Are language-cognition interactions bigger than a breadbox? Integrative modeling and design space thinking temper simplistic questions about causally dense phenomena.

We affirm the utility of integrative modeling, according to which it is advantageous to move beyond "one-at-a-time binary paradigms" through studies that position themselves within realistic multidimensional design spaces. We extend the integrative modeling approach to a target domain with which we are familiar, the consequences of bilingualism on mind and brain, often referred to as the "bilingual advantage." In doing so, we highlight work from our group consistent with integrative modeling.

Assessing the energy trap of industrial agriculture in North America and Europe: 82 balances from 1830 to 2012.

Unlabelled: Early energy analyses of agriculture revealed that behind higher labor and land productivity of industrial farming, there was a decrease in energy returns on energy (EROI) invested, in comparison to more traditional organic agricultural systems. Studies on recent trends show that efficiency gains in production and use of inputs have again somewhat improved energy returns. However, most of these agricultural energy studies have focused only on external inputs at the crop level, concealing the important role of internal biomass flows that livestock and forestry recirculate within agroecosystems.

The Difference in Clinical Behavior of Gene Fusions Involving Fusions and Fusions in Thyroid Nodules.

Background: Molecular testing has been used as an adjunct to morphological evaluation in the workup of thyroid nodules. This study investigated the impact of two gene fusions, and , that have been described as oncogenic events in thyroid neoplasms.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, single-centered study at a McGill University teaching hospital in Montreal, Canada, from January 2016 to August 2021.

Effect of Having Concurrent Mutations on the Degree of Aggressiveness in Patients with Thyroid Cancer Positive for Promoter Mutations.

This study aimed to examine whether concurrent mutations with a promoter mutation are associated with a greater likelihood of more aggressive disease than a promoter mutation alone. The medical records of 1477 patients who underwent thyroid surgery at two tertiary hospitals between 2017 and 2022 were reviewed. Twenty-four patients had promoter mutations based on molecular profile testing.

EIF1AX mutation in thyroid tumors: a retrospective analysis of cytology, histopathology and co-mutation profiles.

Background: The EIF1AX mutation has been identified in various benign and malignant thyroid lesions, with a higher prevalence in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, especially when combined with RAS or TP53 mutation. However, data and clinical significance of EIF1AX mutations in thyroid nodules is still limited. We investigated the prevalence of EIF1AX mutations and co-mutations in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules at our institution.

A joint hierarchical model for the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 across the boroughs of Montreal.

As of July 2021, Montreal is the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada with highest number of deaths. We aim to investigate the spatial distribution of the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 across the boroughs of Montreal. To this end, we propose that the cumulative numbers of cases and deaths in the 33 boroughs of Montreal are modelled through a bivariate hierarchical Bayesian model using Poisson distributions.

Mutational status may supersede tumor size in predicting the presence of aggressive pathologic features in well differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background: In clinical practice, thyroid tumor size plays a critical role in the staging of thyroid malignancies and in the selection of nodules that should undergo ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Thyroid tumor size is influenced by the elapsed time since the beginning of oncogenesis and by the presence of somatic mutations driving growth, such as BRAF mutations, associated with aggressive phenotypes, and RAS-like mutations, associated with more indolent behavior. Although large nodules are often considered to be more alarming, the true impact of tumor size on prognosis remains controversial.