Reprogramming Chromosome Ends by Functional Histone Acetylation.

Cancers harness embryonic programs to evade aging and promote survival. Normally, sequences at chromosome ends called telomeres shorten with cell division, serving as a countdown clock to limit cell replication. Therefore, a crucial aspect of cancerous transformation is avoiding replicative aging by activation of telomere repair programs.

Intravenous iron-induced hypophosphatemia and kidney stone disease.

Patients with Crohn's disease are at increased risk for symptomatic nephrolithiasis. Stones in these patients are most commonly composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate or mixed calcium-oxalate and calcium-phosphate. Precipitation of both minerals depends on urinary pH, calcium, phosphate and oxalate excretion.

Assessment of cooking methods and freezing on the nutritional value and health risks of heavy metals in four fish species consumed in Douala, Cameroon.

The effects of smoking, boiling and freezing on the nutritional value and health risks of heavy metals in four fish species consumed in Douala was investigated. Fish samples from and were collected at the Douala Fishing seaport, carried to the laboratory, washed with distilled water and processed. Proximate composition, mineral content, heavy metals and lipid quality were analyzed using AOAC standard methods.

A Systematic Review of Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis HIV Adherence Interventions.

Clinical trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection have established its efficacy as upwards of 99%. Despite this, the effectiveness of this medication has been shown to be diminished by individual factors, such as medication adherence. We completed a systematic review to identify and describe interventions to improve oral PrEP adherence.

Performance of AI chatbots on controversial topics in oral medicine, pathology, and radiology.

Objectives: In this study, we assessed 6 different artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots (Bing, GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Google Bard, Claude, Sage) responses to controversial and difficult questions in oral pathology, oral medicine, and oral radiology.

Study Design: The chatbots' answers were evaluated by board-certified specialists using a modified version of the global quality score on a 5-point Likert scale.

Association Between Cervical Inflammatory Mediators and Prevalent Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection.

Purpose: Inflammatory mediators are important regulators of immune response and can modulate the inflammation caused by viral infections, including human papillomavirus (HPV). In this study, we evaluated the association between cervical immune mediators, including chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors with HPV infections.

Materials And Methods: We used a nonmagnetic bead-based multiplex assay to determine 27 immune mediators in cervical secretions collected from 275 women in a prospective longitudinal cohort design.

Illness experiences and mental health challenges associated with female genital schistosomiasis in Cameroon: a gender analysis.

Background: This paper highlights the role of cultural and structural gaps that shape illness experiences of women with manifestations of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) and their impacts upon mental well-being.

Methods: Using ethnography, case study narrative accounts of women manifesting symptoms of FGS, as well as interviews with health workers within FGS-endemic rural fishing communities in Cameroon, we present experiences of women affected by FGS, alongside information on FGS health service provision.

Results: Our results show how gendered power dynamics in decision making, gendered experiences around menstrual health and structural gaps in service provision, combine and lead to poor mental well-being.

Long-Term Follow up of Blinatumomab in Older Patients with B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Older adults who are diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and are treated with chemotherapy generally have poor outcomes. Blinatumomab is a CD19/CD3 bispecific T-cell engager that has been approved for the treatment of B-cell ALL in the relapsed/refractory setting or in patients with minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity. We previously reported on a small cohort of older adults with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome negative B-cell ALL who were treated with blinatumomab monotherapy in the first line setting.

Nutrient Composition and Feed Hygiene of Alfalfa, Comparison of Feed Intake and Selected Metabolic Parameters in Horses Fed Alfalfa Haylage, Alfalfa Hay or Meadow Hay.

The aim of this study was to examine the nutrient composition and feed hygiene of alfalfa as well as investigate the feed intake, blood, urine and faecal parameters of horses fed alfalfa haylage (AS) compared with alfalfa hay (AH) and meadow hay (MH). A total of 11 geldings were fed ad libitum (2.1% dry matter (DM) of body weight (BW)) with alfalfa haylage, alfalfa hay and meadow hay (MH) in a Latin square design.

Early host immune responses in a human organoid-derived gallbladder monolayer to Typhi strains from patients with acute and chronic infections: a comparative analysis.

serovar Typhi (. Typhi), a human-restricted pathogen, invades the host through the gut to cause typhoid fever. Recent calculations of the typhoid fever burden estimated that more than 10 million new typhoid fever cases occur in low and middle-income countries, resulting in 65,400-187,700 deaths yearly.

DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion neoantigens elicit rare endogenous T cell responses that potentiate cell therapy for fibrolamellar carcinoma.

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a liver tumor with a high mortality burden and few treatment options. A promising therapeutic vulnerability in FLC is its driver mutation, a conserved DNAJB1-PRKACA gene fusion that could be an ideal target neoantigen for immunotherapy. In this study, we aim to define endogenous CD8 T cell responses to this fusion in FLC patients and evaluate fusion-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) for use in cellular immunotherapies.

Neural correlates involved in perspective-taking in early childhood.

Learning to consider another person's perspective is pivotal in early social development. Still, little is known about the neural underpinnings involved in perspective-taking in early childhood. In this EEG study, we examined 4-year-old children's brain activity during a live, social interaction that involved perspective-taking.

Clinical and genomic characterization of chemoradiation-resistant HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Most patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have an excellent response to chemoradiation, and trials are now investigating de-escalated treatment. However, up to 25% of patients with HPV-positive OPSCC will experience recurrence, and up to 5% will even progress through primary treatment. Currently, there are no molecular markers to identify patients with poor prognosis who would be harmed by de-escalation.

IFNα induces CCR5 in CD4 T cells of HIV patients causing pathogenic elevation.

Background: Among people living with HIV, elite controllers (ECs) maintain an undetectable viral load, even without receiving anti-HIV therapy. In non-EC patients, this therapy leads to marked improvement, including in immune parameters, but unlike ECs, non-EC patients still require ongoing treatment and experience co-morbidities. In-depth, comprehensive immune analyses comparing EC and treated non-EC patients may reveal subtle, consistent differences.

The role of surgery and deescalation for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer.

Recently published and ongoing trials are helping to define the role of transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer. Evidence to date supports the use of surgery as a valuable tool in the multidisciplinary deescalation of low-risk human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Validation of a multiomic model of plasma extracellular vesicle PD-L1 and radiomics for prediction of response to immunotherapy in NSCLC.

Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have showed unprecedent efficacy in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, not all patients manifest clinical benefit due to the lack of reliable predictive biomarkers. We showed preliminary data on the predictive role of the combination of radiomics and plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) PD-L1 to predict durable response to ICIs.

The efficacy and safety of deucravacitinib compared to methotrexate, in patients with vulvar lichen planus who have failed topical therapy with potent corticosteroids: a study protocol for a single-centre double-blinded randomised controlled trial.

Background: Vulvar lichen planus (VLP) is a chronic vulvar dermatosis that is difficult to treat and can severely impair quality of life in the absence of adequate treatment. There is a lack of high-quality evidence to direct therapy for VLP. This randomised controlled trial will be the first double-blinded study comparing systemic treatments in VLP and aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of deucravacitinib compared to methotrexate, in patients with VLP who have failed treatment with potent topical corticosteroids.

A persistent prefrontal reference frame across time and task rules.

Behavior can be remarkably consistent, even over extended time periods, yet whether this is reflected in stable or 'drifting' neuronal responses to task features remains controversial. Here, we find a persistently active ensemble of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice that reliably maintains trajectory-specific tuning over several weeks while performing an olfaction-guided spatial memory task. This task-specific reference frame is stabilized during learning, upon which repeatedly active neurons show little representational drift and maintain their trajectory-specific tuning across long pauses in task exposure and across repeated changes in cue-target location pairings.

Carrier-Free, Amorphous Verteporfin Nanodrug for Enhanced Photodynamic Cancer Therapy and Brain Drug Delivery.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is hard to treat due to cellular invasion into functioning brain tissues, limited drug delivery, and evolved treatment resistance. Recurrence is nearly universal even after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves photosensitizer administration followed by light activation to generate reactive oxygen species at tumor sites, thereby killing cells or inducing biological changes.

Access to Care and Health Care Utilization Among Patients With Nephrolithiasis.

Objective: To characterize the impact of nephrolithiasis diagnosis and treatment on health care utilization and identify predictors of barriers to care in the patient population.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the All of Us Database, a National Institutes of Health database targeting recruitment of underrepresented populations. Patients with a diagnosis of kidney stones were included and matched to a control group.