Effect of carbon dioxide versus room air insufflation on post-colonoscopic pain: A prospective, randomized, controlled study.

Background/aims: Room air (RA) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are widely used to insufflate the colon to examine the mucosa in colonoscopy. Pain, discomfort, and bloating can be seen during and after colonoscopy secondary to bowel distention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CO2 on post-procedure pain sensation (PPPS) in comparison with RA.

The clinical and histological characteristics of patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the absence of insulin resistance.

Background And Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR). While a minority of patients with NAFLD does not have evidence of IR, no detailed characterization of this specific phenotype is currently available. This study was undertaken to investigate the clinical and histological characteristics of this patient group.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A growing public health problem in Turkey.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is histologically classified as either non-alcoholic fatty liver or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is the progressive subtype of NAFLD. Individuals with NASH are at significant risk of developing hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related and all-cause mortality.

Diet, microbiota, and colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world causing nearly 500,000 deaths every year. In addition to genetic background, environmental factors including diet and lifestyle are accepted as major contributors to adenoma and CRC development. Lifestyle factors include high BMI, obesity, and reduced physical activity.

Effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue, lanreotide, on bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in rats.

Background/aims: Somatostatin receptors have been shown on hepatic stellate cells, and somatostatin infusion has been shown to inhibit hepatic stellate cells activation. We aimed to test the effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue, lanreotide, on bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in rats.

Methods: Thirty-seven Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group 1, bile duct ligation+lanreotide; Group 2, bile duct ligation; Group 3, sham+lanreotide; Group 4, sham; and Group 5, control group.

Is HCV genotyping cost-effective even when the prevalences of genotypes 2 and 3 are low?

Background/aims: The management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is costly. Genotyping determines the indication, probability of response, and duration of treatment and the dose of ribavirin. Although genotyping is accepted cost-effective, the cost of genotyping in all of the patients to find out a minority may offset the gain.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the neurosurgical intensive care unit: complications and outcome.

Background: Even with a functioning gastrointestinal tract, it is not always easy to initiate oral feeding in some neurosurgical patients because of their persistently depressed neurologic status or severe lower cranial nerve palsies. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) may be required for long-term feeding in these patients. The purpose of the present study is to report our experience with PEG chosen for establishing an enteral route in patients of neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU).

Mucinous tumor of uncertain malignant potential in a perforated appendectomy specimen. A case report.

Mucinous tumors of uncertain malignant potential are rare; there are only occasional reports. We report the first case where the tumor was identified incidentally following resection of a perforated appendicitis. There was no previous history to suggest for a mucinous tumor.

The effects of N-acetylcysteine on bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in rats.

Stellate cells are activated by free radicals, and synthesize collagen. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a precursor of reduced glutathione and a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and has potential antifibrotic effects. We aimed to test the effects of NAC on bile duct ligation (BDL) induced liver damage in rats.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a safe and effective bridge for enteral nutrition in neurological or non-neurological conditions.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is one of the most commonly used methods for nutritional support in patients who are unable to take food orally. Traditional surgical gastrostomy, percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy, and laparoscopic gastrostomy are the alternatives. The most common indication is neurogenic dysphagia followed by obstructive causes such as head and neck tumors.

Modified lay-open (incision, curettage, partial lateral wall excision and marsupialization) versus total excision with primary closure in the treatment of chronic sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus: a prospective, randomized clinical trial with a complete two-year follow-up.

Background And Aims: The best surgical technique for treating pilonidal sinus disease is controversial. The aim of this study is to compare the modified lay-open technique with primary closure following excision with respect to operating time, healing time, time before return to work, morbidity rate, and recurrence rate.

Patients And Methods: After a pre-study power analysis, 142 patients with chronic sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus were prospectively and randomly allocated, either to the modified lay-open group (Group A, n=73) or the primary closure group (Group B, n=69).

Mid-esophageal ulceration and candidiasis-associated distal esophagitis as two distinct clinical patterns of tetracycline or doxycycline-induced esophageal injury.

Background: Tetracyclines may cause esophageal injury.

Goals: The aims of this study are to describe 2 distinct clinical patterns of esophageal injury induced by tetracycline or its derivate doxycycline and to compare these patterns with respect to demographic, endoscopic, and clinical characteristics of the patients.

Study: Forty-eight patients with the diagnosis of doxycycline- or tetracycline-induced esophageal injury by endoscopy were analyzed retrospectively.

Xanthelasmas of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Background: Gastric xanthelasma is a benign and uncommon lesion with a variably reported frequency, while esophageal and duodenal xanthelasmas are quite rare.

Methods: Seventeen patients who had the diagnosis of xanthelasma in the upper gastrointestinal tract were analyzed retrospectively with respect to their demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic features. All lesions suspected as xanthelasma were totally removed by either hot biopsy forceps or a snare with the technique of endoscopic mucosal resection.

The buried bumper syndrome: migration of internal bumper of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube into the abdominal wall.

A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube was inserted in a 59-year-old man who was undergoing craniotomy due to subarachnoid hemorrhage, because it was estimated that he could not have oral intake for a period of 4 weeks. Seventy days after the insertion, the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube was replaced because of its accidental removal by the patient. Two months after the second insertion, the tube had to be replaced due to nonfunctioning.

The utility of cytokeratins 7 and 20 (CK7/20) immunohistochemistry in the distinction of short-segment Barrett esophagus from gastric intestinal metaplasia: Is it reliable?

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present correlative immunohistochemical study was to assess the utility of cytokeratin (CK7 and CK20) expression in the diagnosis of short-segment Barrett esophagus, particularly its efficacy in differentiating Barrett mucosa from intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia and corpus. METHODS: Two groups of endoscopic biopsy specimens were examined, including 20 endoscopic biopsy specimens of short-segment Barrett esophagus (Group A) and equal number exhibiting Helicobacter pylori associated intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia and corpus (Group B). All were investigated by immunohistochemistry using the standard ABC method for CK7 and CK20 expression.

Fistulotomy and drainage of deep postanal space abscess in the treatment of posterior horseshoe fistula.

Background: Posterior horseshoe fistula with deep postanal space abscess is a complex disease. Most patients have a history of anorectal abscess drainage or surgery for fistula-in-ano.

Methods: Twenty-five patients who underwent surgery for posterior horseshoe fistula with deep postanal space abscess were analyzed retrospectively with respect to age, gender, previous surgery for fistula-in-ano, number of external openings, diagnostic studies, concordance between preoperative studies and operative findings for the extent of disease, operating time, healing time, complications, and recurrence.

An unusual cause of small bowel obstruction: gossypiboma--case report.

Background: The term "gossypiboma" denotes a mass of cotton that is retained in the body following surgery. Gossypiboma is a medico-legal problem especially for surgeons. To the best of our knowledge, the patient presented herein is the second reported patient in whom the exact site of migration of a retained surgical textile material into the intestinal lumen could be demonstrated by preoperative imaging studies.

Antral hyperplastic polyp causing intermittent gastric outlet obstruction: case report.

Background: Hyperplastic polyps are the most common polypoid lesions of the stomach. Rarely, they cause gastric outlet obstruction by prolapsing through the pyloric channel, when they arise in the prepyloric antrum.

Case Presentation: A 62-year-old woman presented with intermittent nausea and vomiting of 4 months duration.

The inhibitory effect of octreotide on experimental colorectal carcinogenesis.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of octreotide on colorectal carcinogenesis by administering octreotide either alone or combined with polyglactin, which is a well-known suture material, on chemically induced colorectal cancer development in rats.

Methods: A total of 72 rats were divided into six groups. Two groups were subjected to a colotomy and repair using polyglactin.

Hemorrhoidectomy: open or closed technique? A prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: Hemorrhoidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with third-degree or fourth-degree hemorrhoids. However, whether the closed or open technique yields better results is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare these techniques with respect to operating time, analgesic requirement, hospital stay, morbidity rate, duration of inability to work, healing time, and follow-up results.

The impact of various suture materials on experimental colorectal carcinogenesis.

Local tumor recurrence following restorative surgery for colorectal cancer may occasionally result from the promotion of a neoplastic lesion in a zone of proliferative instability adjacent to the anastomosis. This study was designed to determine the influence of various suture materials on experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. A total of 72 rats were divided into six groups, four of which were subjected to colotomy and repair using catgut, silk, polyglactin (PG), or stainless steel.