A Prospective, Observational, Open-Label, Non-comparative, Multi-center Study for the Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Levonadifloxacin (Intravenous and Oral) in Patients With Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia.

Background Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) is associated with a substantial healthcare burden. The emergence of multi-drug resistance in  is becoming an increasing concern in the management of CABP. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of levonadifloxacin in the treatment of CABP, focusing on both oral and intravenous (IV) therapy.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

Exploring the regulatory role of small RNAs in modulating host-pathogen interactions: implications for bacterial and viral infections.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and transfer RNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) have emerged as crucial players in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in various cellular processes, including immunity and host defense against infections. In recent years, increasing evidence has highlighted their complex role in influencing the host response during viral and bacterial infections. miRNAs have been shown to play multiple roles in host-pathogen interaction like TLR activation and altered disease virulence during bacterial infections.

Cardiovascular wellness in low-resource settings: A mobile app-based risk prediction study among fuel filling station employees in Puducherry district.

Background: India is witnessing a significant increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and addressing this requires a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach. The burden of NCDs puts a strain on the healthcare system, requiring an increased focus on preventive measures, early detection, and management of chronic conditions. Adopting a risk-based approach to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in resource-poor settings offers several economic and social advantages.

Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool - Tamil (OKAT-T) in postmenopausal women: A validity and reliability study.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a silent disease that is more prevalent among postmenopausal women (PMW) due to hormonal transition. Various toolkits, including the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT), were available for the knowledge assessment. The Osteoporosis-related knowledge is crucial for preventing osteoporosis, but there is no validated, reliable questionnaire in Tamil to measure this knowledge.

Isolated third cranial nerve palsy in benign idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is marked by increased intracranial pressure without any accompanying evidence of clinical, imaging or laboratory findings of intracranial pathology. In addition to headache, nausea and vomiting, typical symptoms might also include diplopia, photophobia and blurred vision. Third nerve palsy is rarely linked to IIH, although sixth nerve palsy is reported in the majority of individuals with IIH.

Retrospective Audit of Transfusion Reactions in a Tertiary-Care Hospital in South India.

Background: Blood transfusion is a double-edged sword, as it is a life-saving intervention but is also associated with various adverse reactions. However, blood transfusion safety can be improved by identifying these adverse reactions and taking appropriate interventions. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the frequency and type of transfusion reactions occurring among in-patients at our hospital, as reported to our institute's blood center.

Prevalence of economic violence among the geriatric population and their knowledge and utilization of social security schemes in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu.

Context: Economic independence is an important factor in the prevention of violence among the elderly. Optimal utilization of various social security schemes in India helps them in achieving financial independence and proper utilization of health care services. However, there is a knowledge and service utilization gap among the elderly in our population.

Diagnostic accuracy of Gorelick 10 point scale in comparison to IMCI scale in identifying significant dehydration in South Indian children? - A prospective observational study.

Background: Unavoidable cause of mortality among under 5 children in India is dehydration resulting from acute diarrhoeal diseases. In spite of various dehydration scales available across the world, the most commonly used dehydration scale in India is IMCI. Gorelick 10 point scale having more clinical indicators could also be considered using if the diagnostic accuracy of the scale in identifying the significant dehydration is in par with that of IMCI scale.

Corneal endothelial cell loss with different techniques of nucleus delivery in Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery- Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To compare corneal endothelial loss in manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) following three different techniques of nucleus delivery (Viscoexpression, Irrigating Vectis, Phacosandwich).

Setting: Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.

Design: Prospective, single blinded, randomized controlled trial.

Climate change and contagion: the emerging threat of zoonotic diseases in Africa.

This article investigates the escalating occurrence of zoonotic diseases in Africa, attributing their spread to climate change and human activities. Africa's unique combination of biodiversity, reliance on animal husbandry, and swift urbanization heightens its susceptibility. Climate change disrupts ecosystems and animal habitats, intensifying human-wildlife interactions.

Factors associated with help-seeking by women facing intimate partner violence in India: findings from National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021).

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has harmful effects on their psychological and physical health. However, help-seeking for IPV is significantly low among women in the Indian context. This study examines the different factors that influence help-seeking behaviour among women in India.

Anthropometric Indices as a Predictive Screening Tool for Hypertension among Young Indian Adults.

Background: High blood pressure (BP) is increasing at an alarming rate in India and is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Increasing obesity is one of the risk factors for the increasing trend in hypertension among young adults.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the comparative abilities of anthropometric indices of general and central obesity in predicting hypertension among apparently healthy young adults.

PHILOS (Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System) Plating vs MultiLoc Nailing in Proximal Humerus Fracture: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Radiological and Functional Outcomes.

Proximal humeral fractures, predominantly affecting the elderly, pose significant treatment challenges due to the complex anatomy of the shoulder joint and variability in bone quality. MultiLoc nails (Synthes USA Products, West Chester, USA) are the latest construct, and PHILOS (Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System, (Synthes USA Products, West Chester, USA)) plates are the earlier construct used for the fixation of proximal humerus fractures. This systematic review aims to provide a comparison of MultiLoc nails and PHILOS plates, focusing on their effectiveness, safety, and patient outcomes.

Evaluation of Thyroid Function and Its Relation to Glycemic Status in Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent complication during pregnancy that can lead to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. It also increases the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life. Thyroid hormones play an essential role in regulating growth and metabolism and often coexist with diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting glucose metabolism.

A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Intravenous Palonosetron Versus a Combination of Ondansetron and Dexamethasone as Prophylaxis for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Surgeries.

Background: The most troublesome complaint after general anaesthesia and surgery, especially laparoscopic surgeries, is postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We routinely use pharmacologic prophylaxis to prevent PONV. In patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures, we assessed the effectiveness of palonosetron compared to ondansetron combined with dexamethasone in preventing the incidence of PONV.

Understanding Radiology Discrepancies: A Case Cross-Sectional CT Study in a Tertiary Care Setting.

Introduction:  In modern healthcare, computed tomography (CT) is essential for diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions, particularly in emergency settings where timely evaluation of critical areas such as the brain, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis is crucial. However, the increasing reliance on provisional reports generated by postgraduates during on-call hours introduces challenges, as discrepancies often arise between these initial reports and final assessments by senior radiologists. These discrepancies can affect patient outcomes, particularly in complex cases, underscoring the need for studies that evaluate the patterns and clinical relevance of discrepancies across multiple CT modalities.

Severity prediction markers in dengue: a prospective cohort study using machine learning approach.

Background: Dengue virus causes illnesses with or without warning indicators for severe complications. There are no clear prognostic signs linked to the disease outcomes.

Methods: Clinical and laboratory parameters among 102 adult including 17 severe dengue (SD), 33 with warning and 52 without warning signs during early and critical phases were analysed by statistical and machine learning (ML) models.