Associations of maternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance plasma concentrations during pregnancy with offspring polycystic ovary syndrome and related characteristics in Project Viva.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may impact ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis, but whether prenatal exposure may impact offspring reproductive health is unknown. This study examines the extent to which maternal PFAS plasma concentrations during pregnancy are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and related characteristics in female offspring.

Methods: We studied 322 mother-daughter pairs in Project Viva, a Boston-area longitudinal pre-birth cohort enrolled 1999-2002.

Brief Report: Genital Microbiome, Inflammation, and Tenofovir Levels in Transgender Men and Cisgender Women Taking Oral PrEP.

Background: Little is known about the efficacy of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or what biologic factors may influence HIV transmission in transgender men (TGM). In this study, we sought to explore the effect of testosterone on the vaginal microbiome, cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) tenofovir concentrations, and levels of CVF inflammatory markers in TGM on PrEP.

Methods: Cervicovaginal fluid was collected from 13 TGM (7 using testosterone) and 32 cisgender women (CGW) on PrEP.

Shared Local Oncology Care After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Although sharing care with local oncologists after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been proposed for patients living far from HCT centers, it is not known whether a shared strategy is safe or improves patient quality of life (QOL).

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of sharing follow-up care after HCT between the HCT specialty center and local oncologists.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a multicenter collaborative randomized clinical trial of patients undergoing HCT at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI)-a high volume HCT center in Boston (Massachusetts)-and 8 local oncology practices.

Symptom management in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma.

According to the 2021 World Health Organization classification of CNS tumors, gliomas harboring a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (mIDH) are considered a distinct disease entity, typically presenting in adult patients before the age of 50 years. Given their multiyear survival, patients with mIDH glioma are affected by tumor and treatment-related symptoms that can have a large impact on the daily life of both patients and their caregivers for an extended period of time. Selective oral inhibitors of mIDH enzymes have recently joined existing anticancer treatments, including resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, as an additional targeted treatment modality.

Atlas of Fshr expression from novel reporter mice.

The FSH-FSHR pathway has been considered an essential regulator in reproductive development and fertility. But there has been emerging evidence of FSHR expression in extragonadal organs. This poses new questions and long-term debates regarding the physiological role of the FSH-FSHR, and underscores the need for reliable, in vivo analysis of FSHR expression in animal models.

How is Telehealth Used to Increase Access to Specialty Palliative Care? A Systematic Review.

Context: Specialty palliative care remains inaccessible for many with serious illness, especially in rural areas. Telehealth may be one solution.

Objectives: To describe how telehealth increases access to specialty palliative care, describe facilitators and barriers to its use, and summarize evidence of patient benefits.

Erratum to "Differentiating monogenic and syndromic obesities from polygenic obesity: Assessment, diagnosis, and management" [Obesity Pillars 11C (2024) 100110].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.

Physicians' Preference for Carotid Revascularization Impacts Postoperative Stroke and Death Outcomes.

Background: TransCarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) is a safe minimally invasive option for patients with carotid artery stenosis who are not appropriate candidates for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Many physicians have not yet adopted this technique in the management of carotid artery stenosis. The aim of this study is to explore overall outcomes of carotid revascularization based on physicians' practices in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI).

Negative feedback between PTH1R and IGF1 through the Hedgehog pathway in mediating craniofacial bone remodeling.

Regeneration of orofacial bone defects caused by inflammatory-related diseases or trauma remains an unmet challenge. Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) signaling is a key mediator of bone remodeling whereas the regulatory mechanisms of PTH1R signaling in oral bone under homeostatic or inflammatory conditions have not been demonstrated by direct genetic evidence. Here we observed that deletion of PTH1R in Gli1+-progenitors led to increased osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.

Complementary effects of postoperative delirium and frailty on 30-day outcomes in spine surgery.

Background Context: With an increasingly older population, the number of frail patients requiring surgical management for degenerative spine diseases is rapidly increasing. Older patients are at increased risk of developing postoperative delirium (POD), which increases the odds of postoperative morbidity and mortality in spine surgery patients. Therefore, frail spine surgery patients may be at greater risk of developing POD and subsequent adverse outcomes.

Comparison of Revision and Redislocation Rates After First-Time Anterior Shoulder Instability Between Subluxators and Dislocators: A Midterm Outcome Study.

Background: Anterior shoulder instability is a common pathology seen especially in young men and highly active patient populations. Subluxation is a commonly encountered clinical issue, yet little is known about the effects of first-time subluxation compared with dislocation on shoulder stability and clinical outcomes after surgical stabilization.

Purpose: To compare revision and redislocation rates as well as patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between subluxators and dislocators after a first-time anterior shoulder instability event.

Associations of PFAS concentrations during pregnancy and midlife with bone health in midlife: Cross-sectional and prospective findings from Project Viva.

Background: PFAS may impair bone health, but effects of PFAS exposure assessed during pregnancy and the perimenopause-life stages marked by rapidly changing bone metabolism-on later life bone health are unknown.

Methods: We studied 531 women in the Boston-area Project Viva cohort. We used multivariable linear, generalized additive, and mixture models to examine associations of plasma PFAS concentrations during early pregnancy [median (IQR) maternal age 32.

How Can the Environmental Impact of Orthopaedic Surgery Be Measured and Reduced? Using Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction as a Test Case.

Background: The healthcare sector in the United States has increased its greenhouse gas emissions by 6% since 2010 and today has the highest per capita greenhouse gas emissions globally. Assessing the environmental impact and material use through the methods of life cycle assessment (LCA) and material flow analysis (MFA) of healthcare procedures, products, and processes can aid in developing impactful strategies for reductions, yet such assessments have not been performed in orthopaedic surgery. We conducted an LCA and an MFA on an ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Nonopioid medications for managing opioid withdrawal in acute care settings: A scoping review.

Purpose: There are hospitalized patients with chronic opioid use who will experience signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal who were not on medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) prior to admission, do not want to start or are unable to start medications for OUD during admission, and want to limit or avoid the use of opioids. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess the potential effectiveness and safety of using non-opioid agents for managing acute opioid withdrawal in acute care settings.

Methods: PubMed (inception to 2024), Embase (inception to 2024), and Cochrane Library (inception to 2024) were the databases evaluated for the literature search.

Kidney stone analysis: an EAU section of urolithiasis (EULIS) survey on current practices and perspectives worldwide.

Purpose: To investigate the current thoughts and perspectives on kidney stone analysis amongst urologists and urology residents worldwide.

Methods: In October 2022 an online survey supported by the EULIS was circulated amongst urologists and urology residents worldwide. The survey was based on the current EAU guidelines regarding stone analysis and its role in urolithiasis management.

Early identification of vascular access site complications and frequent heart rate and blood pressure monitoring after cardiac catheterization: A scoping review.

Background: Nurses perform frequent heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) monitoring, a widespread and longstanding practice, after cardiac catheterization (CC) to identify vascular access site complications for femoral and radial arterial approach in adult patients.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to answer two questions: (1) how does the available evidence support frequent HR and BP monitoring after CC via femoral and radial approach in adult patients and (2) how does this practice prompt bedside nurses in identifying the procedure's major vascular access site complications, including bleeding, hematoma, and pseudoanurysm?

Method: Following the scoping review approach, literature search was conducted (PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar) by two co-authors and medical librarian. We reviewed, evaluated, and analyzed the evidence from twenty articles.

The pathoanatomy of medial ligamentous disruption in the dislocated and multiple ligament injured knee.

Purpose: To describe the medial-sided pathoanatomy and ligament injuries in acute MLKIs with medial-sided involvement andlook forassociated injury patterns based upon location of ligamentous injury.

Methods: Patients who underwent treatment for MLKI at two level-1 trauma centers were identified between January 2001 and May 2023. Only cases involvingcomplete disruption of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) were included.

Children and Restraints Study in Emergency Ambulance Transport-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CARSEAT-CPR): An Observational Cohort Study of a Simulated Pediatric Cardiac Arrest.

Objectives: To compare the ability to perform basic life support (BLS) skills on children and infants in a moving ambulance whether or not they are properly secured to the stretcher.

Methods: Emergency Medicine Services provider ability to perform BLS skills was measured in moving ambulances on a closed course using an analog for child and infant cardiac arrest. Data were compared for child and infant manikins secured to the stretcher via different methods in simulated patient resuscitations performed by 24 participants.

Current state of neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices for paediatric patients with ventricular assist devices: an Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network and Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative collaborative survey.

Purpose: Paediatric patients with heart failure requiring ventricular assist devices are at heightened risk of neurologic injury and psychosocial adjustment challenges, resulting in a need for neurodevelopmental and psychosocial support following device placement. Through a descriptive survey developed in collaboration by the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network and the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative, the present study aimed to characterise current neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices for paediatric patients with ventricular assist devices.

Method: Members of both learning networks developed a 25-item electronic survey assessing neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices specific to paediatric ventricular assist device patients.