Risk Factors for Ureteral Damage in Ureteroscopic stone Treatment: Results of the German Prospective Multicentre Benchmarks of Ureterorenoscopic Stone Treatment-Results in Terms of Complications, Quality of Life, and Stone-Free Rates Project.

Background: The Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale (PULS) is a validated, standardised scale that classifies iatrogenic ureteral lesions during ureteroscopy (URS).

Objective: To determine risk factors for the various PULS-grades caused by URS.

Method: We prospectively investigated the independent influence of various risk factors in correlation with PULS-Grade 1+ and 2+ on 307 patients with ureterorenoscopic stone treatment from 14 German urologic departments.

Impact of thoracic epidural analgesia on blood loss in radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Introduction: Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) is associated with an increased risk of intraoperative blood loss and the necessity of transfusions. This prospective randomised clinical study evaluates the influence of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) on blood loss in RRP.

Materials And Methods: 235 patients were randomised: TEA in group 1 (n = 116; general anaesthesia + TEA) comprised continuous administration of 0.