Supernumerary testis or polyorchidism: A rare urogenital anomaly (case report and literature review).

Introduction And Importance: Polyorchidism, or supernumerary testis, is a rare urogenital congenital disorder. Because of its rarity, there is no approved standard treatment protocol for preserving or removing the extra testicle, yet orchiopexy is frequently performed as a preferred treatment in most medical facilities.

Case Presentation: We present a 23-year-old single male with a bilaterally empty scrotum.

Noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas with hypovolemic shock, anemia and prolonged jaundice in a neonate: a case report.

Noninvoluting congenital hemangioma is an extremely rare congenital anomaly in newborn babies and may complicate life-threatening events, including hemorrhage. We present a very rare case of noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas in an Asian and Afghan six-day-old girl that was detected at birth. The noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas were accompanied by hypovolemic shock, anemia, and prolonged jaundice during the first two weeks of life.

Congenital duodenal web causing partial obstruction with recurrent vomiting and abdominal distention in a toddler boy: a case report.

Background: The duodenal web is a thin, elongated, web-like structure that is one of the factors contributing to duodenal obstruction. Only 100 cases have been reported in the literature. We present a 2.

Giant cervical lymphangioma encompassing the neck great vessels (carotid artery and jugular vein): a case report.

Unlabelled: Lymphangiomas are benign congenital defects affecting the lymphatic system. These lesions commonly involve the head and neck, predominantly the posterior cervical triangle. Lymphangiomas cause obstructive symptoms in the upper airway and pose an esthetic concern to the patient.

Childhood mesenteric cyst: A rare intra-abdominal entity with literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Mesenteric cysts are uncommon intra-abdominal benign masses that appear in childhood with varying degrees of clinical manifestations, ranging from being asymptomatic to presenting as an acute abdomen. The diagnosis is made incidentally during the work-up for other abdominal pathologies such as acute appendicitis, bowel obstruction, etc. The treatment is mostly surgical and varies depending on the clinical type of the lesion.

A challenging high-risk surgery for necrotizing pneumonia in a right bilobed lung.

Background: Necrotizing pneumonia is rare in children and is one of the most serious complications of a lung infection caused by antibiotic failure. We present a 12-year-old leukopenic child with a long-lasting lung infection, presenting as having a lung hydatid cyst, but diagnosing with necrotizing pneumonia in the right bilobed lung. Failure to medical treatment and ongoing leukopenia justified surgical intervention with positive results.

Congenital megalourethra.

Background: Congenital megalourethra is a urogenital anomaly characterized by a cystic dilatation and elongation of the penile urethra resulting from the absence and hypoplasia of the corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum, or anterior urethral valve. There are two clinical types: scaphoid and fusiform. Generally, the etiology is unknown, but it is thought to be a defect in mesodermal development.

Childhood esophageal achalasia: Case report from Afghanistan with literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Esophageal achalasia is a motility disorder of the esophagus with unknown etiology characterized by the failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Diagnosis is made by barium esophagography, endoscopy, and esophageal manometery. Heller Esophagomyotomy along with Dor's fundoplication is the treatment of choice.

Correlation of Psoriasis Disability Index and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index: A Study from Afghanistan.

Background: Psoriasis is a common skin disease that affects physical, psychological, and social well-being of patients. Several studies have assessed health-related quality of life of patients with psoriasis in different populations with large variations.

Objective: To investigate, for the first time, the impact of psoriasis on quality of life of Afghan patients with psoriasis.

Bilateral open lip schizencephaly.

Schizencephaly is a central nervous system (CNS) developmental disorder characterized by abnormal cleft extending from the lateral ventricles to the cerebral cortex. Clinically, it occurs as -mantle, closed lip and open lip types which may be unilateral or bilateral. The exact cause of schizencephaly is not known but genetic disorders, exposure to teratogens, viral infections and maternal age are implicated.

The Third Wave of the COVID-19 Arrived in Afghanistan: A Severe Case with Skin Manifestation.

The COVID-19 is an ongoing global pandemic that has put the world in a devastating situation. The virus is able to attack multiple body systems and cause a variety of clinical problems ranging from asymptomatic to critical cases. Although young individuals are more likely to suffer milder forms of the disease, critical cases also might happen.

Ruptured middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts after minor trauma in adolescent boys presenting with subdural hygroma: two case reports.

Background: Intracranial arachnoid cysts are common, cerebrospinal fluid-filled, innocent lesions that are usually detected incidentally on brain imaging. They may rupture and complicate due to subdural hematoma or hygroma after minor trauma. Authors present two cases of ruptured middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts in adolescent (12-year-old and 15-year-old) Afghan boys presenting with subdural hygroma after minor trauma.

Metabolic Syndrome and Psoriasis: A Case-Control Study in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is not limited to the skin. Recently, numerous studies have shown a positive association between metabolic syndrome and psoriasis.

Objective: The current study aimed to examine the association of metabolic syndrome with psoriasis in an Afghan population.

Association of metabolic syndrome with pediatric psoriasis: a case-control study in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Background: Limited studies have assessed the risk of metabolic syndrome in pediatric psoriasis. This study was aimed to investigate the association of obesity and metabolic syndrome with pediatric psoriasis in Afghanistan.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted from March to December 2018 at the dermatology department of Maiwand Teaching Hospital in Kabul city.