in sex work communities, transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals are underrepresented in sex work literature. Further, sex work literature continues to underrepresent the heterogeneity evident in the sex work community and the practices that occur within it.

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This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of plasma ion implantation nitriding on titanium's surface properties and initial cell response. Grade 4 titanium discs (12.7 × 2 mm) were blasted with aluminum oxide particles to create moderately rough surfaces.

Dr. Audrey Holland's Crazy Patchwork Quilt: A Thematic Analysis.

Dr. Audrey Holland was a friend to people with aphasia and related disorders, care partners, community advocates, students, clinicians, educators, researchers, and more. Her profound impact extended across these diverse communities within aphasiology and speech-language pathology.

Mixed quantum/classical theory for rotationally inelastic scattering of identical collision partners revised.

Mixed quantum/classical theory (MQCT) for the treatment of rotationally inelastic transitions during collisions of two identical molecules, described either as indistinguishable or distinguishable partners, is reviewed. The treatment of two molecules as indistinguishable includes symmetrization of rotational wavefunctions, introduces exchange parity, and leads to state-to-state transition matrix elements different from those in the straightforward treatment of molecules as distinguishable. Moreover, the treatment of collision partners as indistinguishable is eight times faster.

Lumbar Spine Orientation Affects Compressive Fracture Outcome.

Purpose: Understanding how spinal orientation affects injury outcome is essential to understand lumbar injury biomechanics associated with high-rate vertical loading.

Methods: Whole-column human lumbar spines (T12-L5) were dynamically loaded using a drop tower to simulate peak axial forces associated with high-speed aircraft ejections and helicopter crashes. Spines were allowed to maintain natural lordotic curvature for loading, resulting in a range of orientations.

Catalytic and post-translational maturation roles of a conserved active site serine residue in nitrile hydratases.

A highly conserved second-sphere active site αSer residue in nitrile hydratase (NHase), that forms a hydrogen bond with the axial metal-bound water molecule, was mutated to Ala, Asp, and Thr, in the Co-type NHase from Pseudonocardia thermophila JCM 3095 (PtNHase) and to Ala and Thr in the Fe-type NHase from Rhodococcus equi TG328-2 (ReNHase). All five mutants were successfully purified; metal analysis via ICP-AES indicated that all three Co-type PtNHase mutants were in their apo-form while the Fe-type αSer117Ala and αSer117Thr mutants contained 85 and 50 % of their active site Fe(III) ions, respectively. The k values obtained for the PtNHase mutant enzymes were between 0.

An update on novel taxa and revised taxonomic status of bacteria isolated from aquatic host species described in 2022-2023.

The description of new taxa and nomenclature updates to currently known taxa from aquatic animal species continues. After a review of the literature from 2022 and 2023, multiple lists of bacteria, including members of Phylum , were compiled. As with the previous review, most bacteria are oxidase-positive Gram-negative bacilli with familiar families including new taxa in , , .

Rapid estimation of left ventricular contractility with a physics-informed neural network inverse modeling approach.

Physics-based computer models based on numerical solutions of the governing equations generally cannot make rapid predictions, which in turn limits their applications in the clinic. To address this issue, we developed a physics-informed neural network (PINN) model that encodes the physics of a closed-loop blood circulation system embedding a left ventricle (LV). The PINN model is trained to satisfy a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) associated with a lumped parameter description of the circulatory system.

Equitable community-based participatory research engagement with communities of color drives All of Us Wisconsin genomic research priorities.

Objective: The NIH All of Us Research Program aims to advance personalized medicine by not only linking patient records, surveys, and genomic data but also engaging with participants, particularly from groups traditionally underrepresented in biomedical research (UBR). This study details how the dialogue between scientists and community members, including many from communities of color, shaped local research priorities.

Materials And Methods: We recruited area quantitative, basic, and clinical scientists as well as community members from our Community and Participant Advisory Boards with a predetermined interest in All of Us research as members of a Special Interest Group (SIG).

Black women and the preemie prep for parents (P3) program: Exploratory analysis of a clinical trial.

•Black women receiving the smartphone P3 program had more preterm birth knowledge.•Black women receiving the P3 program were more prepared for healthcare decisions.•Black women receiving the P3 program talked more with partners about preterm birth.

Bayesian merged utilization of GRAPPA and SENSE (BMUGS) for in-plane accelerated reconstruction increases fMRI detection power.

In fMRI, capturing brain activity during a task is dependent on how quickly the k-space arrays for each volume image are obtained. Acquiring the full k-space arrays can take a considerable amount of time. Under-sampling k-space reduces the acquisition time, but results in aliased, or "folded," images after applying the inverse Fourier transform (IFT).