Nerol as a Novel Antifungal Agent: In Vitro Inhibitory Effects on , and and Its Potential Mechanisms against .

This study explores the in vitro antifungal effects of nerol, a linear acyclic monoterpene alcohol of plant origin, on , , and . To further investigate the antifungal mechanism of nerol against , we examined changes in mycelial morphology and cell membrane integrity-related indices, as well as the activities of antioxidant and pathogenicity-related enzymes. The results demonstrated that nerol exhibited significant concentration-dependent inhibition of mycelial growth in all three fungi, with EC values of 0.

Correlation of Serum Electrolyte Imbalances With Diabetic Duration and Medication Use: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.

Background: Certain anti-diabetic medications may exacerbate electrolyte imbalances, potentially complicating glycemic control in diabetic patients. The present study aimed to correlate the serum electrolyte imbalances such as Na, K, Ca, Cl, and Mg with the duration of disease, glycemic control, and medication regimens.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 30 healthy controls, with mean ages of 52.

Association mapping unravels the genetic basis for drought related traits in different developmental stages of barley.

Drought stress significantly reduces crop yields at all stages of plant development. Barley, known for its abiotic-stress adaptation among cereals was used to examine the genetic basis of drought tolerance. A population of 164 spring barley lines was subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought stress during germination and seedling development.

The efficacy of attractive targeted sugar baits in reducing malaria vector abundance in low-endemicity settings of northwest Mali.

Background: Attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) have the potential to significantly reduce infective female Anopheles mosquitoes in arid areas, such as in Northern Mali. Malaria is epidemic in the north due to the limited viability of Anopheles species in the desert climate. The goal of this study was to determine of the effect of ATSB on the number of older female An.

West African Medicinal Plant Substances and Molecules Activities Against Viral Hepatitis B and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public health problem with devastating consequences, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, approved treatments are limited to interferon and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues for chronic hepatitis B and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery for cancer. Both treatments have their limitations, making complete cure an elusive goal.

A Comparative Analysis of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C)-Lowering Activities of Bempedoic Acid, Inclisiran, and PCSK9 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.

Newer drugs, such as bempedoic acid, inclisiran, alirocumab, and evolocumab have recently been introduced for dyslipidemia. This systematic review aims to perform a comparative analysis of these drugs' low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering activities. The PubMed database was utilized to search for randomized controlled trials.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Rosin-Diamide-Based Fungicides as Potential Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors for Sustainable Crop Protection.

To develop novel succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors for sustainable crop protection, a series of dehydroabietyl-diamide-based fungicides (a total of 21) were designed. In vitro fungicidal activity measurement showed that compound exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against (half-maximal effective concentration, EC = 0.195 μg/mL), surpassing that of the positive control carbendazim (EC = 1.

Mobility of trace elements in a coastal contaminated site under groundwater salinization dynamics.

Water pollution is a significant issue resulting from past long-term actions. The remediation projects carried out under law constraints for industrial plants, which have been the major contributors to environmental and water pollution, are currently providing a significant amount of data about contaminated soil, surface waters, and groundwater. Most of such plants worldwide are in coastal zones.

Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants in West Africa: Insights into genomic surveillance in resource-constrained settings.

SARS-CoV-2 geno-surveillance has been challenging in West Africa. Despite the multiple challenges encountered, particularly in West Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts were made to circumscribe the spread of the disease and to provide methods and resources for surveillance. We aim to describe the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 variants and highlight the efforts made in genomic surveillance in West Africa.

Draft genome sequences of four plant-associated free-living diazotrophs isolated from the rhizosphere of Malian tomato.

This announcement reports the draft genome sequences of two and two isolated from the rhizosphere of a tomato plant grown in a village in the Republic of Mali. These strains are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and are highly valuable to agriculture for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Nano revolutions in ischemic stroke: A critical analysis of current options and the potential of nanomedicines in diagnosis and therapeutics.

A stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident, is a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted. This disruption can happen in two main ways: through a hemorrhagic stroke, where a blood vessel in the brain bursts, or through an ischemic stroke, where a blood clot blocks an artery. Both types of stroke cause damage to brain cells, leading to a range of health complications.

Optimizing the survey design for assessing schistosomiasis at the sub-district for treatment decision making.

Background: Schistosomiasis control programs typically launch with district-level, school-based preventive chemotherapy (PC). Recent World Health Organization recommendations are to shift to community-wide treatment where schistosomiasis prevalence is >10%. Simultaneously there is a push to move to sub-district PC to prioritize communities in need of treatment and alleviate the pressure on global praziquantel need, but few countries have sub-district prevalence data and no guidelines on how to collect this information.

Chemoprevention of malaria with long-acting oral and injectable drugs: an updated target product profile.

Malaria is preventable, but the burden of disease remains high with over 249 million cases and 608,000 deaths reported in 2022. Historically, the most important protective interventions have been vector control and chemopreventive medicines with over 50 million children receiving seasonal malaria chemoprevention in the year 2023. Two vaccines are approved and starting to be deployed, bringing additional protection for children up to 36 months.

Evaluating and optimizing NBR-modified bituminous mixes: a rheological and RSM-based study.

Bitumen shows visco-elastic behavior, exhibiting both elastic and viscous properties as predicted by dynamic response and phase angle. Modern asphalt bituminous pavements face issues such as early-stage fatigue cracks, rutting, and permanent deformations due to low-temperature cracking, high-temperature deformation, moisture susceptibility, and overloading. These pavement distresses result in the formation of potholes, alligator cracks, and various deformations, which accelerate the need for rehabilitation and maintenance.

Rational design and discovery of novel hydrazide derivatives as potent succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors inspired by natural d/l-camphor.

Background: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have rapidly become one of the fastest-growing categories of fungicides used against plant pathogenic fungi. Recent research advancements have emphasized that structural modifications of SDHIs using naturally sourced scaffolds represent an innovative strategy for developing new, highly effective, broad-spectrum fungicides. A novel series of d/l-camphorhydrazide derivatives potentially targeting fungal succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal effects against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea.

Drivers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among rural populations in Madagascar: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The WHO set the global immunisation threshold for COVID-19 at 70% to achieve worldwide protection against the disease. To date, global COVID-19 vaccine coverage is still below this threshold, in particular in several sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, such as Madagascar. While factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been widely explored in the past few years, research on drivers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake remains scarce.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis reveals ancestry and genetic diversity of cultivated and wild grapevines in Croatia.

Background: Croatia is a geographically small country with a remarkable diversity of cultivated and spontaneous grapevines. Local germplasm has been characterised by microsatellite markers, but a detailed analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is still lacking. Here we characterize the genetic diversity of 149 accessions from three germplasm repositories and four natural sites using 516,101 SNPs to identify complete parent-offspring trios and their relations with spontaneous populations, offering a proof-of-concept for the use of reduced-representation genome sequencing in population genetics and genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

VmSpm1: a secretory protein from Valsa mali that targets apple's abscisic acid receptor MdPYL4 to suppress jasmonic acid signaling and enhance infection.

Pathogenic fungi such as Valsa mali secrete effector proteins to manipulate host defenses and facilitate infection. Subtilases are identified as potential virulence factors, yet their specific roles in fruit tree pathogens, such as those affecting apple trees, are poorly understood. Our research shows VmSpm1 as a virulence factor in V.

Perceptions of stakeholders on the use of a simplified, combined protocol for treatment of acute malnutrition in Central African Republic.

Treatment of acute malnutrition requires novel approaches to improve coverage, reduce costs and improve the efficiency of standard protocols that separate the management of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The use of simplified, combined protocols to treat both MAM and SAM has drawn research and policy interest among global, regional and national stakeholders. However, the perspectives of local communities and health care workers regarding the use of protocols to treat acute malnutrition in a routine health care system are generally lacking.