12 Tips for Including Disability Awareness within Undergraduate Medical Education Curricula.

Disability is extremely common, and there is a need for high quality medical school curricula on working with persons with disabilities. The goal of disability training is to provide the proper knowledge and skills to address the unique needs of PWD, mitigate health disparities, and help shape more compassionate and informed physicians. This article presents 12 tips to incorporate disability training into undergraduate medical education.

A review of virtual reality in radiology.

Virtual reality (VR) is not new to the field of medicine or radiology but has grown exponentially in recent years. Exploration of VR in medicine to augment educational experiences and aid in procedural training began in the 1990s. Surgeons have benefited from VR, both for training and planning purposes.

Classifying, recognizing, and troubleshooting errors in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided breast biopsies.

MRI-guided biopsies can generate challenging scenarios. Errors can occur for many reasons, both preprocedural and intraprocedural. Radiology errors have been studied for many years, originally classified by Renfrew in 1992 and revised in 2014 by Kim and Mansfield.

The Impact of Peer-Led Learning Groups on First-Year Medical Students.

Active learning and peer instruction contribute to positive learning outcomes. We developed a 25-week, question-based program for first-year medical students (MS1). Senior students developed weekly question and answer sets.

Temporal Trends in Thyroid Nodule Size on Ultrasonography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: In recent years, concern has grown around the overdetection of thyroid cancer. Changes to thyroid nodule risk stratification systems and guidelines were made to improve diagnostic yield. It is not known how these advancements have affected the size of thyroid nodules reported on ultrasonography over time.

Factors predictive of severe thrombocytopenia and its impact on poor outcomes in Latin American patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from a multiethnic Latin American cohort.

Objective: To examine the predictors of the occurrence of severe thrombocytopenia and its impact on damage accrual and mortality in SLE patients.

Methods: Factors associated with time to severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count ≤20,000/mm) occurring from the onset of SLE symptoms were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regressions. The association of severe thrombocytopenia with mortality was evaluated by logistic regression analyses while its impact on damage was by negative binomial regression.

Beyond the Guidelines: Perspectives on Management of Pediatric Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia.

Purpose Of Review: To provide a comprehensive overview of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in youth, identifying gaps in categorizing triglyceride (TG) levels and management strategies, and exploring new therapies for TG reduction.

Recent Findings: Non-fasting TG levels as important cardiovascular (CV) risk indicators, with HTG's pathophysiology involving genetic and secondary factors affecting TG metabolism. Emerging treatments, including those affecting the lipoprotein lipase complex and inhibiting proteins like apoC3 and ANGPTL3, show promise.

Breast cylindroma: A rare and unexpected diagnosis.

Cylindroma is a benign adnexal tumor histologically characterized by clusters of small basaloid cells arranged in a pattern resembling a jigsaw puzzle. Breast cylindromas are extremely rare with approximately 20 reported cases throughout literature. We present a case of a 71-year-old female with a slow growing cystic breast mass, originally identified 8 years prior to biopsy.

Evaluating and identifying changes in the rate of unplanned discharge among Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities providing substance use disorder residential care.

Introduction: Quality improvement (QI) methods play a critical role in ensuring that patients receive high-quality and timely care. Healthcare systems should use valid and reliable measures to inform QI efforts. Mental health settings including substance use disorder (SUD) residential programs have been slow to develop and incorporate quality measurement into routine practice.

CNS and Thorax Injury and Associated Risks Factors in Equestrian Sports.

Context: Equestrian sports continue to gain popularity in the United States and are associated with a high injury rate, especially involving the central nervous system and thorax. Due to this high rate of injury and the potential for long-term consequences associated with participation, an understanding of the unique risks of this sport is needed.

Objective: To describe severe injury in equestrian sports and review the role that protective gear plays in injury mitigation.

Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights Into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes.

The gut microbiota (GM), comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review delves into the intricate roles and mechanisms of the GM in these conditions, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota. The review elucidates the diversity and development of the human GM, highlighting its pivotal functions in host physiology, including nutrient absorption, immune regulation, and energy metabolism.

A More Selective vs a Standard Risk-Stratified, Heparin-Based, Obstetric Thromboprophylaxis Protocol.

Importance: In 2016, our institution adopted a pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis protocol based on American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines that recommended postpartum heparin-based chemoprophylaxis (enoxaparin) based on a risk-stratified algorithm. In response to increased wound hematomas without significant reduction in VTE using this protocol, a more selective risk-stratified approach was adopted in 2021.

Objective: To evaluate outcomes of the more selective risk-stratified approach to heparin-based obstetric thromboprophylaxis (enoxaparin) protocol.

Integration of Disability Awareness Improves Medical Students' Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities.

Unlabelled: Persons with disabilities (PWD) often require special accommodations and more comprehensive healthcare yet frequently have encounters with physicians who are unprepared to provide tailored and complete care. A multipronged disability awareness curriculum for second-year medical students was implemented, including content on disability etiquette, patient-centered and interprofessional learning sessions for individuals with physical disabilities and intellectual and developmental disabilities, and a debriefing session with physiatrists. The objective of this study was to utilize a mixed methods approach to evaluate the disability awareness curriculum in undergraduate medical education (UME).

Predicting the presence of 4th ventricular outlet obstruction in Chiari I Malformation.

Introduction: A subset of children with Chiari 1 malformation (CM-1) have a 4th ventricle arachnoid veil-a thin membrane covering the outlet of the 4th ventricle. Studies suggest that failure to disrupt this veil during posterior fossa decompression can reduce the likelihood of syringomyelia resolution. However, there is no reliable method for predicting the presence of the veil without direct surgical exploration.

Autism risk gene alters neuronal morphology via caspase-3 activity in mouse hippocampal neurons.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in which children display differences in social interaction/communication and repetitive stereotyped behaviors along with variable associated features. , a gene linked to ASD, encodes CUL3 (CULLIN-3), a protein that serves as a key component of a ubiquitin ligase complex with unclear function in neurons. homozygous deletion in mice is embryonic lethal; thus, we examine the role of deletion in early synapse development and neuronal morphology in hippocampal primary neuronal cultures.

Evaluation of multidisciplinary high-risk pregnancy clinic for myelomeningocele.

Introduction: A cross-sectional study retrospectively evaluating the perceived usefulness of attending a multi-disciplinary, roundtable, educational prenatal clinic for mothers expecting children with myelomeningocele is presented.

Methods: Mothers who currently have children with SB completed a survey which evaluated their overall preparedness, spina bifida education, delivery plans, surgical expectations, and expectations in terms of quality of life and development. Open comments were also collected.

Polyester Nanoparticles with Controlled Topography for Peroral Drug Delivery Using Insulin as a Model Protein.

Receptor-mediated polyester drug delivery systems have tremendous potential for improving the clinical performance of existing pharmaceutical drugs. Despite significant progress made in this area, it remains unclear how and to what extent the polyester nanoparticle surface topography would affect the , and performance of a drug, and if there exists a correlation between and , as well as healthy versus pathophysiological states. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of the interactions between ligands and receptors as a function of the linker length, two-carbon (2C) versus four-carbon (4C).

Effectiveness of methotrexate and leflunomide as corticoid-sparing drugs in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica.

Objectives: The need for glucocorticoid-sparing drugs (GCSD) remains an important issue and is an unmet need in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). We therefore aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of methotrexate (MTX) and of leflunomide (LEF) in daily clinical practice in PMR patients from Argentina.

Methods: A multicentre and observational study (medical records review) of PMR patients seen between 2007 and 2023, who had at least three months of follow-up after starting a GCSD, either MTX or LEF, was performed.

Racial Disparities in Breastfeeding Rates in Patients with Heart Disease.

Objective: To evaluate racial disparities in breastfeeding rates in patients with heart disease.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort of pregnant patients with maternal cardiac disease managed by a Cardio-Obstetrics program. Patients self-identifying as Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW), who attended ≥ 1 prenatal visit at the Cardio-Obstetrics Program and delivered at the same hospital between March 2015 and June 2019 were included.

Evaluating Urology Program Directors' Perception on Resident Application Parameters Following the Transition of USMLE Step 1 to Pass/Fail.

Objective: To investigate how the shift of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 to a Pass/Fail (P/F) scoring system impacts the perceptions of Urology Program Directors (PDs) on evaluating urology residency applicants.

Methods And Materials: A cross-sectional survey was sent to 117 PDs, including questions about program characteristics, perceptions of shelf scores and medical school rank post-transition, beliefs about the predictive value of Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) scores for board success and residency performance, and changes in applicant parameter ranking.

Results: Forty-five PDs (38% response rate) participated.

Altered lipid metabolism and the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.

Purpose Of Review: An increasing amount of research has underscored the significant role of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This comprehensive review examines the intricate relationship between lipoprotein abnormalities and the development of MAFLD.

Recent Findings: Atherogenic dyslipidemia seen in insulin resistance states play a significant role in initiating and exacerbating hepatic lipid accumulation.

Metastatic Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Important Consideration in the Differential Diagnosis of Malignant Basaloid Neoplasms in the Skin: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Malignant basaloid neoplasms of the skin are frequent, and their accurate diagnosis holds paramount importance for treatment and prognosis. However, these neoplasms can present diagnostic challenges because of their extensive differential diagnosis, which encompasses cutaneous metastasis among many other possibilities. We present a case of a 74-year-old man with a history of p16-positive palatine tonsil squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation with no prior evidence of recurrence who presented to the dermatologist with 2 chin papules.