From Neighborhood to Household: Connections Between Neighborhood Vacant and Abandoned Property and Family Violence.

Rates of family violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment, remain high in the USA and contribute to substantial health and economic costs. How neighborhood environment may influence family violence remains poorly understood. We examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned properties and family violence, and the role collective efficacy may play in that relationship.

Neighborhoods, Networks, and HIV Care Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Proposal for a Longitudinal Study.

Background: The majority of people living with HIV in the United States are men who have sex with men (MSM), with race- and ethnicity-based disparities in HIV rates and care continuum. In order to uncover the neighborhood- and network-involved pathways that produce HIV care outcome disparities, systematic, theory-based investigation of the specific and intersecting neighborhood and social network characteristics that relate to the HIV care continuum must be engaged.

Objective: Using socioecological and intersectional conceptual frameworks, we aim to identify individual-, neighborhood-, and network-level characteristics associated with HIV care continuum outcomes (viral suppression, retention in care, and antiretroviral adherence) among MSM living with HIV in New York City.

Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder Among U.S. Adults with Psychiatric Disorders: 2001-2002 and 2012-2013.

Background: Rates of cannabis use disorder (CUD) have increased disproportionately among Veterans Administration (VA) patients with psychiatric disorders compared to patients with no disorder. However, VA patient samples are not representative of all U.S.

Machine learning-based infection diagnostic and prognostic models in post-acute care settings: a systematic review.

Objectives: This study aims to (1) review machine learning (ML)-based models for early infection diagnostic and prognosis prediction in post-acute care (PAC) settings, (2) identify key risk predictors influencing infection-related outcomes, and (3) examine the quality and limitations of these models.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, CINAHL, and ACM digital library were searched in February 2024. Eligible studies leveraged PAC data to develop and evaluate ML models for infection-related risks.

Gut Microbial Metabolites and Future Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Metabolome-Wide Association Study.

Background: Alterations in gut microbiota are observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies on microbiota-derived metabolites in PD were small-scale and post-diagnosis, raising concerns about reverse causality.

Objectives: Our goal was to prospectively investigate the association between plasma microbial metabolites and PD risk within a metabolomics framework.

Development of a brief stigma and perceptions questionnaire for pharmacists: An exploratory factor analysis approach in New York state counties enrolled in the healing communities study.

Introduction: Little is known about how pharmacists' attitudes and stigma toward naloxone and Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) influence effective linkage to treatment. We examine the psychometrics of a new Pharmacist Opioid Use Disorder Perceptions Questionnaire (P-OUDP-Q), a multidimensional measure to examine pharmacists' stigma and perceptions related to MOUD in the New York State (NYS) site of the HEALing Communities Study.

Methods: The study recruited a sample of 324 pharmacists from 16 counties in NYS between January and June 2022.

State adoption of paid sick leave and cardiovascular disease mortality among adults in the United States, 2008-2019.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the United States and may be prevented through improved working conditions. The United States does not guarantee paid sick leave (PSL) at the federal level. We used quasi-experimental event study methods to examine the relationship between state-level PSL policies and county-level CVD mortality among working-age adults aged 15 to 64 over time (2008 to 2019).

Perinatal Loneliness and Isolation Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, birthing parents were identified as a high-risk group with greater vulnerability to the harms associated with SARS-CoV-2. This led to necessary changes in perinatal health policies but also to experiences of maternal isolation and loneliness, both in hospital settings, due to infection mitigation procedures, and once home, due to social distancing.

Methods: In this study, we qualitatively explored birthing and postpartum experiences in New York City during the early days of the pandemic when lockdowns were in effect and policies and practices were rapidly changing.

Early detection of pancreatic cancer: Study design and analytical considerations in biomarker discovery and early phase validation studies.

Objectives: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease that is challenging to detect at an early stage. Biomarkers are needed that can detect PDAC early in the course of disease when interventions lead to the best outcomes. We highlight study design and statistical considerations that inform pancreatic cancer early detection biomarker evaluation.

Unsupervised Classification of the Host Response Identifies Dominant Pathobiological Signatures of Sepsis in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Rationale: The global burden of sepsis is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa, where inciting pathogens are diverse and HIV co-infection is a major driver of poor outcomes. Biological heterogeneity inherent to sepsis in this setting is poorly defined.

Objectives: To identify dominant pathobiological signatures of sepsis in sub-Saharan Africa and their relationship to clinical phenotypes, patient outcomes, and biological classifications of sepsis identified in high-income-countries (HICs).

Changes in diet quality across life transitions from adolescence to early adulthood: a latent growth analysis.

Background: Adolescence to early adulthood is a period of multiple life transitions. These transitions, along with changing resources and contexts, could contribute to significant changes in diet, which may persist into later adulthood.

Objectives: We investigated diet quality trajectories from age 15 to 31 y and changes in diet quality associated with life transitions by sex.

Surge in antidepressant usage among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from an interrupted time series analysis.

Background: Depressive disorders are a major public health issue in Western societies, particularly among adolescents, young adults and women. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health challenges, increasing depression and anxiety symptoms, especially in younger people. This study focuses on the hard-hit Emilia-Romagna Region (ERR) in Italy, examining changes in antidepressant (AD) drug use post-COVID-19 to understand the pandemic's effect on mental health.

Women's attitudes towards intimate partner violence in Guyana: a population-based study.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global health issue and a breach of human rights. However, the literature lacks understanding of how socioeconomic and geographic disparities influence women's attitudes toward IPV in Guyana over time. This study aimed to assess trends in women's attitudes about IPV in Guyana.

Medicaid expansion and medications to treat opioid use disorder in outpatient specialty care from 2010 to 2020.

Introduction: Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are considered the first line treatment for opioid use disorder. As states expanded Medicaid beginning in 2014 under the Affordable Care Act, policymakers and public health officials were interested in the potential for expansion to increase access to MOUD. This study examined whether there were changes in MOUD use within outpatient admissions to specialty treatment facilities in Medicaid expansion states beyond the initial expansion period.

Prolonged dry seasons lengthen coccidioidomycosis transmission seasons: implications for a changing California.

Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal disease caused by soil-borne spp., exhibits pronounced seasonal transmission, with incidence in California typically peaking in the fall. However, the influence of climate on the timing and duration of transmission seasons remains poorly understood.