Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, validity and responsiveness of Urdu version of hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score.

Purpose: To linguistically and cross-culturally translate Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score into Urdu language (HOOS-U), and test its psychometric properties among patients with hip pain.

Materials And Methods: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of English version of HOOS were carried out following international guidelines. Psychometric testing included reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), validity (content and construct validity) and responsiveness.

Sodium alginate based fast swelling nanogels for solubility enhancement of chlorthalidone; synthesis, characterization and biosafety evaluation.

Purpose of the study was to enhance the solubility of chlorthalidone, poorly soluble diuretic that has been the used for lowering high blood pressure for the past half-century. Solubility is a challenge for approximately 90% of drug candidates. Chlorthalidone is BCS Class IV drug whose poor solubility needs to be improved in order to optimize its efficacy.

Effects of virtual reality versus motor imagery versus routine physical therapy in patients with parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mostly affecting balance and motor function caused mainly by a lack of dopamine in the brain. The use of virtual reality (VR) and motor imagery (MI) is emerging as an effective method of rehabilitation for people with Parkinson's disease. Motor imagery and virtual reality have not been compared in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Role of telerehabilitation in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy during COVID-19: A review.

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) have limited mobility and are unable to actively participate in tasks that are part of their daily living. Thus, continuous therapeutic sessions are required to keep such individuals active and engaged in the environment. Due to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns, rehabilitation for children with CP was inhibited which consequently put them at risk of losing their functional gains which were obtained through previous in-person therapies.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Northwick park neck pain questionnaire to Urdu language.

Background: Despite its widespread use for assessing pain and disability in patients suffering from neck pain, the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) has yet to be translated and validated in Urdu. The purpose of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the NPQ into Urdu language (NPQ-U), and to investigate the NPQ-U's psychometric properties in patients with non-specific neck pain (NSNP).

Methods: The NPQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Urdu in accordance with the previously described guidelines.

Translation and validation of the Urdu version of the neck pain and disability scale.

Purpose: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the neck pain and disability scale (NPDS) into Urdu language (NPDS-U), and to investigate the NPDS-U's psychometric properties in patients with non-specific neck pain (NSNP).

Methods: The NPDS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Urdu in accordance with the previously described guidelines. The study included 200 NSNP patients and 50 healthy participants.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire into Urdu language.

Background: The Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ) has been translated and validated in a number of languages and has good psychometric properties for assessing neck pain. However, an Urdu translation is currently unavailable.

Purpose: To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the NBQ into Urdu language (NBQ-U) in patients with nonspecific neck pain (NSNP).

Utilization of three-dimensional framework theory in identifying the motivational factors for selecting a postgraduate dental specialty-A pilot study.

Objectives: Three-dimensional framework theory classifies factors influencing career selection into intrinsic, extrinsic, and interpersonal dimensions. The objectives of this pilot research were to assess the psychometric properties of a scale encompassing factors affecting post-graduation specialty selection according to three-dimensional framework theory and identify motivational factors that affect dental students' and interns' choice of post-graduation specialty.

Methodology: A closed-ended self-structured research instrument consisting of a list of 19 factors was presented to dental students and dental interns at Margalla Dental College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan (n = 235).

In vitro comparison of natural tooth-whitening remedies and professional tooth-whitening systems.

Background: An increasing number of patients are using natural homemade remedies such as strawberries, banana peels, coconut oil rinse, basil, lemon, activated charcoal, apple cider vinegar, baking soda, and turmeric to obtain whiter teeth. However, studies on these natural whitening products are limited.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of different homemade tooth-whitening agents in vitro.

Imperceptible learners: Students' reasons for keeping webcams off and strategies to address students' challenges.

Background: "Should students keep their webcams on or off during synchronous online classes?" is an unanswered question with educators' opinions divided on this aspect. Along with educators' perspectives, it is also important to unfold students' perspectives on this question. The objectives of this study were to determine the routine and opinion of students' regarding webcam usage and identification of students' reasons for not using webcams during online learning.

Oral-Health-Related Self-Efficacy among the Elderly Population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Oral health self-efficacy is a fundamental determinant of behavioral changes among elderly patients. Objective: To assess the oral self-efficacy among the Saudi population aged 65 years old and above in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted on elderly individuals in Riyadh.

Herbal therapies in gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders: An evidence-based clinical review.

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the liver constitute the major organs of the human body. Indeed, the very survival of the human body depends on their proper functioning. Because the GIT is a huge and complex organ system, the maintenance of proper GIT and liver health is an arduous task.

Online vs. traditional learning: A comparative analysis of student's responses during COVID-19.

Background: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a major impact on the educational institutes globally and resulted in the transition from traditional educational systems to online electronic learning methods.

Objective: This study endeavored to address and compare the dental student's understanding regarding the Oral Biology course by assessing their knowledge and skills between the students enrolled during 2020 (online teaching) and 2021 (face-to-face teaching). This study also aimed to assess the perception of dental students regarding the virtual mode of teaching.

Intimate-partner violence and its association with symptoms of depression, perceived health, and quality of life in the Himalayan Mountain Villages of Gilgit Baltistan.

Study Objectives: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated risk factors in married women in rural villages of Gilgit Baltistan in Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional design to assess the magnitude and factors associated with IPV in a random sample of 789 married women aged 18-49 years. A World Health Organization screening instrument was used to assess the presence of IPV in the previous 12 months.

Loneliness and mental health related impacts of COVID-19: a narrative review.

Loneliness is the one of the common phase experienced during COVID-19 pandemic. It has impacted mental health of all ages specifically children and adolescents. The aim of this review was to assess level of loneliness and mental health related impacts of COVID-19 among both; children and adolescents.

Microneedles assisted controlled and improved transdermal delivery of high molecular drugs via forming depot thermoresponsive poloxamers gels in skin microchannels.

Skin is considered as an attractive route for variety of drug molecule administration. However, it is proved to be the main physical barrier for drug flux owing to their poor permeability and low bioavailability across layer. In the current study, novel approach has been used to enhance transdermal delivery via microporation through combination of poloxamers gels and microneedles (MNs) arrays.

Incivility in online learning environment: Perception of dental students and faculty.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of incivility and perception of dental students and faculty regarding uncivil behaviors in the online learning environment.

Methods: Incivility in online environment (IOLE) survey was used to collect data from dental students (n = 232) and faculty (n = 35) at Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from September to December 2021. A 4- point Likert scale was used for respondents to indicate their perceptions regarding incivility in IOLE, and a list of students' and faculty's uncivil behaviors.

Poly (N-Vinylcaprolactam-Grafted-Sodium Alginate) Based Injectable pH/Thermo Responsive In Situ Forming Depot Hydrogels for Prolonged Controlled Anticancer Drug Delivery; In Vitro, In Vivo Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation.

This study was aimed to develop novel in situ forming gels based on N-vinylcaprolactam, sodium alginate, and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide. The in situ Poly (NVRCL-g-NaAlg) gels were developed using the cold and free radical polymerization method. The structure formation, thermal stability, and porous nature of gels was confirmed by FTIR, NMR, DSC, TGA, and SEM.

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Associated Risk Factors among Pakistani Dental Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have a negative impact on quality of life, and dentists are at risk of WMSDs due to the nature of work being static, repetitious, and for a long duration. The study was aimed at measuring the prevalence and distribution of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and determining the risk factors associated with affliction among Pakistani dentists.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated questionnaire consisting of four sections.

Prevalence of Risk Factors of the Female Athlete Triad among Young Elite Athletes of Pakistan.

Background: Female athletes who are not vigilant about their food choices and choose extraneous physical activities may head towards negative health effects.

Purpose: The purpose was to determine the prevalence of risk factors that may lead to the Female Athlete Triad among young elite athletes in Pakistan.

Study Design & Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in 2018 at Pakistan Sports Board to investigate the risk factors of The Female Athlete Triad among young elite athletes based in national training camps of major metropolitan cities.