Variability of apparent diffusion coefficients in metastatic small cell lung carcinoma: comparisons between-within normal tissue and liver metastases.

In recent years, the use of diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) has increased for the diagnosis of focal liver lesions (FLLs). DW-MRI may help in the differentiation of benign and malignant FLLs by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Unfortunately, liver metastases present different histopathologic features with variable MRI signals within each lesion; this histologic variability explains the intra- and inter-lesion variations of ADC measurements.

3T MRI and 128-slice dual-source CT cisternography images of the cranial nerves a brief pictorial review for clinicians.

There is a broad community of health sciences professionals interested in the anatomy of the cranial nerves (CNs): specialists in neurology, neurosurgery, radiology, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, maxillofacial surgery, radiation oncology, and emergency medicine, as well as other related fields. Advances in neuroimaging using high-resolution images from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) have made highly-detailed visualization of brain structures possible, allowing normal findings to be routinely assessed and nervous system pathology to be detected. In this article we present an integrated perspective of the normal anatomy of the CNs established by radiologists and neurosurgeons in order to provide a practical imaging review, which combines 128-slice dual-source multiplanar images from CT cisternography and 3T MR curved reconstructed images.

Main effect and interactions of brain regions and gender in the calculation of volumetric asymmetry indices in healthy human brains: ANCOVA analyses of in vivo 3T MRI data.

Introduction: Macroanatomical right-left hemispheric differences in the brain are termed asymmetries, although there is no clear information on the global influence of gender and brain-regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main effects and interactions of these variables on the measurement of volumetric asymmetry indices (VAIs).

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven healthy young-adult volunteers (23 males, 24 females) agreed to undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging in a 3T scanner.

Gender and age groups interactions in the quantification of bone marrow fat content in lumbar spine using 3T MR spectroscopy: a multivariate analysis of covariance (Mancova).

Introduction: There is an age-related conversion of red to yellow bone marrow in the axial skeleton, with a gender-related difference less well established. Our purpose was to clarify the variability of bone marrow fat fraction (FF) in the lumbar spine due to the interaction of gender and age groups.

Methods: 44 healthy volunteers (20 males, 30-65 years old and 24 females, 30-69 years old) underwent 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and conventional MRI examination of the lumbar spine; single-voxel spectrum was acquired for each vertebral body (VB).

Feasibility of in vivo quantitative magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion weighted imaging, T2-weighted relaxometry, and diffusion tensor imaging in a clinical 3 tesla magnetic resonance scanner for the acute traumatic spinal cord injury of rats: technical note.

Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.

Objective: To verify the feasibility of performing in vivo quantitative magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of moderate traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats using a clinical 3T scanner.

Summary Of Background Data: Animal models of human diseases are essential for translational medicine.

Neuroanatomy of episodic and semantic memory in humans: a brief review of neuroimaging studies.

One of the most basic functions in every individual and species is memory. Memory is the process by which information is saved as knowledge and retained for further use as needed. Learning is a neurobiological phenomenon by which we acquire certain information from the outside world and is a precursor to memory.

Diagnostic performance of regional DTI-derived tensor metrics in glioblastoma multiforme: simultaneous evaluation of p, q, L, Cl, Cp, Cs, RA, RD, AD, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy.

Objectives: Almost a dozen diffusion tensor-imaging (DTI) variables have been used to evaluate brain tumours with scarce information about their diagnostic ability. We aimed to perform a comprehensive evaluation of tensor metrics reported in the last decade.

Methods: Retrospective case control study performed in 14 patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and 28 controls.

Diffusion tensor imaging-derived measures of fractional anisotropy across the pyramidal tract are influenced by the cerebral hemisphere but not by gender in young healthy volunteers: a split-plot factorial analysis of variance.

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) permits quantitative examination within the pyramidal tract (PT) by measuring fractional anisotropy (FA). To the best of our knowledge, the inter-variability measures of FA along the PT remain unexplained. A clear understanding of these reference values would help radiologists and neuroscientists to understand normality as well as to detect early pathophysiologic changes of brain diseases.

Secondary MRI-findings, volumetric and spectroscopic measurements in mesial temporal sclerosis: a multivariate discriminant analysis.

Introduction: Primary- and secondary MR findings, volumetric measurements and MR spectroscopy data of each hippocampus represent more a dozen of variables that radiologists should consider in a quantitative MR report of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). There is a paucity of data about the significance of secondary MR findings simultaneously evaluated with volumetry and MR spectroscopy. We analyzed the influence of qualitative-secondary MR findings simultaneously with quantitative (volumetry and spectroscopy) data in MRI positive- and negative patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).

Diagnostic performance of PWI/DWI MRI parameters in discriminating hyperacute versus acute ischaemic stroke: finding the best thresholds.

Aim: To determine the accuracy of the perfusion/diffusion-weighted imaging (PWI/DWI) parameters [time to peak (TTP), mean time to peak (MTT), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) maps]; in the evaluation of acute versus hyperacute ischaemic stroke.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-five patients with symptomatic hyperacute (first 6h) or acute (7-24h) ischaemic stroke underwent diffusion and perfusion evaluation. Statistical analysis included Student's t-test, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), TTP, MTT, CBV, and CBF; correlation, linear, and logistic regression analysis.

In vivo 3T spectroscopic quantification of liver fat content in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Correlation with biochemical method and morphometry.

Background & Aims: The clinical application of liver fat quantification has increased in recent years, paralleling the epidemic increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this study was to perform a diagnostic evaluation of spectroscopy by comparing its measurement of total lipid content with that from liver biopsies and morphometry in normal subjects and patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods: Patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis underwent 3T MR cholangiography with spectroscopic quantification of TLC.

Imaging techniques for assessing hepatic fat content in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an emerging clinical entity with worldwide recognition, is today the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests among adults in the United States. In Mexico City, its prevalence has been reported by our group to be around 14%, but its incidence is higher in the hispanic population in the United States (hispanic population 45%, white population 33%, black population 24%). The main issues in the diagnosis, follow-up, and management of NAFLD are our limited understanding of its pathophysiology and the difficulties involved in developing a noninvasive diagnostic method.

Tomographic findings in traumatic globe evulsion caused by blunt head trauma.

Evulsion of the globe as a result of trauma is a rarity; to the best of our knowledge, only four "evulsions of the globe" have been described. We present the case of a 35-year-old Hispanic woman with traumatic evulsion of the right eye and subarachnoid haemorrhage. The management of brain injury was the priority over preservation of globe structures.

Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma: a review.

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH) and Hepatic Adenoma (HA) are a benign tumors of the liver. The association with the use of oral contraception in women in middle age has been mentioned. This benign liver tumors are relatively rare lesions and are usually unrelated to subjective symptoms.

Hepatocellular carcinoma. An overview.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common malignancy affecting approximately one million people around the world every year. The incidence is low in the occidental world and high in locations such as Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Hepatocellular carcinoma primarily affects old people, reaching its highest prevalence among those aged 65 to 69 years old.