Autoencoder-based phenotyping of ophthalmic images highlights genetic loci influencing retinal morphology and provides informative biomarkers.

Motivation: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been remarkably successful in identifying associations between genetic variants and imaging-derived phenotypes. To date, the main focus of these analyses has been on established, clinically-used imaging features. We sought to investigate if deep learning approaches can detect more nuanced patterns of image variability.

Comparison of different nebulisation systems for capsaicin cough challenge testing.

https://bit.ly/45P1X8V.

Childhood lung function is associated with adolescent-onset and persistent asthma.

Background: Asthma is associated with impaired lung function; however, it is uncertain if a lower childhood lung function is associated with asthma onset and persistence during adolescence. The aims of the present study were to investigate the association between childhood lung function and onset and persistence of asthma during adolescence.

Methods: In the population-based BAMSE (Sweden), PIAMA (Netherlands) and MAAS (UK) birth cohorts, we analysed the association of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV/FVC and forced expiratory volume at 75% of FVC at age 8 years with asthma onset and persistence in adolescence (age 12-16 years) using cohort-specific logistic regression analysis followed by meta-analysis.

Service evaluation of R90 bleeding and platelet disorders gene panel in thrombocytopenia cases.

This study examines the R90 bleeding and platelet disorders gene panel's utility in thrombocytopenia. The study analysed the correlations between the clinical features of patients with thrombocytopenia and genetic outcomes. The diagnostic yield was 46.

Opportunities for nurses aspiring to or undertaking clinical academic development globally: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: Nurse researchers often lack awareness of how to start a clinical academic research career and often lack clear entry routes. This scoping review aims to identify the range and nature of clinical academic opportunities available for nurses. This will also identify the knowledge gaps and provide the basis for future research.

Diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative pelvic autonomic nerve monitoring during rectal surgery: a systematic review.

Purpose: Anorectal and urogenital dysfunctions are common after rectal surgery and have a significant impact on quality of life. Intraoperative pelvic autonomic nerve monitoring (pIONM) has been proposed as a tool to identify patients at risk of these functional sequelae. This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of pIONM in detecting anorectal and urogenital dysfunction following rectal surgery.

The relationship between composite lipid indices and baveno classification in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the risk is only weekly related to OSA severity traditionally determined by the apnoea-hypopnoea index. The Baveno classification was developed to improve patient selection who would benefit from OSA treatment in terms of symptoms improvement and CVD risk reduction. However, it is unclear how the classification relates to biomarkers of CVD risk.

The Use of Floseal Hemostatic Agent for Local Bleeding Control in Fungating Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Advanced breast cancer can present with bleeding tumors that are difficult to control using traditional techniques. The use of topical agents has been reported in the local management of bleeding malignant tumors. We report a challenging case of persistent bleeding in a 40-year-old female patient with metastatic breast cancer, presenting with significant uncontrollable bleeding from the fungating breast tumor where conventional measures failed to halt blood loss.

The emerging role of alarmin-targeting biologics in the treatment of patients with COPD.

Topic Importance: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, heterogeneous lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation secondary to airways and parenchymal abnormalities, and respiratory symptoms, including dyspnoea, fatigue, chronic cough, and sputum production. Cigarette smoke exposure is a major contributor to COPD although inhalation of toxic particles and other environmental and host factors can contribute to its genesis. Over time, the clinical course is frequently punctuated by exacerbations that further accelerate lung function decline and increase exacerbation risk.

Understanding care-seeking and subsequent pregnancy loss in the second trimester of pregnancy - A multicentre audit.

Objective: This study aimed to increase understanding of the signs and symptoms that lead pregnant people to seek hospital care in the second trimester of pregnancy. In addition, we aimed to describe management and follow up, to record pregnancy outcomes, and to gather information about symptoms and signs related to second trimester pregnancy loss.

Methods: This prospective audit in seven geographically dispersed sites across the UK collected data over two weeks (7th March-20th March 2022 inclusive) on all unscheduled secondary care attendances between 14 and 21 completed weeks' gestation.

An exploration of clinically meaningful definitions of cough bouts.

Rationale: The measurement of cough frequency is widely used in clinical trials, typically expressed as the number of explosive cough sounds per hour. However, this measure does not capture the clustering of coughs into bouts. Coughing bouts contribute to perceived cough severity and the physical complications of coughing, but an agreed standard definition of cough bouts is lacking.

The PAUL Glaucoma Implant in the management of uveitic glaucoma-3-year follow-up.

Background/objectives: Evaluate the mid-term outcomes of the PAUL Glaucoma Implant (PGI) in the management of uveitic glaucoma.

Subjects/methods: This was a single-centre, multi-surgeon, retrospective analysis of 50 consecutive cases of PGI for uveitic glaucoma performed between April 2019 and August 2021. Primary outcomes include: complete and qualified success (IOP ≥5 mmHg to ≤21 mmHg with ≥20% IOP reduction) or failure (IOP exceeding the success criteria, additional glaucoma procedures, no perception of light vision).

Death of the paediatric manikin: a scoping review.

Introduction: Whether the manikin should die in simulation training is a controversial area, with some educators stating that manikin death is essential in providing realistic training, while others state that the psychological burden of manikin death could derail learning and impair psychological safety. This scoping review aims to explore the existing literature regarding death of the manikin in paediatric and neonatal simulation education.

Methods: The literature was searched for publications regarding paediatric and/or neonatal manikin death in simulation training.

An Assessment of Functional Outcomes and Prognostic Measures Following the Management of Shoulder Dislocations at a Tertiary Care Hospital in the United Kingdom.

Background and objective Shoulder dislocations account for around half of all major joint dislocations in the UK and pose a significant healthcare burden. Management decisions post-reduction procedures involve a range of options, including conservative measures, surgery, and physiotherapy. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), such as the Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS) and Simple Shoulder Test (SST), have emerged as crucial tools for evaluating treatment outcomes, reflecting a shift towards patient-centred care.

Mortality in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: Despite antifungal treatment, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate rates of mortality and its predictors in CPA.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies in English, reporting mortality in CPA, from database inception to Aug 15, 2023.

Assessing the Value of New Antimicrobials: Evaluations of Cefiderocol and Ceftazidime-Avibactam to Inform Delinked Payments by the NHS in England.

Objectives: The UK has recently established subscription-payment agreements for two antimicrobials: cefiderocol and ceftazidime-avibactam. This article summarises the novel value assessments that informed this process and lessons learned for future pricing and funding decisions.

Methods: The evaluations used decision modelling to predict population incremental net health effects (INHEs), informed by systematic reviews, evidence syntheses, national surveillance data and structured expert elicitation.

Examining healthcare professional delivery of health behaviour change interventions during a public health emergency: A multi-professional survey among NHS healthcare professionals.

This study aimed to assess the extent to which healthcare professional characteristics and perceptions of major stressors during a public health emergency were associated with delivering health behaviour change interventions. A survey was administered in 2022 to a representative sample of 1008 healthcare professionals working in the UK's National Health Service (NHS). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear regression.