Leveraging Patient Advocacy and Faith-Based Partnerships to Educate, Activate, and Prepare Black Communities to be Screened for Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is the second most common and the deadliest cancer for men and women in the U.S. Historical and current-day injustices, implicit and explicit bias, stigma, social determinants, and disparities contribute to inequitable lung cancer-related health outcomes for Black and African Americans comparatively.

Cross-national statistical harmonization of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale among older adults in China, England, India, Mexico, South Africa, and the United States.

Objectives: We examined differential item functioning (DIF) of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) items by country and statistically harmonized common cross-national factor scores for the CES-D to aid further cross-national research.

Study Design And Setting: Data were from Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) studies in China (N = 9639), England (N = 1262), India (N = 4048), Mexico (N = 1918), South Africa (N = 631), and the United States (N = 3321). Multiple indicators, multiple causes models were estimated to test DIF in the CES-D items by country.

Barriers and facilitators for the use of telehealth by healthcare providers in India-A systematic review.

It is widely assumed that telehealth tools like mHealth (mobile health), telemedicine, and tele-education can supplement the efficiency of Healthcare Providers (HCPs). We conducted a systematic review of evidence on the barriers and facilitators associated with the use of telehealth by HCPs in India. A systematic literature search following a pre-registered protocol (https://doi.

Associations of smoke-free policies in multi-unit housing with smoking behavior and second-hand smoke exposure: A systematic review.

Background And Aim: Although considerable progress has been made regarding the implementation of smoke-free policies (SFPs), many people continue to be exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in the home environment. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the association of SFPs in multi-unit housing (MUH) with smoking behavior and SHS exposure.

Methods: In August 2022, we searched five online databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and CENTRAL.

Postnatal Zika and Dengue Infection and their Effects on Neurodevelopment Among Children Living in Rural Guatemala.

Background: Prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection leads to microcephaly and adverse neurodevelopment. The effects of postnatal ZIKV infection on the developing brain are unknown. We assessed the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children exposed postnatally during the ZIKV epidemic.

Preference for Long-Acting HIV Prevention Methods Among Transgender Women Vulnerable to HIV in Eastern and Southern United States: Findings from the LITE Study.

HIV incidence among transgender women remains high and disproportionately impacts young, Black, and Latina transgender women. Data on preferred PrEP modalities among this population are limited. Participants in The LITE Cohort completed a survey module on PrEP modality preferences during 24-month study visits.

Associations between human milk EV-miRNAs and oligosaccharide concentrations in human milk.

Introduction: Human milk contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which are key bioactive components. HMOs are indigestible carbohydrates that impact infant growth and development. miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression.

Novel polymorphic and copy number diversity in the antibody IGH locus of South African individuals.

The heavy chain of an antibody is crucial for mediating antigen binding. IGHV genes, which partially encode the heavy chain of antibodies, exhibit vast genetic diversity largely through polymorphism and copy number variation (CNV). These genetic variations impact population-level expression levels.

Psychometric Properties of Measuring Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Young Latino Sexual Minority Men With HIV: Ecological Momentary Assessment and Electronic Pill Dispenser Study.

Background: Increasing HIV rates among young Latino sexual minority men (YLSMM) warrant innovative and rigorous studies to assess prevention and treatment strategies. Ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) and electronic pill dispensers (EPDs) have been used to measure antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence repeatedly in real time and in participants' natural environments, but their psychometric properties among YLSMM are unknown.

Objective: The study's objective was to assess the concurrent validity, acceptability, compliance, and behavioral reactivity of EMAs and EPDs among YLSMM with HIV.

Urinary Metal Levels, Cognitive Test Performance, and Dementia in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Importance: Metals are established neurotoxicants, but evidence of their association with cognitive performance at low chronic exposure levels is limited.

Objective: To investigate the association of urinary metal levels, individually and as a mixture, with cognitive tests and dementia diagnosis, including effect modification by apolipoprotein ε4 allele (APOE4).

Design, Setting, And Participants: The multicenter prospective cohort Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) was started from July 2000 to August 2002, with follow-up through 2018.

Using the Translational Science Benefits Model to assess the impact of the Penn Implementation Science Center in Cancer Control.

Traditional approaches for evaluating the impact of scientific research - mainly scholarship (i.e., publications, presentations) and grant funding - fail to capture the full extent of contributions that come from larger scientific initiatives.

The Undetermined Significance of Screening for Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance.

The identification of premalignant lesions in solid tumors such as colorectal and cervical cancer has led to the development of highly effective population-wide screening programs for these malignancies. Although precursor clinical states are not well-established for most hematologic malignancies, multiple myeloma is a notable exception. Virtually all patients with multiple myeloma first develop monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), an asymptomatic but easily detectable condition.

"Rest of the folks are tired and weary": The impact of historical lynchings on biological and cognitive health for older adults racialized as Black.

Childhood structural racism may lead to poorer health and longevity for individuals racialized as Black. Racism-related stress cumulatively taxes the body resulting in worsening biological and cognitive health. This study examines the association between state-level exposure to historical lynchings (adverse childhood racism for modern older adults), with C-reactive protein (CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation), and global cognitive performance (modified TICS).

Prenatal exposure to environmental bisphenols over time and their association with childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in the ECHO consortium.

Concerns persist about the potential impact of prenatal exposure to bisphenols (BP) and their replacement analogues on childhood asthma and allergies. Previous studies on single and small cohorts had limited statistical power, few investigated analogues BPF and BPS, and even fewer examined atopic outcomes. Our objective was to assess whether prenatal exposures to individual environmental bisphenols (BPA, BPF, BPS) influence risk of childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.

Signatures of transmission in within-host Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex variation: a retrospective genomic epidemiology study.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species evolve slowly, so isolates from individuals linked in transmission often have identical or nearly identical genomes, making it difficult to reconstruct transmission chains. Finding additional sources of shared MTBC variation could help overcome this problem. Previous studies have reported MTBC diversity within infected individuals; however, whether within-host variation improves transmission inferences remains unclear.

Association of organ procurement organization volume with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services performance evaluations.

Under 2020 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) conditions of coverage, Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) will be decertified if their 95% upper confidence limit for donation or transplant rate falls below the previous year's median (tier 3) and must recompete if either is below the 75th percentile (tier 2). This study aimed to examine the associations of CMS metrics with OPO volume and evaluate an alternate observed-to-expected tiering system using simulation analysis and CMS's OPO public report. In 2021, CMS tier 3 and 2 OPOs had significantly larger volumes than tier 1 OPOs (median = 2042 vs 2124 vs 1003; P = .