Rubritalea halochordaticola sp. nov., a carotenoid-producing verrucomicrobial species isolated from a marine chordate.

A gram-negative-staining, obligately aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and chemoheterotrophic bacterium, designated strain MN1-1006(T), was isolated from an ascidian (sea squirt) sample, and was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate shared approximately 93-99% sequence similarity with recognized species of the genus Rubritalea within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain MN1-1006(T) and Rubritalea squalenifaciens HOact23(T) and Rubritalea sabuli YM29-052(T) were 57% and 14.

Salinisporamycin, a novel metabolite from Salinispora arenicola. [corrected].

A new rifamycin antibiotic, salinisporamycin (1), has been isolated from a culture of a marine actinomycete. The producing organism was identified as Salinispora arenicola [corrected] on the basis of the 16S rRNA sequence. High-resolution FAB-MS established the molecular formula of 1 as C(33)H(43)NO(9).

Enrichment of carotenoids in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) by metabolic engineering with introduction of bacterial phytoene synthase gene crtB.

Linseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an industrially important oil crop, which includes large amounts of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3) and lignan in its seed oil. We report here the metabolic engineering of flax plants to increase carotenoid amount in seeds.

New sulfoalkylresorcinol from marine-derived fungus, Zygosporium sp. KNC52.

A new sulfoalkylresorcinol (1) was isolated from the marine-derived fungus, Zygosporium sp. KNC52. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including MS and NMR, and the absolute stereochemistry was determined by the modified Mosher's method.

Ascochytatin, a novel bioactive spirodioxynaphthalene metabolite produced by the marine-derived fungus, Ascochyta sp. NGB4.

Ascochytatin, a new spirodioxynaphthalene metabolite produced by a marine-derived fungus, was found from a screening program focused on the bacterial two-component regulatory system. The structure of ascochytatin was determined by spectroscopic methods, including NMR and MS. The relative stereochemistry was determined by an X-ray crystallographic analysis, and the absolute stereochemistry was determined by the modified Mosher's method.

Ariakemicins A and B, novel polyketide-peptide antibiotics from a marine gliding bacterium of the genus Rapidithrix.

Ariakemicins A (1) and B (2), unusual linear hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptide antibiotics, were discovered from the fermentation extract of the marine gliding bacterium Rapidithrix sp. These metabolites were positional isomers with regard to a double bond and chromatographically inseparable, rendering the structure study on a mixture basis. The ariakemicins were composed of threonine, two omega-amino-(omega-3)-methyl carboxylic acids with diene or triene units, and delta-isovanilloylbutyric acid.

Structural determination and proposed biosynthesis of alcanivorone, a novel alpha-pyrone produced by Alcanivorax jadensis.

A novel alpha-pyrone designated as alcanivorone was found in a culture broth of the marine bacterium, Alcanivorax jadensis, and its structure was determined by an analysis of 1D NMR, 2D NMR and MS data. Alcanivorone was produced by A. jadensis only when sodium pyruvate was added to the culture medium as a carbon source.

Unnarmicins A and C, new antibacterial depsipeptides produced by marine bacterium Photobacterium sp. MBIC06485.

Two new antibiotic depsipeptides, unnarmicins C (1) and A (2), were isolated from the fermentation broth of a marine bacterium, Photobacterium sp. strain MBIC06485. The structure of 1 was established by spectroscopic studies and chiral analyses of its chemical degradation/conversion products, and that of 2 by comparing its NMR, MS, and CD data with those of 1.

Pelagicoccus croceus sp. nov., a novel marine member of the family Puniceicoccaceae within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia' isolated from seagrass.

An obligately aerobic, spherical, non-motile, pale-yellow pigmented bacterium was isolated from a piece of leaf of seagrass, Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle, grown in Okinawa, Japan and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study.

Amphibacillus sediminis sp. nov., an endospore-forming bacterium isolated from lake sediment in Japan.

A facultatively anaerobic, moderately alkaliphilic, Gram-positive, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, Shu-P-Ggiii25-2T, was isolated from lake sediment in Shizuoka, Japan, and was characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel isolate clustered with the type strain of Amphibacillus xylanus and it exhibited sequence similarities of 94.9-95.

Rubritalea spongiae sp. nov. and Rubritalea tangerina sp. nov., two carotenoid- and squalene-producing marine bacteria of the family Verrucomicrobiaceae within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia', isolated from marine animals.

Two Gram-negative, non-motile, coccoid or rod-shaped, chemoheterotrophic bacteria designated strains YM21-132(T) and YM27-005(T) were isolated from marine animals, and were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic examination. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two isolates belong to the genus Rubritalea of the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia' (subdivision 1). The novel isolates shared approximately 97-98 % sequence similarity with each other and showed 93-97 % similarity with Rubritalea species of the family Verrucomicrobiaceae.

Cerasicoccus arenae gen. nov., sp. nov., a carotenoid-producing marine representative of the family Puniceicoccaceae within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia', isolated from marine sand.

A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on strain YM26-026(T), which was isolated from acid-treated sediment in Kamaishi, Japan. The bacterial cells were pale-pink-pigmented, Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, non-spore-forming, spherical and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel isolate was a member of the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia' and shared approximately 84-87 % sequence similarity with strains of the class Opitutae that have been cultivated to date.

Sporosarcina saromensis sp. nov., an aerobic endospore-forming bacterium.

Two Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strains, HG645(T) and HG711, were respectively isolated from surface water of a brackish lake and sediment of a fishery harbour in Japan and were subsequently characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains HG645(T) and HG711 are affiliated phylogenetically to the genus Sporosarcina, and they exhibit sequence similarities of 95.7-97.

Pelagicoccus mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., Pelagicoccus albus sp. nov. and Pelagicoccus litoralis sp. nov., three novel members of subdivision 4 within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia', isolated from seawater by in situ cultivation.

Five Gram-negative, white-pigmented, spherical, chemoheterotrophic bacteria were isolated from seawater from Japan and the Republic of Palau by use of an in situ cultivation technique. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the five novel isolates, 02PA-Ca-133(T), YM14-201(T), H-MN57(T), H-MN48 and MN1-156, were closely affiliated to members of subdivision 4 within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'. The novel isolates shared 96-100 % sequence similarity with each other and showed less than 90 % similarity with the cultivated strains of subdivision 4.

Ruegeria mobilis sp. nov., a member of the Alphaproteobacteria isolated in Japan and Palau.

The taxonomic positions of two bacterial strains, MBIC01146(T) and MBIC01099, isolated from marine environments of Japan and Palau, respectively, were determined by using a polyphasic approach. The bacteria were aerobic, motile, Gram-negative rods and formed star-shaped aggregations. The G+C content of the genomic DNA ranged from 58.

Proposal of six species of moderately thermophilic, acidophilic, endospore-forming bacteria: Alicyclobacillus contaminans sp. nov., Alicyclobacillus fastidiosus sp. nov., Alicyclobacillus kakegawensis sp. nov., Alicyclobacillus macrosporangiidus sp. nov., Alicyclobacillus sacchari sp. nov. and Alicyclobacillus shizuokensis sp. nov.

Moderately thermophilic, acidophilic, spore-forming bacteria (146 strains) were isolated from various beverages and environments. Based on the results of sequence analysis of the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, eight of the strains represent novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus. These strains were designated 3-A191(T), 4-A336(T), 5-A83J(T), 5-A167N, 5-A239-2O-A(T), E-8, RB718(T) and S-TAB(T).

Persicitalea jodogahamensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family 'Flexibacteraceae', isolated from seawater in Japan.

An obligately aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, pale-pink-pigmented, rod-shaped strain, designated Shu-9-SY12-35C(T), was isolated from seawater in Jodogahama, Iwate, Japan, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic examination. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate was affiliated with the family 'Flexibacteraceae' of the phylum Bacteroidetes and that it showed highest sequence similarity (86.4 %) with Dyadobacter hamtensis HHS 11(T).

Perexilibacter aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family 'Flammeovirgaceae' isolated from sediment.

A strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, gliding, dull-orange-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain Shu-F-UV2-2(T), was isolated from sediment (Carp Island, Republic of Palau) and was the focus of a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate was affiliated to the family 'Flammeovirgaceae' of the phylum Bacteroidetes and that it showed highest sequence similarity (85.5 %) to Flammeovirga yaeyamensis NBRC 100898(T).

Coraliomargarita akajimensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia' isolated from seawater in Japan.

An obligately aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile, spherical bacterium, designated strain 04OKA010-24(T), was isolated from seawater surrounding the hard coral Galaxea fascicularis L., collected at Majanohama, Akajima, Japan, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the new strain represented a member of the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia' and shared 84-95 % sequence similarity with cultivated strains of 'Verrucomicrobia' subdivision 4.

Urukthapelstatin A, a novel cytotoxic substance from marine-derived Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542. II. Physico-chemical properties and structural elucidation.

The new cyclic peptide antibiotic, urukthapelstatin A, has been isolated from a culture of Thermoactinomycetaceae bacterium Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542. The structure of urukthapelstatin A was elucidated by NMR, MS, Marfey analysis, chiral HPLC and X-ray crystal analyses.

Urukthapelstatin A, a novel cytotoxic substance from marine-derived Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542. I. Fermentation, isolation and biological activities.

Urukthapelstatin A, a novel cyclic peptide, was isolated from the cultured mycelia of marine-derived Thermoactinomycetaceae bacterium Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542. The peptide was purified by solvent extraction, silica gel chromatography, ODS flash chromatography, and finally by preparative HPLC. Urukthapelstatin A dose-dependently inhibited the growth of human lung cancer A549 cells with an IC(50) value of 12 nM.

Tenacibactins A-D, hydroxamate siderophores from a marine-derived bacterium, Tenacibaculum sp. A4K-17.

Four new hydroxamate siderophores, tenacibactins A-D (1-4), were isolated from a culture broth of the marine-derived bacterium Tenacibaculum sp. A4K-17. The structures of these tenacibactins were determined by NMR analyses and ESIMS/MS experiments.

Terribacillus saccharophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Terribacillus halophilus sp. nov., spore-forming bacteria isolated from field soil in Japan.

Three strains, 002-048(T), RB589 and 002-051(T), isolated from field soil in Japan, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. The isolates were Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile rods that formed ellipsoidal, subterminal endospores. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates included the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall peptidoglycan, anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) as the major cellular fatty acids and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone.

New dihydrobenzofuran derivative, awajanoran, from marine-derived Acremonium sp. AWA16-1.

Awajanoran (1), a new dihydrobenzofuran derivative, was isolated from an agar-culture of Acremonium sp. AWA16-1, which had been isolated from sea mud collected at Awajishima Island in Japan. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of a spectroscopic analysis.

Awajanomycin, a Cytotoxic gamma-lactone-delta-lactam metabolite from marine-derived Acremonium sp. AWA16-1.

The new fungal metabolite awajanomycin (1), which has gamma-lactone-delta-lactam rings, was isolated from the marine-derived fungus Acremonium sp. AWA16-1, which had been collected from sea mud off Awajishima Island in Japan. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods.