Cervical length of preoperative cervical cerclage prognostic impacted the effect of cervical insufficiency.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the impact of preoperative cervical length before cervical cerclage on the extension of gestational days in patients with various diagnostic types of cervical insufficiency, including obstetric history-based diagnosis, ultrasound-based diagnosis, and physical examination-based diagnosis.

Methods: 168 patients were segregated into four categories based on cervical length: 0-0.4 cm, 0.

Combining a guided self-help and brief alcohol intervention to improve mental health and reduce substance use among refugee men in Uganda: a cluster-randomized feasibility trial.

Evidence on the effectiveness and implementation of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions for men in humanitarian settings is limited. Moreover, engagement and retention of men in such interventions has been challenging. Adaptations may therefore be required to improve the appropriateness and acceptability of these interventions for men.

Prevalence of Depression in Older Adults and the Potential Protective Role of Volunteering: Findings From the LongROAD Study.

Background: As the US population continues to age, depression and other mental health issues have become a significant challenge for healthy aging. Few studies, however, have examined the prevalence of depression in community-dwelling older adults in the United States.

Methods: Baseline data from the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers study were analyzed to examine the prevalence and correlates of depression in a multisite sample of community-dwelling adults aged 65-79 years who were enrolled and assessed between July 2015 and March 2017.

The breast cancer genetic testing experience: probing the potential utility of an online decision aid in risk perception and decision making.

Background: Despite the association of pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer predisposition genes with significantly increased risk of breast cancer (BC), uptake of genetic testing (GT) remains low, especially among ethnic minorities. Our prior study identified that a patient decision aid, RealRisks, improved patient-reported outcomes (including worry and perceived risk) relative to standard educational materials. This study examined patients' GT experience and its influence on subsequent actions.

"Ashamed of being seen in an HIV clinic": a qualitative analysis of barriers to engaging in HIV care from the perspectives of patients and healthcare workers in the Daraja clinical trial.

Background: There is high post-hospital discharge mortality among persons with HIV who are hospitalized, and post-hospital survival is strongly associated with early HIV clinic linkage, clinic attendance, and antiretroviral therapy adherence. The Daraja intervention, a context-tailored case management strategy implemented and tested through a randomized trial in Tanzania, was associated with improved HIV clinic linkage, retention, and ART initiation and adherence.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) in a sub-sample of 40 study participants (20 control and 20 intervention) 12 months after enrollment into the trial to gain an in-depth understanding of the barriers to HIV care engagement and the perceived mechanisms through which the Daraja intervention impacted these barriers.

The potential impact of optimal blood pressure treatment intensity to reduce disparities in dementia between Black and White individuals.

Background: Black adults have higher dementia risk than White adults. Whether tighter population-level blood pressure (BP) control reduces this disparity is unknown.

Objective: Estimate the impact of optimal BP treatment intensity on racial disparities in dementia.

Low-Dose Oral Ginger Improves Daily Symptom Scores in Asthma.

A significant number of individuals with asthma have poorly controlled daily symptoms and utilize dietary supplements such as ginger in a quest for improved symptom control; however, its effectiveness at improving the control of symptoms is unproven. We questioned whether low-dose oral ginger would improve subjective and objective measurements of asthma control in mild-to-moderate asthmatics. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study of a low dose (1 g twice daily) of a dietary supplement of ginger in 32 mild-to-moderate uncontrolled asthmatics over a 2-month trial period while maintaining daily conventional asthma therapies.

Classification of childhood obesity using longitudinal clinical body mass index and its validation.

Objective: Persistence of childhood adiposity is known to be associated with long-term adverse cardiometabolic risks. Yet, cross-sectional body mass index (BMI) is often used to classify obesity in clinical care and research. This study aimed to develop and validate a childhood obesity classification system using longitudinal clinical data.

Impacts of a puberty and period education intervention among 9- to 12-year-old girls in the New York metropolitan area: a randomized trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the immediate impacts of an illustrated book on puberty and periods for girls in the United States (US).

Methods: We conducted a randomized educational intervention between February-May 2023 among girls ages 9-12 years in after-school programs in the New York metropolitan area (n = 123). Girls were assigned to read a book on puberty and periods or an alternative book on healthy eating.

Equity and the operational considerations of the kidney transplant allocation system.

Purpose Of Review: Demonstrate the impact of allocation system design on access to the waitlist and transplantation for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Recent Findings: Minoritized groups are more likely to be declined from transplant listing owing to psychosocial criteria. Lack of consistent definitions, screening tools with differential subgroup validity, and insufficient evidence-base contribute to concerns about reliance on psychosocial factors in transplant listing decisions.

Retail availability of oral nicotine pouches in 3 US cities: A geographic analysis.

Introduction: Sales of oral nicotine pouches (ONPs), including brands such as Zyn, on!, Velo, and Rogue, have risen precipitously in the US. One potential driver of ONP use may be exposure to the products and their marketing in local tobacco retailers. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of ONP availability in a large, representative sample of tobacco retailers in three major US cities.

Influencing basic behavioral mechanisms of action while targeting daily walking in sedentary adults at risk for cardiovascular disease: randomised factorial design protocol.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, though it may be prevented by increasing physical activity (PA). When behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are bundled together, they increase PA, though which individual BCTs increase PA (and the behavioural mechanism of action (MoA) responsible for said increase) have not been studied. The aim of this study is to conduct a randomised factorial experiment to determine which of four BCTs significantly engage the proposed MoA-self-efficacy for PA-in adults at risk for CVD.

Large floods drive changes in cause-specific mortality in the United States.

Flooding greatly endangers public health and is an urgent concern as rapid population growth in flood-prone regions and more extreme weather events will increase the number of people at risk. However, an exhaustive analysis of mortality following floods has not been conducted. Here we used 35.

Mental Health Treatment among U.S. Military Veterans: Insights from the National Health Interview Survey.

Background: In the United States (U.S.), the prevalence of anxiety and depression is increasing, yet significant barriers to mental health treatment remain.

Utilization of transitional care management services and 30-day readmission.

Transitional care management (TCM) visits have been shown to reduce 30-day readmissions, but it is unclear whether the decrease arises from the TCM visit itself or from clinic-level changes to meet the requirements of the TCM visits. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from Northwell Health to examine the association between the type of post-discharge follow-up visits (TCM visits versus non-TCM visits based on billing) and 30-day readmission. Furthermore, we assessed whether being seen by a provider who frequently utilizes TCM visits or the TCM visit itself was associated with 30-day readmission.

The Association Between Street Construction Projects and Community Violence in New York City.

Community violence is a major cause of injury and death in the USA. Empirical studies have identified that some place-based interventions of urban private places, such as remediations of vacant lots and buildings, are associated with reductions in community violence in surrounding areas. The aim of this study was to examine whether routine maintenance and repair of urban public places (e.

Magnitude of non-communicable disease screening and factors associated with awareness among reproductive age women in Gofa and Basketo zones, Southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increasing at an alarming rate in Ethiopia. NCDs affect reproductive-age women and cause significant threats to future generations. Screening is an important aspect leading to early diagnosis, treatment and preventing the risk of complications and future mortality.

Designing and implementing the IDEAL Study: A randomized clinical trial of genotype disclosure for late-onset Alzheimer's disease in an urban Latino population.

Introduction: The (IDEAL) Study is a randomized clinical trial investigating the psychosocial, behavioral, and cognitive impacts of apolipoprotein E () genotype disclosure for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) among Latinos.

Methods: We used address-based sampling to recruit English- and Spanish-speaking Latinos aged 40-64 living in northern Manhattan for a community-based Baseline Survey about their knowledge and opinions about AD. Participants eligible for the clinical trial were invited to complete an Introductory Session, including AD and genetics education and informed consent, before undergoing genotyping for .

Completeness and quality of comprehensive managed care data compared with fee-for-service data in national Medicaid claims from 2001 to 2019.

Objective: To evaluate the completeness and quality of Medicaid comprehensive managed care (CMC) data in national MAX/TAF research files.

Study Setting And Design: This observational study compared CMC with fee-for-service (FFS) enrollee data in 2001-2019 Medicaid MAX/TAF inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy files. Completeness was assessed as the proportion of enrollees with any claim and mean claims per enrollee with any claim.

Prevalence of indications of alcohol and drug use among patients treated for injurious falls by Emergency Medical Services in the USA.

Objective: The association between alcohol consumption and increased injuries from falls is well established, but there is a lack of data on the prevalence of substance use by fall type. This study aims to describe the distribution of alcohol and drug involvement in injurious falls.

Methods: Using the 2019 National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Information System data set, we identified 1 854 909 patients injured from falls requiring an EMS response and determined the fall location (eg, indoors or on street/sidewalk).