Aging towards walkable futures: insights from a multidisciplinary workshop held in Barcelona, Spain.

Background: The aging of the world's population and the increase in sedentary lifestyles are leading to an increase in walking impairments at older ages. Here, we aimed to comprehensively discuss walking in the context of an aging population; and identify and agree on a list of future research priorities and policy actions.

Methods: We followed a participatory approach and held a multidisciplinary two-day workshop on October, 2023 in Barcelona, Spain, with experts in the fields of aging and walking, and participants from the general public.

The incidence of radiologically verified community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation in adults living in southern Sweden, 2016-2018: a population-based study.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was one of the most common causes of death in the European Union in 2017. Severity and mortality of CAP increase with age and an aging European population will require increased planning for prevention, control, and management of CAP. The purpose of this study was to provide an updated population-based estimate of the incidence of CAP requiring hospitalization in Northern Europe.

Prediction of post-treatment recurrence in early-stage breast cancer using deep-learning with mid-infrared chemical histopathological imaging.

Predicting long-term recurrence of disease in breast cancer (BC) patients remains a significant challenge for patients with early stage disease who are at low to intermediate risk of relapse as determined using current clinical tools. Prognostic assays which utilize bulk transcriptomics ignore the spatial context of the cellular material and are, therefore, of limited value in the development of mechanistic models. In this study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) chemical images of BC tissue were used to train deep learning models to predict future disease recurrence.

The Importance of Olfaction for Mixed Paternity in Birds.

Olfaction can aid individuals in finding genetically compatible mates in many animals, while high levels of mixed paternity may result from a limited ability to evaluate their mate's genetic profile against their own before mating. To test this suggestion and explore if olfaction may indeed influence mating patterns in birds, we combined published measures of olfactory ability with data on genetic mating pattern in the same species, across a phylogenetically broad range of species. We used three measures of olfaction: (1) olfactory bulb diameter, (2) olfactory bulb volume and (3) number of olfactory receptor genes (148, 134 and 48 species, respectively).

Treatment with BRAF/MEK: inhibitors in mutant BRAF V600E papillary craniopharyngioma.

Summary: Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare brain epithelial tumours arising in the suprasellar region, infiltrating adjacent areas causing visual loss, panhypopituitarism, cognitive deficits and morbid obesity. Papillary CPs (PCPs) harbour in 94% BRAF mutation cases. Two patients with PCP and BRAF V600E mutations but with different tumour status were treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.

Disease characteristics and outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia in germline deficiency (Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy).

Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy (FPDMM, FPD/AML, -FPD), caused by monoallelic deleterious germline variants, is characterized by bleeding diathesis and predisposition for hematologic malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinical data on FPDMM-associated AML (FPDMM-AML) are limited, complicating evidence-based clinical decision-making. Here, we present retrospective genetic and clinical data of the largest cohort of FPDMM patients reported to date.

Etiology and hemodynamic patterns of orthostatic hypotension in a tertiary syncope unit.

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is an important differential diagnosis in unexplained syncope. Neurogenic OH (nOH) has been postulated to differ from non-neurogenic OH (non-nOH), yet pathophysiological differences are largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate etiology and tilt table test (TTT)-induced hemodynamic responses in symptomatic OH patients.

Mortality after cancer diagnosis among children with congenital heart disease in Denmark and Sweden.

Background: Recent decades have witnessed tangible improvements in childhood cancer survival. However, the prognosis for children with congenital heart disease (CHD), the most prevalent birth defect, remains unclear. Due to improved survival of CHD and childhood cancer, evaluating outcomes within this intersection is important for clinical practice.

Maternal and perinatal outcomes after implementation of a more active management in late- and postterm pregnancies in Sweden: A population-based cohort study.

Background: The risk of perinatal death and severe neonatal morbidity increases gradually after 41 weeks of pregnancy. We evaluated maternal and perinatal outcomes after a national shift from expectancy and induction at 42+0 weeks to a more active management of late-term pregnancies in Sweden offering induction from 41+0 weeks or an individual plan aiming at birth or active labour no later than 42+0 weeks.

Methods And Findings: Women with a singleton pregnancy lasting 41+0 weeks or more with a fetus in cephalic presentation (N = 150,370) were included in a nationwide, register-based cohort study.

Amino acids and CART distinguish A-β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes from type 1 and type 2 diabetes during hyperglycemic crises.

Context: When clinically stable, patients with A-β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes (KPD) manifest unique markers of amino acid metabolism. Biomarkers differentiating KPD from type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) during hyperglycemic crises would accelerate diagnosis and management.

Objective: Compare serum metabolomics of KPD, T1D and T2D patients during hyperglycemic crises, and utilize Classification and Regression Tree (CART) modeling to distinguish these forms of diabetes.

Nutritional stress in larvae induces adaptive responses that transcend generations in males of a model insect.

The ability of organisms to cope with poor quality nutrition is essential for their persistence. For species with a short generation time, the nutritional environments can transcend generations, making it beneficial for adults to prime their offspring to particular diets. However, our understanding of adaptive generational responses, including those to diet quality, are still very limited.

Dynamical arrest for globular proteins with patchy attractions.

Attempts to use colloid science concepts to better understand the dynamic properties of concentrated or crowded protein solutions are challenging due to the fact that globular proteins generally have heterogeneous surfaces that result in anisotropic or patchy contributions to their interaction potential. This is particularly difficult when targeting non-equilibrium transitions such as glass and gel formation in concentrated protein solutions. Here we report a systematic study of the reduced zero shear viscosity of the globular protein -crystallin, an eye lens protein that plays a vital role in vision-related phenomena such as cataract formation or presbyopia, and compare the results to the existing structural and dynamic data.

Swedish Version of the System Usability Scale: Translation, Adaption, and Psychometric Evaluation.

Background: The Swedish health care system is undergoing a transformation. eHealth technologies are increasingly being used. The System Usability Scale is a widely used tool, offering a standardized and reliable measure for assessing the usability of digital health solutions.

Ambitions and obstacles for evidence-based municipal primary healthcare - a mixed- methods study.

Background: Research is limited on registered healthcare professionals (RHCP) usage of research and evidence-based practice (EBP) in Swedish municipal primary healthcare work.

Aim/objectives: The aim of this study was to increase the understanding of experiences, attitudes, and conditions of usage of research and implementation of EBP among RHCPs in a Swedish municipality setting. Further, the study aimed to explore whether those attitudes and conditions were associated with RHCP basing their work on research.

Proteomic Profiling Reveals Alterations in Metabolic and Cellular Pathways in Severe Obesity and Following Metabolic Bariatric Surgery.

In this study, we investigated the impact of bariatric surgery on the adipose proteome to better understand the metabolic and cellular mechanisms underlying weight loss following the procedure. A total of 46 patients with severe obesity were included, with samples collected both before and after bariatric surgery. Additionally, 15 healthy, non-obese individuals who did not undergo surgery served as controls and were studied once.

Two-Step Acoustic Cell Separation Based on Cell Size and Acoustic Impedance─toward Isolation of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells.

Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present a noninvasive alternative to monitor disease progression in individual patients. However, the heterogeneous lineage specificity of CTCs makes it difficult to isolate and identify possible CTCs by a liquid biopsy. Better label-free methods for the isolation of viable CTCs are needed.

Myocardial infarction in second-generation immigrants compared to native-born Swedes in the total population of Sweden.

Background And Aims: Environmental and genetic factors predispose to cardiovascular disease. Some first-generation immigrants have a higher cardiovascular risk in Sweden, while less is known about second-generation immigrants. We aimed to analyze the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among second-generation immigrants in Sweden.

Association between exposure to pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos at age 5 years and IQ at age 7 years among children from the Odense Child Cohort, a prospective birth cohort study.

Background: Over the past decade, the use of organophosphate insecticides including chlorpyrifos has faced increasing restrictions due to health concerns, leading to a rise in use of pyrethroids. Concerns about neurodevelopmental insults following pyrethroids exposure exist, but few studies have examined the long-term effects of childhood exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids on IQ.

Objective: To investigate the prospective associations between pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos exposure at age 5 years and IQ scores assessed at age 7.

APOE4 impact on soluble and insoluble tau pathology is mostly influenced by amyloid-beta.

The APOE4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). While APOE4 is strongly associated with amyloid-beta (Aβ), its relationship with tau accumulation is less understood. Studies evaluating the role of APOE4 on tau accumulation showed conflicting results, particularly regarding the independence of these associations from Aβ load.

Practices, strategies, and challenges in antibiotic treatment and prevention of antimicrobial resistance from the perspectives of Romanian community pharmacists and general practitioners: a Goffman-inspired qualitative interview study.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a persistent and ascensive global threat influenced by antibiotic misuse and overuse. In the Romanian context, patterns of antibiotic consumption and resistance within the healthcare system are marked in the red scenario on the European map. General practitioners and pharmacists, among others, play a major role in stewardship towards AMR.

Cutting through the noise: A narrative review of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers for routine clinical use.

As novel, anti-amyloid therapies have become more widely available, access to timely and accurate diagnosis has become integral to ensuring optimal treatment of patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma biomarkers are a promising tool for identifying AD pathology; however, several technical and clinical factors need to be considered prior to their implementation in routine clinical use. Given the rapid pace of advancements in the field and the wide array of available biomarkers and tests, this review aims to summarize these considerations, evaluate available platforms, and discuss the steps needed to bring plasma biomarker testing to the clinic.

The impact of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer: an international multicenter study.

Purpose: To assess the association between neoadjuvant therapy and overall survival (OS) in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) compared to upfront surgery.

Background: Left-sided pancreatic cancer is associated with worse OS compared to right-sided pancreatic cancer. Although neoadjuvant therapy is currently seen as not effective in patients with RPC, current randomized trials included mostly patients with right-sided RPC.

The prognostic value of global longitudinal strain in patients with myocardial infarction and preserved ejection fraction - a prespecified substudy of the REDUCE-AMI trial.

Aims: The REDUCE-AMI trial showed that beta-blockers in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) had no effect on mortality or cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this substudy was to evaluate whether global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a better prognostic marker than LVEF, and if beta-blockers have a beneficial effect in patients with decreased GLS.

Methods And Results: REDUCE-AMI was a registry-based randomized clinical trial.