Strategies for conducting adolescent health research in the clinical setting: the Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center HPV experience.

Background: Clinical research with adolescents can be challenging due to issues of informed consent, parental involvement, institutional review board requirements, and adolescent psychosocial development. These requirements present a dilemma, particularly in the area of sexual health research, as adolescents are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV). To successfully conduct adolescent research in the clinical setting, one requires an awareness of state statutes regarding adolescent confidentiality and consent for medical care, and a close partnership with the IRB.

Effects of parental origins and length of residency on adiposity measures and nutrition in urban middle school students: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The prevalence of obesity in U.S. has been rising at an alarming rate, particularly among Hispanic, African, and Asian minority groups.

Pediatric prehospital evaluation of NYC cardiac arrest survival (PHENYCS).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the demographics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OOHCAs) in children younger than 18 years and characteristics associated with survival among these children in New York City (NYC).

Methods: A prospective observational cohort of all children younger than 18 years with OOHCA in NYC between April 1, 2002, and March 31, 2003. Data were collected from prehospital providers by trained paramedics utilizing a previously validated telephone interview process.

Pattern of bacterial colonization in a new neonatal intensive care unit and its association with infections in infants.

Background: There is paucity of information on the pattern of bacterial colonization of a new neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: To study the pattern of bacterial colonization on the environmental surfaces in a new neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and correlate it with infections in the infants.

Methods: Environmental cultures from the faucets and computer keyboards in the NICU were obtained prospectively every 2 weeks for 1 year.

Altered glucose disposition and insulin sensitivity in peri-pubertal first-degree relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: First-degree relatives (FDRs) of women with PCOS are at increased risk for impaired insulin sensitivity and diabetes mellitus. Glucose tolerant FDR have evidence of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia prior to emergence of frank PCOS.

Aim: To study insulin dynamics parameters in the early adolescent FDR of women with PCOS.

Blood Pressure over Height Ratios: Simple and Accurate Method of Detecting Elevated Blood Pressure in Children.

Background. Blood pressure (BP) percentiles in childhood are assessed according to age, gender, and height. Objective.

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in obese children.

Background And Aim: In the context of present epidemic of childhood obesity, we aimed to find the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a cohort of obese children.

Methodology: Retrospective chart analysis of 700 obese children was done for their anthropometric and biochemical investigations.

Results: Some 15.

Bronchoscopic findings in children with chronic wet cough.

Objectives: Protracted bacterial bronchitis is defined as the presence of more than 4 weeks of chronic wet cough that resolves with appropriate antibiotic therapy, in the absence of alternative diagnoses. The diagnosis of protracted bacterial bronchitis is not readily accepted within the pediatric community, however, and data on the incidence of bacterial bronchitis in children are deficient. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial bronchitis in children with chronic wet cough and to analyze their bronchoscopic findings.

Factors Affecting the Weaning from Nasal CPAP in Preterm Neonates.

Objective. Identification of the weight and postmenstrual age (PMA) at successful weaning of NCPAP in preterm neonates and the factors influencing the successful wean. Study Design.

Acute upper GI bleed in a 4-year-old boy: a case of atypical Burkitts lymphoma in a 4-year-old.

Lymphomas have been seen in the pediatric population; more frequently in patients with H. Pylori, Celiac disease, and/or patients with congenital or acquired immune deficiencies. We report a case of a 4-year old male with an acute gastric-intestinal bleed accompanied by a rare lymphoma.

Immediate clinical outcomes in preterm neonates receiving antenatal magnesium for neuroprotection.

Background: Antenatal magnesium sulfate can potentially reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in neonates delivered between 24 and 32 weeks of gestational age. Some studies using high-dose magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection have reported increased perinatal mortality.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 475 neonates born between 24 and 32 weeks of gestational age.

Endothelial function as measured by peripheral arterial tonometry increases during pubertal advancement.

Background/aims: Sex steroids, such as estrogens, are known to influence endothelial function by their vasodilator action. The aim of this study was to study the relation of puberty and sex steroids with endothelial function using peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT).

Methods: In 89 healthy school boys and girls, we determined height, weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, BMI, BMI z-score, blood pressure (BP), BP percentiles, lipid profile, insulin, and glucose levels after overnight fast.

Unmasking of neonatal renovascular hypertension by milrinone used for cardiac dysfunction.

A neonate initially presented with heart failure, with severe cardiac dysfunction confirmed by echocardiography, at 3 days of age. Blood pressure at presentation was in the high normal range. It was not until there was a rapid improvement of left-ventricular function on intravenous milrinone that the infant was noted to be hypertensive on day of life 7.

Caregiver perceptions of sexual abuse and its effect on management after a disclosure.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine caregiver management strategies for child sexual abuse (CSA) when presented with hypothetical scenarios that vary in physical invasiveness.

Methods: One hundred fifty three caregivers were given 3 scenarios of CSA with 7 management strategies presented in the 21-item Taking Action Strategies (TAS) scale. Caregivers were asked to rate strategies according to their willingness to carry out each action with rating of 5=greater likelihood of carrying out the action specified while a rating of 1=a lower likelihood of carrying out that action.

Isolated micropenis reveals partial androgen insensitivity syndrome confirmed by molecular analysis.

Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is the milder variant of androgen receptor (AR) defects. The subtle effects of AR mutations present in a patient with micropenis, peno-scrotal hypospadias, infertility, clitoromegaly and posterior labial fusion. We studied the association of isolated micropenis with the genetic defects resulting in androgen resistance, that is, AR gene defects and 5-alpha reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) deficiency.

Unusual phenotypical variations in a boy with McCune-Albright syndrome.

Background: McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) typically comprises the constellation of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait spots, and associated endocrinopathies including gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty, excessive growth hormone production and gigantism, hyperthyroidism, and hyperparathyroidism.

Objective: We report the unique case of a boy with the diagnostic criteria of MAS accompanied by atypical short stature and macroorchidism without precocious puberty.

Patient: An 8.

Pediatric board review course for residents "at risk".

Objective: There is a correlation between American Board of Pediatrics In-Training and General Pediatrics Certifying Examination scores. A course targeted mainly for residents "at-risk" based on in-training scores may improve the outcome of the certification exam. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of a board review course on pediatric board certification scores, particularly for residents at-risk.

Correlation between an email based board review program and American Board of Pediatrics General Pediatrics Certifying Examination scores.

Objective: To investigate the impact of a weekly email based board review course on individual resident performance on the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) General Pediatrics Certifying Examination for pediatric residents and, specifically, residents with low ABP In-training Examination (ITE) scores.

Methods: Weekly board-type questions were emailed to all pediatric residents from 2004-2007. Responses to board-type questions were tracked, recorded, and correlated with ITE scores and ABP General Pediatrics Certifying Examination Scores.