Study of the risk factors and complications of diabetes mellitus after live kidney donation.

Objectives: Kidney donors, similar to the general population, are at risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The course of donors who develop type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been well studied. This work is aimed at estimating the incidence of diabetes after kidney donation, and study some risk factors and some complications of diabetes mellitus after donation.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus open surgery for treatment of staghorn stones in pediatric patients.

Introduction: We compare percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and open surgery in the treatment of staghorn stones in children.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic records of children who underwent treatment for staghorn stones between September 2000 and August 2013. They were divided between Group 1 (patients who underwent PCNL) and Group 2 (patients who underwent open surgery).

GreenLight™ laser (XPS) photoselective vapo-enucleation versus holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized controlled study.

Purpose: After the advent of the GreenLight XPS™ (180 W) 532 nm laser, photoselective vapo-enucleation of the prostate could compete with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate as a size independent procedure. We assessed whether photoselective vapo-enucleation of the prostate-XPS is not less effective than holmium laser enucleation of prostate for improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled noninferiority trial comparing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate to photoselective vapo-enucleation of the prostate-XPS 180 W was conducted.

A correlation study between macro- and micro-analysis of pediatric urinary calculi.

Objective: The aim was investigate the relationship between macro- and micro-compositions of pediatric urinary stones by using two combined analytical techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

Materials And Methods: A total of 74 consecutive urinary calculi were collected from children. Each stone was divided into two equal portions.

Can computerized tomography accurately stage childhood renal tumors?

Purpose: Staging of childhood renal tumors is crucial for treatment planning and outcome prediction. We sought to identify whether computerized tomography could accurately predict the local stage of childhood renal tumors.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our database for patients diagnosed with childhood renal tumors and treated surgically between 1990 and 2013.

The level of C-reactive protein in chronic hemodialysis patients: a comparative study between patients with noninfected catheters and arteriovenous fistula in two large Gulf hemodialysis centers.

Hemodialysis (HD) patients have greater morbidity and mortality when they have a central venous catheter (CVC) rather than an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) access. Inflammation associated with dialysis catheter use and resultant higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels could have an independent adverse effect on patient outcomes. In this prospective study, we investigated whether HD catheters induce inflammation independent of infection.

Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma: a rare variant with unusual behavior.

Purpose: To compare the clinical, pathological and oncological outcome of EAML with classic angiomyolipoma (AML).

Methods: A retrospective review of patients' files with a diagnosis of AML was conducted. Both classic and epithelioid AML were compared as regard the patients' demographics, mode of presentation, tumor features and follow-up data.

Serous-lined unidirectional valve for construction of continent cutaneous urinary reservoir: the test of time.

Objective: To assess the long-term outcome of using the serous-lined extramural tunnel technique for construction of continent-cutaneous urinary reservoir in an objective way.

Methods: Cases that were operated until the end of 2003 and were eligible for evaluation at the time of the study were included. Continence, upper tract status, and complications were the targets of evaluation.

Ileal urinary reservoir in pediatric population: objective assessment of long-term sequelae with time-to-event analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of an ileal urinary reservoir in children.

Methods: This was a longitudinal study of pediatric patients who had undergone total ileal substitution of the bladder. Continence status was assessed, and all patients were evaluated for kidney function and biochemical profile.

Management of the looping vas deferens during laparoscopic orchiopexy.

Purpose: A number of variables should be assessed during laparoscopic orchiopexy, including vas anatomy. A looping vas deferens enters the inguinal canal and loops back to the abdominal cavity. This anatomical variant is not uncommonly encountered.

Kimura disease: a case report and review of the literature with a new management protocol.

Kimura disease (KD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with angiolymphatic proliferation, usually affecting young men of Asian race but is rare in other races. The etiology of KD is still unknown. It is often accompanied by nephrotic syndrome.

Catheterizable serous lined urinary outlet in children and adolescents: a choice when other treatments fail.

Purpose: We evaluated the functional outcome of continent catheterizable outlet using the serous lined extramural tunnel technique as a continence mechanism in children and adolescents.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively studied all patients who underwent continent catheterizable stoma using the serous lined extramural technique between May 1993 and March 2008. Patient records were reviewed for age, sex, indication for surgery, surgical details and postoperative course.

Large orthotopic reservoir stone burden: Role of open surgery.

Purpose: To present our experience in open poucholithotomy as a primary management of large orthotopic reservoir stone burden and discuss different management options.

Materials And Methods: Records of men underwent radical cystectomy and orthotopic urinary diversion were retrospectively reviewed as regards pouch stone formation. Patients with large reservoir stone burden managed by open poucholithotomy were further selected.

Tissue engineering and stem cells: basic principles and applications in urology.

To overcome problems of damaged urinary tract tissues and complications of current procedures, tissue engineering (TE) techniques and stem cell (SC) research have achieved great progress. Although diversity of techniques is used, urologists should know the basics. We carried out a literature review regarding the basic principles and applications of TE and SC technologies in the genitourinary tract.

Proteinuria among renal transplant patients and its relation to hepatitis C virus and graft outcome: a single center experience.

Objectives: Chronic hepatitis C virus has been associated with glomerular disease in native and transplanted kidneys. Reports suggest that hepatitis C virus-infected renal recipients may develop de novo glomerulonephritis. We evaluated the presence of hepatitis C virus at transplant, the occurrence of proteinuria in Egyptian renal transplant patients, and its possible link with graft survival.

TOT for treatment of stress urinary incontinence: how should we assess its equivalence with TVT?

Introduction And Hypothesis: Synthetic mid-urethral slings are currently considered the treatment of choice for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). In this study, two types of slings are compared: TVT vs. TOT.

Sleep disorders in hemodialysis patients.

The prevalence of sleep disorders is higher in patients with kidney failure than the general population. We studied the prevalence of sleep disorders in 88 (mean age; 41.59 +/- 16.

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in renal transplantation: the role of nitric oxide in an experimental rat model.

Objective: to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a renal transplant rat model, as I/R injury is a common consequence of renal transplantation and NO has many protective properties that might protect the kidney after I/R injury.

Materials And Methods: in all, 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 350-400 g and aged 4-6 months underwent renal transplantation and received FK506 (an immunosuppressant) to overcome early acute rejection episodes. The rats were divided randomly into three groups (10 rats each): Group I, treated with FK506 (2 mg/kg body weight [bw], once daily), served as the control group; Group II, treated with FK506 2 mg/kg bw and L-arginine 300 mg/kg bw; and Group III, treated with FK506 (2 mg/kg bw) and, n-omega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 mg/kg bw).

Long-term outcome of surgical treatment of penile fracture complicated by urethral rupture.

Introduction: The combination of lesions of the penile urethra and the corpus cavernosum is rare and is likely to worsen the immediate and long-term prognosis.

Aim: To assess the late effects of penile fractures complicated by urethral rupture treated by immediate surgical intervention.

Methods: Fourteen patients with concomitant urethral rupture were treated surgically at our center.

Markers of tubular and glomerular injury in predicting acute renal injury outcome in thermal burn patients: a prospective study.

Background/aim: Thermal injury elicits several systemic consequences. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a well-known complication of severe burn and is an important factor leading to an increase in mortality. We aimed to focus on early diagnosis of acute renal failure occurring in major burns and to determine the predictors for acute renal failure.

Early markers of renal injury in predicting outcome in thermal burn patients.

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a well known complication of severe burn and is an important factor that can increase mortality. To determine the predictors of acute renal failure that occur in major burns, we studied 40 patients with moderate to severe thermal burn injury - second to third degree with > 20% of total body surface area. All patients were subjected to routine investigations including: Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, fractional excretion of sodium, urinary malondialdehyde and microalbuminuria on day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 of hospitalization.

Ionized alkaline water: new strategy for management of metabolic acidosis in experimental animals.

Metabolic acidosis can occur as a result of either the accumulation of endogenous acids or loss of bicarbonate from the gastrointestinal tract or the kidney, which represent common causes of metabolic acidosis. The appropriate treatment of acute metabolic acidosis has been very controversial. Ionized alkaline water was not evaluated in such groups of patients in spite of its safety and reported benefits.

Role of urinary tubular enzymes in evaluation of children with ureteropelvic junction narrowing under conservative management.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of urinary lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the long-term follow-up of children under conservative management for ureteropelvic junction narrowing.

Methods: The study included 30 children with dilated nonobstructed kidneys due to unilateral ureteropelvic junction narrowing who were treated conservatively and followed up for 15 months. Voided urine samples were obtained from the children at diagnosis and at 3, 9, and 15 months of follow-up.

Dilemma of renal disease in elderly.

The aging process results in profound anatomic and functional changes in a number of human body systems. Changes in kidney function with normal aging are the most dramatic of any human organ or organ system. These include anatomical, physiological, hemodynamic and immunological changes.