Evolution of Robotics in Neurosurgery.

Technology and neurosurgery have gone hand in hand since a long time. Technological development of robotics in neurosurgery over the last couple of decades has been rapid, yet it still has a long way to go before it becomes a "routine" element of the standard neurosurgical procedure. Apart from the obvious advantages they have over humans, that is, precision, consistency, endurance, and reproducibility, robots also provide additional freedom of movement beyond what is anatomically feasible for humans.

Quantitative Imaging of Regional Cerebral Protein Synthesis in Clinical Alzheimer's Disease by [C]Leucine PET.

Purpose: Protein synthesis is essential to maintain integrity and function of the human brain, and protein synthesis is associated specifically with the formation of long-term memory. Experimental and clinical observations indicate that this process is disturbed in Alzheimer's dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. In-vivo investigation with positron emission tomography (PET) using [C]leucine provides a unique possibility to measure regional cerebral protein synthesis (rCPS) rates in human brain and to determine whether it is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus may provide a target for future therapeutic interventions.

Can angiogenesis be reliably determined on digital subtraction angiography in cerebral arteriovenous malformations?

Background: Angiogenesis and nascent blood vessel formation is thought to be important in cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) development and maintenance, of which little is known. Digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) features of angiogenesis in cAVMs are poorly described and the aim of this study was to describe the frequency of angiogenesis in patients who had a DSA showing a cAVM. We also sought to evaluate the intra- and inter-observer agreement of a diagnosis of angiogenesis and explore which angioarchitectural features were associated with angiogenesis.

"I Wouldn't Even Know What to Ask for": Patients' and Caregivers' Experiences of Psychological Support for Huntington's Disease in Italy.

People with Huntington's disease (HD) often experience psychological difficulties linked with disease progression and the adjustment to living with a chronic condition, which are also frequently shared by their informal caregivers (e.g., partners).

Physical and psychological aspects of multiple sclerosis: Revisiting the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29).

Background: The MSIS-29 measures the physical and psychological impact of MS.

Objective: The associations between MSIS-29 domains and demographic/clinical aspects were examined and trajectories analysed over time.

Methods: Data were collected in the Trajectories of Outcome in Neurological Conditions study for a diverse population of people with MS, with follow-up for up to 5 years.

Attachment-informed mental healthcare systems as 'organisational caregivers': ideas for the future.

Over the past 50 years, mental health services have evolved significantly, influenced by shifts in theoretical and practical approaches to mental disorders. Key among these changes are the biopsychosocial and recovery models, which highlight resilience and quality of life in treatment. However, traditional psychiatry has often struggled to embrace these changes because of reductionist perspectives that overlook psychosocial factors, resulting in fragmented care and reduced accessibility.

Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier breakdown in acute, clinical intracerebral hemorrhage.

Neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic target in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), characterized in the brain by microglial activation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. In this study, 36 acute, spontaneous, supratentorial ICH patients underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to measure BBB permeability () 1-3 days post-onset and 16 returned for [C]()-PK11195 PET to quantify microglial activation (), 2-7 days post-onset. We first tested if these markers were increased and co-localized in the perihematomal brain and found that perihematomal and were increased vs.

Utilising accessible and reproducible neurological assessments in clinical studies: Insights from use of the Neurological Impairment Scale in the multi-centre COVID-CNS study.

Reproducible and standardised neurological assessment scales are important in quantifying research outcomes. These scales are often performed by non-neurologists and/or non-clinicians and must be robust, quantifiable, reproducible and comparable to a neurologist's assessment. COVID-CNS is a multi-centre study which utilised the Neurological Impairment Scale (NIS) as a core assessment tool in studying neurological outcomes following COVID-19 infection.

Clinical Practices and Opinions toward Gastrostomy Use in Patients with Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes: A National Survey in the UK.

Background: Severe dysphagia poses a significant challenge for clinicians regarding feeding tube choices, practices, and timing due to a lack of evidence-based guidance.

Objectives: To assess national clinical practices and opinions on gastrostomy use in patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) across the UK.

Methods: Online survey was administered to clinicians and allied health professionals regarding availability of services, current use, perceived advantages, and problems associated with gastrostomy insertion.

End-of-life care in multiple system atrophy: UK survey of patients and families.

Objectives: People with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and their carers may have many concerns about their disease and the future. This survey of people with MSA and their carers aimed to increase understanding of end-of-life care and palliative care for this group.

Methods: A survey was undertaken by the MSA Trust of people living with MSA and carers of those with the condition between August and October 2022.

Informed consent in neurosurgery - Evaluation of current practice and implementation of future strategies.

Background: In recent times, clinical negligence claims against National Health Service hospitals have doubled, with 8% of claims being made due to "failure to warn/informed consent." This study aimed to assess the current compliance of the neurosurgical division within a large tertiary neuroscience center with the national legal framework and professional guidelines around the issue of surgical consent and to develop strategies to improve the consent process.

Methods: Electronic patient records (EPR) were accessed to collect demographic data and information regarding the surgical procedures.

Diffuse scalp neurofibromas: Case series and Clinicoradiological characteristics of a rare vascular lesion.

Diffuse neurofibroma of the head and neck are rare tumours which have unique clinical and radiological findings. Presurgical diagnosis is important as these lesions are usually highly vascular and pre-operative embolisation can reduce the risk of intra-operative haemorrhage. In this article we describe four cases; two which underwent pre-operative embolisation, which should aid the reader in successfully diagnosing this entity before biopsy/surgery.