Charting a course for global progress in PIDs by 2030 - proceedings from the IPOPI global multi-stakeholders' summit (September 2023).

The International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI) held its second Global Multi-Stakeholders' Summit, an annual stimulating and forward-thinking meeting uniting experts to anticipate pivotal upcoming challenges and opportunities in the field of primary immunodeficiency (PID). The 2023 summit focused on three key identified discussion points: (i) How can immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy meet future personalized patient needs? (ii) Pandemic preparedness: what's next for public health and potential challenges for the PID community? (iii) Diagnosing PIDs in 2030: what needs to happen to diagnose better and to diagnose more? Clinician-Scientists, patient representatives and other stakeholders explored avenues to improve Ig therapy through mechanistic insights and tailored Ig preparations/products according to patient-specific needs and local exposure to infectious agents, amongst others. Urgency for pandemic preparedness was discussed, as was the threat of shortage of antibiotics and increasing antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the need for representation of PID patients and other vulnerable populations throughout crisis and care management.

Recommendations for management of diabetes and its complications during Hajj (Muslim Pilgrimage) - 2024 update.

Hajj is an obligatory duty for all healthy adult Muslims once in the lifetime subjected to the ability. Considering the 10.5 % global prevalence of diabetes coupled with the numbers of Muslims performing the Hajj, ∼ 1.

Naturalistic Emotion Decoding From Facial Action Sets.

Researchers have theoretically proposed that humans decode other individuals' emotions or elementary cognitive appraisals from particular sets of facial action units (AUs). However, only a few empirical studies have systematically tested the relationships between the decoding of emotions/appraisals and sets of AUs, and the results are mixed. Furthermore, the previous studies relied on facial expressions of actors and no study used spontaneous and dynamic facial expressions in naturalistic settings.

Burden of cancer pain in developing countries: a narrative literature review.

Cancer pain is one of the most common, feared, debilitating, and often undertreated symptoms among cancer patients. It needs attention since it has a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) of the patients. Also, since cancer has emerged as a major health problem in developing countries, there is a need to strengthen preventive strategies for effective cancer pain management and provide comfort to cancer patients.

Ectopic adrenocortical carcinoma located in the ovary.

Aim: Ovarian corticosteroid-producing tumors are exquisitely rare. Our aim was to describe the first case observed in our practice.

Case History: A 34-year-old female was referred for Cushing's syndrome (CS) occurring in the postpartum period.

Skimming Digits: Neuromorphic Classification of Spike-Encoded Images.

The growing demands placed upon the field of computer vision have renewed the focus on alternative visual scene representations and processing paradigms. Silicon retinea provide an alternative means of imaging the visual environment, and produce frame-free spatio-temporal data. This paper presents an investigation into event-based digit classification using N-MNIST, a neuromorphic dataset created with a silicon retina, and the Synaptic Kernel Inverse Method (SKIM), a learning method based on principles of dendritic computation.

Mechanical cell competition kills cells via induction of lethal p53 levels.

Cell competition is a quality control mechanism that eliminates unfit cells. How cells compete is poorly understood, but it is generally accepted that molecular exchange between cells signals elimination of unfit cells. Here we report an orthogonal mechanism of cell competition, whereby cells compete through mechanical insults.

Physics of active jamming during collective cellular motion in a monolayer.

Although collective cell motion plays an important role, for example during wound healing, embryogenesis, or cancer progression, the fundamental rules governing this motion are still not well understood, in particular at high cell density. We study here the motion of human bronchial epithelial cells within a monolayer, over long times. We observe that, as the monolayer ages, the cells slow down monotonously, while the velocity correlation length first increases as the cells slow down but eventually decreases at the slowest motions.

Size sensors in bacteria, cell cycle control, and size control.

Bacteria proliferate by repetitive cycles of cellular growth and division. The progression into the cell cycle is admitted to be under the control of cell size. However, the molecular basis of this regulation is still unclear.

Landau spectrum and twin boundaries of bismuth in the extreme quantum limit.

The Landau spectrum of bismuth is complex and includes many angle-dependent lines in the extreme quantum limit. The adequacy of single-particle theory to describe this spectrum in detail has been an open issue. Here, we present a study of angle-resolved Nernst effect in bismuth, which maps the angle-resolved Landau spectrum for the entire solid angle up to 28 T.

Cerebellum shapes hippocampal spatial code.

Spatial representation is an active process that requires complex multimodal integration from a large interacting network of cortical and subcortical structures. We sought to determine the role of cerebellar protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent plasticity in spatial navigation by recording the activity of hippocampal place cells in transgenic L7PKCI mice with selective disruption of PKC-dependent plasticity at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. Place cell properties were exclusively impaired when L7PKCI mice had to rely on self-motion cues.

Heartsink encounters: a qualitative study of end-of-life care in out-of-hours general practice.

Objectives: We aimed to establish how prepared GPs who work regular out-of-hours shifts feel when dealing with end-of-life issues in palliative care patients, what they thought about seeing such patients and whether they considered themselves emotionally equipped to do so.

Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with GPs who worked regular out-of-hours shifts. A detailed analysis of transcripts using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was undertaken.

Comparison between UV index measurements performed by research-grade and consumer-products instruments.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, skin cancer and other related diseases are not just subjects of scientific literature. Nowadays, these themes are also discussed on television, newspapers and magazines for the general public. Consequently, the interest in prevention of sun overexposure is increasing, as the knowledge of photoprotection methods and UVR levels.

Fatigue in patients with advanced cancer: a pilot study of an intervention with infliximab.

Goals Of Work: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of infliximab, an antitumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antibody, on fatigue in patients with advanced cancer.

Materials And Methods: This was a pilot study undertaken in a specialist palliative care unit. Seventeen eligible outpatients were enrolled in this study.

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The inflammatory process aims at opposing an early responseto the viral infections. Inflammation is supposed to delay or limit viral multiplication and dissemination until a specific immune response can be raised. This review introduces the basis of virus-induced inflammation and presents various strategies that are used by viruses to circumvent or exploit inflammation for their own benefit.

Regulatory and effector T cell activation levels are prime determinants of in vivo immune regulation.

Little is known about the in vivo conditions in which CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (T(reg)) exert their suppressive effect in nonlymphopenic mice. To this end, we analyzed T(reg)-mediated suppression of expansion and cytokine production at different levels of Ag-specific CD4+CD25- T cell activation. Using Ab-mediated depletion of endogenous T(reg), we show that basal immunosuppression is dependent on effector T cell activation.

Regulatory T cells in graft-versus-host disease.

Alloreactive T cells present in a bone marrow transplant are responsible for graft-vs-host disease, but their depletion is associated with impaired engraftment, immunosuppression, and loss of the graft-vs-leukemia effect. The subpopulation of CD4(+)CD25(+) immunoregulatory T cells was first identified based on its crucial role in the control of autoimmune processes, but they also play a role in alloreactive responses. Moreover, these cells could be used to develop innovative strategies in the field of transplantation and particularly to prevent graft-vs-host disease.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro but fail to prevent graft-versus-host disease in mice.

Several reports have suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could exert a potent immunosuppressive effect in vitro, and thus may have a therapeutic potential for T cell-dependent pathologies. We aimed to establish whether MSCs could be used to control graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. From C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse bone marrow cells, we purified and expanded MSCs characterized by the lack of expression of CD45 and CD11b molecules, their typical spindle-shaped morphology, together with their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cells.

The effects of immediate-release morphine on cognitive functioning in patients receiving chronic opioid therapy in palliative care.

Morphine and other potent opioids are frequently used in palliative care and pain management. When sustained-release (SR) opioids do not provide adequate background analgesia, additional immediate-release (IR) opioid (e.g.

Ontogeny of CD4+CD25+ regulatory/suppressor T cells in human fetuses.

Little is known about the ontogeny of naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory/suppressor T cells that play a major role in maintaining self-tolerance in mice and humans. In rodents, thymectomy on day 3 of life leads to multiple organ-specific autoimmune diseases that can be prevented by adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells, suggesting their neonatal development. We investigated regulatory T-cell ontogeny in 11 human fetuses.

Expression of aminopeptidase B in the developing and adult rat retina.

Aminopeptidase B (Ap-B), a ubiquitous enzyme, catalyses the amino-terminal cleavage of basic residues of peptide or protein substrates, indicating a role in precursor processing. The physiological function of Ap-B still remains an open question, even though its activity suggests that it could be involved in inflammatory processes and proliferation of tumor cells. This study was conducted to determine the expression of Ap-B in the developing and adult retina as a path to envisage physiological roles of Ap-B.

Assessing undergraduate palliative care education: validity and reliability of two scales examining perceived efficacy and outcome expectancies in palliative care.

Background: Medical students have traditionally received little education in palliative care. However, in 1999, as part of a revised medical curriculum, Year 4 undergraduates at Liverpool University participated in a 2-week programme of education in palliative care. To assess the effect of the education programme, 2 assessment scales were identified: the Self-efficacy in Palliative Care Scale (SEPC) (assessing efficacy in communication, patient management and multiprofessional teamworking) and the Thanatophobia Scale (assessing attitudes towards palliative care).

A case series of inferior vena cava stenting for lower limb oedema in palliative care.

Inferior vena caval obstruction (IVCO) is an occasional cause of lower limb oedema in palliative care patients with metastatic malignancy. We present five cases who underwent IVC stenting for symptomatic relief. Four of the five cases had significant reduction in their oedema but three of these four patients died within two weeks of the procedure.