1,933 results match your criteria: "Manitoba Centre for Health Policy; and in Canada.[Affiliation]"

Discrimination and Racial Inequities in Self-reported Mental Health Among Immigrants and Canadian-Born Individuals in a Large, Nationally Representative Canadian Survey.

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities

August 2024

Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

We examined the link between discrimination and self-rated mental health (SRMH) among immigrants and Canadian-born individuals, stratified according to an individual's identification as racialized or white. Using data from Canada's General Social Survey (2014) (weighted N = 27,575,000) with a novel oversample of immigrants, we estimated the association of perceived discrimination with SRMH separately among immigrants and Canadian-born individuals and stratified by racialized status. Among immigrants, we also investigated whether age-at-arrival attenuated or strengthened associations.

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Assessing contact dermatitis risk among Manitoba workers in the Manitoba Occupational Disease Surveillance System.

Contact Dermatitis

November 2024

Department of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Article Synopsis
  • - This study analyzed the risk of contact dermatitis (CD) among workers using Manitoba's Occupational Disease Surveillance System (MODSS) by linking workers' compensation data with health records from 1996 to 2020.
  • - Researchers found an increased risk of new CD cases in certain occupations and industries related to known skin irritants, but also identified some jobs with unexpected risks, indicating potential gaps in existing data.
  • - The findings highlight that while MODSS effectively pinpointed high-risk occupations for CD, it also revealed the need for deeper research into jobs not typically linked to work-related skin issues.
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Development of a Global Physical Literacy (GloPL) Action Framework: Study protocol for a consensus process.

PLoS One

August 2024

Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Background: The holistic concept of physical literacy (PL) has gained growing attention in recent research, policy, and practice. Many important policy documents of the physical activity and educational fields (e.g.

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Article Synopsis
  • Tuberculosis is becoming more common in Latin America, partly because more people are going to prison, with the number almost quadrupling since 1990.
  • A study looked at how this rise in incarceration has helped spread tuberculosis and found that it caused a lot more cases than expected.
  • If countries reduce the number of people admitted to prison and the time they spend there, it could help lower tuberculosis cases by more than 10% by 2034.
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Background: Primary care is often described as slow to change. But conceptualized through complexity theory, primary care is continually changing in unpredictable, non-linear ways through self-organization processes. Self-organization has proven hard to study directly.

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Background: Ongoing psychiatric follow-up and medication adherence improve outcomes for patients with psychotic disorders. Due to COVID-19, outpatient care may have been disrupted, impacting healthcare utilization.

Methods: A retrospective population-wide study was conducted for adults in Manitoba, Canada.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study assessed breastfeeding initiation rates among women with epilepsy (WWE) compared to women without epilepsy (WWoE) in Manitoba, finding a 10% lower breastfeeding initiation rate in WWE (70.9%) vs. WWoE (81.8%).
  • Key factors influencing breastfeeding in WWE included cesarean delivery, chronic pain, lower income, and gestational age, while WWoE also faced challenges from chronic pain, lower income, and mood disorders.
  • The research concluded that WWE have significant barriers to breastfeeding, highlighting the need for targeted support and counseling, with recommendations for further investigation into breastfeeding practices post-initiation.
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Article Synopsis
  • * It identified factors influencing healthcare costs, such as age, sex, type of initial treatment, and access to mental health care, highlighting that average costs were about CA$15,168 per child.
  • * The researchers developed a predictive model that could help identify children likely to incur high costs, aiming to find ways to manage expenses while maintaining quality care for these patients.
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Trend in Prescription Medication Utilization for Opioid Use Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder From 2015 to 2021: A Population-wide Study in a Canadian Province.

J Addict Med

November 2024

From the College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (KA, RH, SE, KK, JF, SA-S, CL); Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (JMB, JS, MWE, GK, EK, CL); and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (KL, HP).

Objective: To examine the quarterly incidence and prevalence of medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) from 2015 to 2021.

Methods: A retrospective population-wide observational study in Manitoba, Canada, was conducted using administrative claims data from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy to examine the incidence and prevalence of OUD (methadone, buprenorphine-naloxone, buprenorphine) or AUD medications (naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram) per 10,000 individuals in each quarter between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021.

Results: There were 1179 and 451 individuals who received at least one prescription for OUD and AUD, respectively, in the first quarter of 2020.

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Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a global public health challenge that requires innovation, infrastructure, and health system influences to bolster initiatives for its management and control. The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the published evidence on the association between ECC and the targets of the Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG9) concerned with industry, innovation, and infrastructure development.

Methods: The scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.

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Introduction: Pakistan has significantly strengthened its capacity for active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) that is being implemented at scale in the country. However, yields of ACF have been lower than expected, raising concerns on its effectiveness in the programmatic setting. Distribution of TB in communities is likely to be spatially heterogeneous and targeting of ACF in areas with higher TB prevalence may help improve yields.

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Introduction: Effective HIV prevention programme coverage is necessary to achieve Nigeria's goal of ending the epidemic by 2030. Recent evidence highlights gaps in service coverage and utilization across the country. The Effective Programme Coverage framework is a Programme Science tool to optimize a programme's population-level impact by examining gaps in programme coverage using data generated through programme-embedded research and learning.

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Introduction: "Programme science" deploys scientific methods to address questions that are a priority to support the impact of public health programmes. As such, programme science responds to the challenges of making such studies: (1) feasible to undertake, (2) useful, (3) rigorous, (4) real-world-relevant, (5) informative, and undertaken by (6) equitable partnerships. The acronym "FURRIE" is proposed to describe this set of six challenges.

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Birth Outcomes Among First Nations Birthing Parents Incarcerated While Pregnant: A Linked Administrative Data Study From Manitoba, Canada.

Womens Health Issues

September 2024

Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Colonial policies in Canada have led to significant health disparities for First Nations people, especially regarding maternal and infant health outcomes linked to incarceration.
  • A study comparing birth outcomes in Manitoba found that First Nations women who were prenatally incarcerated had higher risks of adverse outcomes like low birthweight and poor Apgar scores compared to those incarcerated after giving birth.
  • The results highlight the importance of addressing these health inequities, as prenatal incarceration adversely affects both First Nations and other Manitoban birthing parents, but the outcomes differ between these groups.
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Coffee consumption and cardiometabolic health: a comprehensive review of the evidence.

Geroscience

December 2024

Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK.

This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of longitudinal observational and interventional studies on the cardiometabolic effects of coffee consumption. It explores biological mechanisms, and clinical and policy implications, and highlights gaps in the evidence while suggesting future research directions. It also reviews evidence on the causal relationships between coffee consumption and cardiometabolic outcomes from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies.

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Article Synopsis
  • Canada legalized non-medical cannabis in 2018, and a study surveyed 1,759 youth (ages 12-25) to assess their knowledge and perceptions of cannabis since then.
  • Most participants received education on the harms of cannabis, focusing on topics like driving, mental health issues, and addiction; users displayed greater knowledge about its effects compared to non-users.
  • Vaping was seen as the most harmful method, with benefits noted by users including relaxation and better sleep, but concerningly, half had been in a car with a high driver, indicating a need for improved cannabis education.
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Rationale: The Knowledge Translation (KT) Programme of a pan-Canadian strategic patient-oriented research network focused on brain-based developmental disabilities aimed to mobilize knowledge relevant to the network members. The programme also promotes and studies integrated Knowledge Translation (iKT) approaches involving different interested parties, such as researchers, patient-partners and decision-makers, in all parts of the knowledge creation process.

Aims And Objectives: The objective of this study is to advance research programme evaluation methods through a realist evaluation of the process of implementing iKT activities.

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Article Synopsis
  • Clinical trials by the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group and the Children's Oncology Group have set the standards for diagnosing and treating rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), but new biological insights complicate these processes.* -
  • The rarity of RMS makes it difficult to conduct large phase 3 clinical trials, highlighting the need for careful planning to explore drug effectiveness, response markers, treatment toxicity, and patient quality of life.* -
  • The Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee proposes a strategic plan for future RMS trials that includes identifying new agents, improving trial efficiency, expanding knowledge opportunities, reducing treatment toxicity, and enhancing patient engagement.*
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Importance: While adults aged 80 years and older account for 70% of hip fractures in the US, performance of fracture risk assessment tools in this population is uncertain.

Objective: To compare performance of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator, and femoral neck bone mineral density (FNBMD) alone in 5-year hip fracture prediction.

Design, Setting And Participants: Prognostic analysis of 3 prospective cohort studies including participants attending an index examination (1997 to 2016) at age 80 years or older.

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The cardiac rehabilitation quality indicators (CRQIs) developed by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society provide a means to standardize program assessment and identify sex-related inequities. No formal evaluation of the CRQIs has been conducted in Manitoba. An environmental scan for the CRQIs was performed using data in the electronic medical record at two cardiac rehabilitation (CR) sites in Winnipeg for 2016-2019 referrals.

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Introduction: To study digestive system cancer risks in individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in the biologic era.

Methods: We used population-level administrative and cancer registry data from Ontario, Canada, (1994-2020) to compare people with IBD to matched controls (1:10 by sex and birth year) on trends in age-sex standardized cancer incidence and risk ratios of incident cancers and cancer-related deaths.

Results: Among 110,919 people with IBD and 1,109,190 controls, colorectal cancer incidence (per 100,000 person-years) declined similarly in people with ulcerative colitis (average annual percentage change [AAPC] -1.

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Comparison of Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression - Depression subscale scores by administration mode: An individual participant data differential item functioning meta-analysis.

J Affect Disord

September 2024

Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Article Synopsis
  • * Statistically significant differential item functioning (DIF) was found for most questionnaire items, but this had minimal impact on total scores.
  • * Researchers and clinicians can choose the administration method based on what works best for patients, considering preferences, feasibility, or cost, as score differences were negligible.
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Panel stacking is a threat to consensus statement validity.

J Clin Epidemiol

September 2024

Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine (Stanford Prevention Research Center), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Consensus statements are important in medicine and public health, but not all use solid evidence to support their claims.
  • Some statements rely on expert panels, which can be biased if many members share the same opinions or interests, especially without a thorough review of evidence.
  • A recent case about COVID-19 showed that many panel members had strong connections to groups pushing for strict COVID measures without revealing these biases, highlighting the need for clear conflicts of interest to ensure trustworthiness.
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