Haemoglobin (Hb) AE Bart's Disease in a Young Patient: A Case Report.

Haemoglobin (Hb) AE Bart's disease is a rare form of thalassemia that results from the co-inheritance of Hb E and alpha thalassemia, typically with Hb H disease. The clinical severity can vary depending on the underlying genetic mutations, particularly in the presence of Hb Constant Spring (Hb CS), which is a highly unstable form of alpha thalassemia. Understanding the genetic basis and haematological profiles of Hb AE Bart's disease is crucial for proper diagnosis and management.

Distal Humerus Physeal Separation: Diagnostic Challenges and Implications.

Distal humerus physeal separation is an uncommon and often misdiagnosed injury in infants and young children, frequently resulting in delayed treatment. We report three cases of distal humerus physeal separation that presented with different clinical scenarios with different management approaches. The first case describes a nine-month-old girl who was initially treated for presumed elbow cellulitis before presentation to our centre six weeks later.

Phosphoric acid based geopolymer foam-activated carbon composite for methylene blue adsorption: isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, and machine learning studies.

In this study, a binary composite adsorbent based on activated carbon and phosphoric acid geopolymer foam (ACP) was prepared by combining phosphoric acid geopolymer (PAGP) with activated carbon (AC) and applied for the removal of methylene blue (MB). Activated carbon was thoroughly mixed with a mixture of fly ash and metakaolin in varying ratios, followed by phosphoric acid activation and thermal curing. The ACP adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), surface area analyser (SAP), and thermogravimetric analyser (TGA).

Regulatory mechanisms and applications of biofilms in the food industry.

is widely recognized for its probiotic benefits and has been widely used in food production. While biofilms are typically associated with pathogenic bacteria, they also served as a self-protective mechanism formed by microorganisms in an adverse environments. In recent years, relevant studies have revealed the excellent characteristics of biofilms, offering new insights into their potential applications in the food industry.

Numerical study on the prediction of oil recovery rates in unconventional reservoirs at high temperatures using ecologically friendly hybrid nanofluids.

Although oil extraction is indispensable for meeting worldwide energy demands and ensuring industrial sustainability, various hazards are observed. Therefore, this study examined the chemical oil recovery-related environmental consequences concerning water, soil, ecosystem, and human health damages. A numerical analysis explored the mathematical model for oil extraction from unconventional sources by utilising 3D porous prism geometries under high-temperature conditions.

Homology modeling and thermostability enhancement of PETase via hydrophobic interactions.

The quest for sustainable solutions to plastic pollution has driven research into plastic-degrading enzymes, offering promising avenues for polymer recycling applications. However, enzymes derived from natural sources often exhibit suboptimal thermostability, hindering their industrial viability. Protein engineering techniques have emerged as a powerful approach to enhance the desired properties of these biocatalysts.

Putting seedlings on the map: Trade-offs in demographic rates between ontogenetic size classes in five tropical forests.

All species must partition resources among the processes that underly growth, survival, and reproduction. The resulting demographic trade-offs constrain the range of viable life-history strategies and are hypothesized to promote local coexistence. Tropical forests pose ideal systems to study demographic trade-offs as they have a high diversity of coexisting tree species whose life-history strategies tend to align along two orthogonal axes of variation: a growth-survival trade-off that separates species with fast growth from species with high survival and a stature-recruitment trade-off that separates species that achieve large stature from species with high recruitment.

Global Delphi consensus on treatment goals for generalised pustular psoriasis.

Background: Generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a chronic, systemic, neutrophilic inflammatory disease. A previous Delphi panel established areas of consensus on GPP, although patient perspectives were not included, and aspects of treatment goals remain unclear.

Objectives: To identify and achieve consensus on refined, specific treatment goals for GPP treatment via a Delphi panel with patient participation.

Medication reconciliation: impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare professionals - a prospective quasi-experimental study in a Saudi referral hospital.

Background: Medication reconciliation has been acknowledged as a key intervention against medication errors. More than half of the medication errors that happen during care transitions are caused by unjustified medication discrepancies and up to one-third of these mistakes may be harmful. The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of health care providers in on medication reconciliation process, pre and post educational intervention.

Association of HIV infection and hospitalization among mpox cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease that has seen a resurgence in recent years, with outbreaks reaching beyond its traditional endemic zones in Central and West Africa to parts of Europe and North America. The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and mpox outcomes, particularly hospitalization rates, remains underexplored despite the known immunosuppressive effects of HIV. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between HIV infection and the likelihood of hospitalization in mpox cases.

Linking Creatinine-to-Body Weight Ratio With Diabetes Incidence: A Multiethnic Malaysian Cohort Study.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that the creatinine-to-body weight (Cre/BW) ratio is a predictor for incident diabetes in the Asian population. This study examined the association between Cre/BW ratio and incident diabetes, as well as the relationship between Cre/BW ratio and skeletal muscle and body fat mass in a multiethnic Malaysian cohort.

Methods: A total of 13 047 eligible participants were selected from 119 560 The Malaysian Cohort participants.

An efficient and lightweight detection method for stranded elastic needle defects in complex industrial environments using VEE-YOLO.

Deep learning has achieved significant success in the field of defect detection; however, challenges remain in detecting small-sized, densely packed parts under complex working conditions, including occlusion and unstable lighting conditions. This paper introduces YOLOv8-n as the core network to propose VEE-YOLO, a robust and high-performance defect detection model. Firstly, GSConv was introduced to enhance feature extraction in depthwise separable convolution and establish the VOVGSCSP module, emphasizing feature reusability for more effective feature engineering.

Regional and institutional trends in assessment for academic promotion.

The assessment of research performance is widely seen as a vital tool in upholding the highest standards of quality, with selection and competition believed to drive progress. Academic institutions need to take critical decisions on hiring and promotion, while facing external pressure by also being subject to research assessment. Here we present an outlook on research assessment for career progression with specific focus on promotion to full professorship, based on 314 policies from 190 academic institutions and 218 policies from 58 government agencies, covering 32 countries in the Global North and 89 countries in the Global South.

Global landscape of Vibrio parahaemolyticus research: a bibliometric analysis.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus poses a notable threat to marine ecosystems and can cause infections and disease outbreaks in seafood species, which can affect humans upon consumption. The global impacts of such infections and outbreaks on human and animal health led to a growing number of studies from various countries discussing the prevention, control, treatment, and overall implications of V. parahaemolyticus.

Dysregulation of REST and its target genes impacts the fate of neural progenitor cells in down syndrome.

Increasing shreds of evidence suggest that neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift may be critical to the abnormal neurodevelopment observed in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). REST, the Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription factor, regulates the differentiation and development of neural cells. Downregulation of REST may lead to defects in post-differentiation neuronal morphology in the brain of the DS fetal.

Adding Semi Elemental Enteral Nutrition Formula Improves Tolerance Without Compromising Bowel Preparation Quality for Colonoscopy: A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Aims conventional bowel preparation restricts dietary intake up to 72 h prior to colonoscopy. Bowel preparation process is often perceived as unpleasant leading to poor compliance and subsequent poor bowel preparation. The aim of this trial is to compare the efficacy of low-residue semi-elemental enteral formula (LREF) incorporated diet versus the standard diet in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based bowel preparation in the aim of creating a more tolerable bowel preparation regimen without compromising bowel cleanliness.

Structural elucidation and anti-asthmatic effects of semi-crystalline polysaccharides from Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation. Lignosus rhinocerotis (LR), a medicinal mushroom rich in polysaccharide, has been traditionally used to treat various diseases, including asthma. This study aimed to fractionate, characterize and evaluate the anti-asthmatic effects of polysaccharides from LR (LRP).

Analysis of consular assistance provided to Irish citizens abroad, 2014-2023.

Introduction: There has been limited literature reporting the nature of the consular assistance provided to travellers. This study aimed to describe the consular assistance activity of the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs.

Methods: Publicly available consular assistance data (2014-2023) were analysed descriptively.

Deciphering abbreviations in Malaysian clinical notes using machine learning.

Objective: This is the first Malaysian machine learning model to detect and disambiguate abbreviations in clinical notes. The model has been designed to be incorporated into MyHarmony, a Natural Language Processing system, that extracts clinical information for healthcare management. The model utilizes word embedding to ensure feasibility of use, not in real-time but for secondary analysis, within the constraints of low-resource settings.

Toxic tuna tales: Tracing microplastic pathways in mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis), longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol), and bullet tuna (Auxis rochei).

Casting a shadow upon marine ecosystems worldwide, microplastic pollution emerges as a formidable threat, yet its repercussions on commercially significant marine fish remain largely unexplored. This investigation delves into the realm of microplastic contamination within three tuna species (Euthynnus affinis, Thunnus tonggol, and Auxis rochei) inhabiting Malaysian waters, with a keen focus on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), gills, and edible muscle. These species were chosen due to their significant ecological roles and considerable commercial value, being extensively fished and widely consumed across global regions.

The angle of polarized light (AOP) property for optical classification of the crosslinked polymer.

Light-matter interaction has been profoundly studied for sample material classification. However, the optical classification of the sample through the polarized light-matter interaction remains underexplored. It is limited to the measurement of intensity instead of the angle of polarized light (AOP) for its degree of polarization.

Depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia and Malaysia: do age, diabetes duration, foot ulcers, and prescribed medication play a role?

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are susceptible to mental health issues, impacting medication adherence and diabetes control. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with depression and anxiety among T2DM patients in Indonesia and Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Indonesia and Malaysia from October 2022 to April 2023 among T2DM patients.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.