The benefit of additional embolization after perioperative balloon occlusion of pelvic artery during cesarean hysterectomy in placenta accreta spectrum.

Background: Cesarean hysterectomy in the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) remains challenging due to difficulty in controlling perioperative bleeding.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of perioperative balloon occlusion with versus without pelvic artery embolization in PAS women who underwent a cesarean hysterectomy.

Material And Methods: A total of 26 pathological confirmed cases of PAS were retrospectively reviewed and categorized into two groups: perioperative balloon occlusion at either the anterior division of the internal iliac artery or uterine artery followed by gelfoam embolization (n = 12, study group) and perioperative balloon occlusion alone (n = 14, control group).

Higher compliance with the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol improves postoperative recovery and 6-month mortality in upper gastrointestinal surgery.

Introduction: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol has been proven to accelerate recovery without increasing morbidity, but few data are available from developing countries. We aimed to demonstrate the correlation between compliance with the ERAS protocol and short-term outcomes in upper gastrointestinal (UGI) surgery.

Materials And Methods: Patients that underwent esophageal and gastric surgeries during March 2019 to June 2021 were prospectively enrolled in this nonrandomized cohort study.

RNAscope Multiplex FISH Signal Assessment in FFPE and Fresh Frozen Tissues: The Effect of Archival Duration on RNA Expression.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET), which is the most widely used pathology archive, usually has low-quality DNA and RNA due to extensive nucleic acid crosslinking. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) has been increasingly utilized in research and clinical settings to diagnose disease pathology. In this study, the effect of RNA degradation over archival time on RNA-FISH signals in FFPET and fresh frozen tissue (FFT) was systematically assessed.

Conference report of the 2024 Antimicrobial Resistance Meeting.

The Antimicrobial Resistance - Genomes, Big Data and Emerging Technologies Conference explored key topics including measuring the burden of AMR, global public health pathogen genomics infrastructure and surveillance, translation and implementation of genomics for AMR control, use of techniques such as wastewater surveillance, mathematical and statistical modelling, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to aid understanding of AMR. This report describes research presented during plenary sessions and discussions, keynote presentations and posters.

Echocardiogram utilization in hospitalized adults with isolated traumatic brain injury: Propensity-matched analysis of the national inpatient sample 2016-2020.

Background: Early left ventricular systolic dysfunction is common after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Echocardiography (Echo) can evaluate cardiac function across various clinical scenarios; however, its utilization in isolated TBI remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we aim to examine Echo utilization in hospitalized adults with isolated TBI.

Epidemiology, Ventilation Management, and Outcomes in Invasively Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: An Analysis of Four Observational Studies in Four Countries on Two Continents.

Epidemiology, ventilator management, and outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been described extensively but have never been compared between countries. We performed an individual patient data analysis of four observational studies to compare epidemiology, ventilator management, and outcomes. We used propensity score weighting to control for confounding factors.

Community responses to a novel house design: A qualitative study of "Star Homes" in Mtwara, southeastern Tanzania.

Introduction: To evaluate the impact of a novel design "Star Home" on the incidence of malaria, respiratory tract infections and diarrheal diseases among children, randomly selected households in Mtwara, Tanzania were offered a free, new Star Home. Drawing on longitudinal qualitative research that accompanied the Star Homes study, this article describes the experiences of residents and the wider community of living with these buildings.

Methods: A total of four rounds of face-to-face interviews were undertaken with residents of Star Homes (n = 37), control (wattle/daub) homes (n = 21), neighboring households n = 6), community members (n = 17) and community leaders (n = 6).

Regular versus as-needed treatments for mild asthma in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are recommended treatment for mild asthma. We aimed to update the evidence on the efficacy and safety of ICS-containing regimens, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA), and tiotropium relative to as-needed (AN) short-acting β2-agonists (SABA) in children (aged 6-11 years) and adolescents/adults.

Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of regular and AN treatment for mild asthma was conducted (CRD42022352384).

Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of disappearing Plasmodium vivax in southern Thailand.

The evolution of genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium vivax as malaria elimination approaches remains unclear. This study analyzed the genetic variation and molecular epidemiology of P. vivax from Yala Province in southern Thailand, an area in the pre-elimination phase.

Peptide nucleic acid-immobilised paper combined with multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification for the ultrasensitive and rapid detection of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.

Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) is a critical issue with significant implications for patient care, public health, and TB control efforts that necessitate comprehensive strategies for detection. This study presents a novel point-of-care diagnostic tool for RR-TB detection employing a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-paper-based sensor combined with isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The sensor targets mutations in codons 516, 526, and 531 of the rpoB gene, the top three common mutations associated with rifampicin-resistant strains.

Synthesis, anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction in breast cancer cells, and aromatase inhibition of coumarin-triazole hybrids: In vitro and in silico studies.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers found in women worldwide. Besides the availability of clinical drugs, drug resistance and considerable side effects are concerning issues driven the needs for the discovery of novel anticancer agents. Aromatase inhibition is one of the effective strategies for management of hormone-dependent breast cancer.

High Prevalence of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis Among Patients Who Have Fragility Hip Fractures.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative musculoskeletal condition that impairs mobility and balance, increasing fall risk. When combined with osteoporosis, it further increases the risk of fragility fractures. Despite its prevalence, the frequency of knee OA in patients who have fragility hip fractures (FHFs) is not well established.

Coping with cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia: a scoping review.

Objectives: This scoping review aims to map out the coping strategies among Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment (PwMCI) and Persons with Mild Dementia (PwMD), identifying the facilitators and the barriers to the use of the strategies.

Method: We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed studies in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Under the guidance of the Coping Circumflex Model, we identified coping strategies and then conducted thematic synthesis.

Future directions of spiritual care where spiritual care providers do not exist: a qualitative study.

Introduction: Spiritual care is a fundamental aspect of palliative care, addressing the emotional, existential, and spiritual needs of patients facing life-threatening illnesses. However, in Thailand, the integration of spiritual care into the healthcare system remains underdeveloped due to the absence of professional spiritual care providers. This study aims to explore potential models and future directions for spiritual care within the palliative care context, focusing on how such care can be provided in the absence of professional spiritual care providers.

A comparison of health-related quality of life between continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and automated peritoneal dialysis in children with stage 5 chronic kidney disease in Thailand: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is one of the main goals in managing stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, limited evidence compares HRQoL between continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) in children. This open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to compare HRQoL in pediatric patients with stage 5 CKD receiving CAPD vs.

Effectiveness of non-pharmacological intervention protocol for prevention of postoperative delirium in the surgical intensive care unit.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common adverse event in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to determine the effectiveness of a multicomponent non-pharmacological intervention protocol to reduce the incidence of POD in elderly patients admitted to the surgical ICU (SICU). This before-and-after cohort study included 300 patients aged ≥ 65 years who were admitted to the SICU within 7 days postoperatively with an anticipated SICU stay > 24 h.

Potential interaction between clorsulon and ivermectin for malaria vector control.

Mass ivermectin (IVM) treatment of livestock (MITL) is under consideration as a malaria control tool as IVM-treated livestock are lethal to blood-feeding Anopheles mosquitoes. MITL is routinely used as a prophylaxis in livestock to reduce the burden and transmission of helminth infections. Recently, there has been a shift in the veterinary IVM market in Southeast Asia wherein nearly all standard IVM formulations are now co-formulated with clorsulon (CLO).

Development and Implementation of a Minority Health International Infectious Diseases Research Training Program.

From 2014-2019, the University of Hawai'i (UH) at Manoa offered a National Institutes of Health funded Minority Health International Research Training (MHIRT) Program for undergraduate research experiences in infectious diseases. The goal of the program was to immerse undergraduate students in conducting global infectious diseases research to train a new generation of scientists to combat future global pandemics. The MHIRT program trained educationally underrepresented groups unique in Hawai'i: Native Hawai'ians and other Pacific Islanders, and underrepresented Asian Americans, e.

Impact of a natural rubber-based scratcher as an environmental enrichment on the scratching behavior, cortisol level, and semen quality of stable male goats.

Background And Aim: Goats are valuable livestock because they can generate meat and milk for human consumption. Goat husbandry is becoming more intensive due to the growing demand for goat products, which may impact animal welfare and natural behavior. This study aimed to investigate the impact of natural rubber (para rubber)-based scratchers as an environmental enrichment on scratching behavior, cortisol levels, and semen quality in stable bucks (male goats/goats).

Enhancing elemental release and antibacterial properties of resin-based dental sealants with calcium phosphate, bioactive glass, and polylysine.

Background: This study aimed to develop ion-releasing and antibacterial resin-based dental sealants comprising 3 to 6 wt% monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM, M), 3 to 6 wt% bioactive glass (BAG, B), and 3 to 6 wt% polylysine (PLS, P). The physical properties, mechanical performance, cytotoxicity, and inhibition of S. mutans biofilm by these materials were subsequently evaluated.

Effects of traditional Thai folk dance combined with cognitive stimulation program on behavior and cognition among older adults with cognitive decline: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Older adults with mild behavioral impairment (MBI) are at the higher risk of developing dementia compared to those without MBI, leading to decreased quality of life (QoL). Addressing MBI in older adults provides valuable opportunities to prevent dementia.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of traditional Thai folk dance combined with a cognitive stimulation program on MBI, QoL, subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and cognitive functioning in older Thai adults.

Roll out and prospects of the malaria vaccine R21/Matrix-M.

In this Perspective article, Lorenz von Seidlein outlines the promise of two malaria vaccines, and discusses some of the considerations for their roll out.

DNA damage response mutations enhance the antitumor efficacy of ATR and PARP inhibitors in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary tract carcinoma that is challenging to treat due to its heterogeneity and limited treatment options. Genetic alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways and homologous recombination (HR) defects are common in CCA. This has prompted interest in the use of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to treat CCA.

Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Risk After Catheter Ablation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) is well-established. However, data on the impact of RA on AF recurrence postcatheter ablation (CA) remain unclear. This current study aimed to assess the impact of RA on AF recurrence after catheter-based pulmonary vein isolation.