Bioarchaeology aids the cultural understanding of six characters in search of their agency (Tarquinia, ninth-seventh century BC, central Italy).

Etruria contained one of the great early urban civilisations in the Italian peninsula during the first millennium BC, much studied from a cultural, humanities-based, perspective, but relatively little with scientific data, and rarely in combination. We have addressed the unusual location of twenty inhumations found in the sacred heart of the Etruscan city of Tarquinia, focusing on six of these as illustrative, contrasting with the typical contemporary cremations found in cemeteries on the edge of the city. The cultural evidence suggests that the six skeletons were also distinctive in their ritualization and memorialisation.

As cancer grows old.

Mutations trace the evolution of an ancient tumor lineage.

Winter is coming: the future of cryopreservation.

The preservative effects of low temperature on biological materials have been long recognised, and cryopreservation is now widely used in biomedicine, including in organ transplantation, regenerative medicine and drug discovery. The lack of organs for transplantation constitutes a major medical challenge, stemming largely from the inability to preserve donated organs until a suitable recipient is found. Here, we review the latest cryopreservation methods and applications.

Exploration and mortification: Fragile infrastructures, imperial narratives, and the self-sufficiency of British naval "discovery" vessels, 1760-1815.

Eighteenth-century naval ships were impressive infrastructures, but subjected to extraordinary strain. To assist with their "voyage repairs," the Royal Navy gradually established numerous overseas bases, displaying the power, reach, and ruthless logistical efficiency of the British state. This article, however, is concerned with what happened where no such bases (yet) existed, in parts of the world falling in between areas of direct British administration, control, or influence.

The economic burden of cancer care for Syrian refugees: a population-based modelling study.

Background: Cancer represents a substantial health burden for refugees and host countries. However, no reliable data on the costs of cancer care for refugees are available, which limits the planning of official development assistance in humanitarian settings. We aimed to model the direct costs of cancer care among Syrian refugee populations residing in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey.

Correction to: Informal healthcare provision in Lebanon: an adaptive mechanism among displaced Syrian health professionals in a protracted crisis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13031-019-0224-y.].

Informal healthcare provision in Lebanon: an adaptive mechanism among displaced Syrian health professionals in a protracted crisis.

Background: Syrian healthcare workers (HCWs) are among those who fled the Syrian conflict only to face further social and economic challenges in host countries. In Lebanon, this population group cannot formally practice, yet many are believed to be operating informally. These activities remain poorly documented and misunderstood by the academic, policy and humanitarian communities.

Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe.

Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East.

Evaluating the effect of metronidazole plus amoxicillin-clavulanate versus amoxicillin-clavulanate alone in canine haemorrhagic diarrhoea: a randomised controlled trial in primary care practice.

Objectives: To investigate the benefit of supplementing amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy with metronidazole in dogs presenting to a primary care veterinary practice with severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea.

Materials And Methods: Prospective randomised blinded trial on dogs presenting with haemorrhagic diarrhoea of less than 3 days duration to a primary care veterinary hospital and also requiring intravenous fluid therapy. Cases were randomised to receive either metronidazole or saline, in addition to standard supportive therapy consisting of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, intravenous fluid therapy, buprenorphine and omeprazole.

New viruses associated with canine gastroenteritis.

A number of novel viruses have been associated with canine gastroenteritis in recent years, from viral families as diverse as Caliciviridae and Picornaviridae to Parvoviridae and Circoviridae. The ability of many of these viruses to cause disease is uncertain, but epidemiological studies are continually adding to our knowledge of these potential pathogens. This review presents a summary of the latest research and current understanding of novel viruses associated with canine gastroenteritis.

Treatment of open upper limb injuries with infection prevention and negative pressure wound therapy: a systematic review.

Objective: Open upper limb injuries requiring soft reconstruction can pose a dilemma for trauma surgeons when considering the treatment options. The British Orthopaedic Association and British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons Standard for Trauma (BOAST) have addressed the management of severe open lower limb fractures with the creation of the BOAST 4 guidelines. However, no such gold standard exists for the treatment of open injuries of the upper limb.

Affinity-Guided Oxime Chemistry for Selective Protein Acylation in Live Tissue Systems.

Catalyst-mediated protein modification is a powerful approach for the imaging and engineering of natural proteins. We have previously developed affinity-guided 4-dimethylaminopyridine (AGD) chemistry as an efficient protein modification method using a catalytic acyl transfer reaction. However, because of the high electrophilicity of the thioester acyl donor molecule, AGD chemistry suffers from nonspecific reactions to proteins other than the target protein in crude biological environments, such as cell lysates, live cells, and tissue samples.

The Need for an Implant Identification Card at Airport Security Check.

Background: Joint replacement surgery is having an increasing demand as national healthcare systems confront an ever ageing population. Surgical complications associated with lower limb arthroplasty are well known but less investigation has been performed examining its effect on air travel, more specifically, unwanted and significant inconvenience caused to travelers going through airport security.

Methods: In lower limb arthroplasty clinics, 50 patients who met our selection criteria were given questionnaires.

Structural connectivity in a paediatric case of anarchic hand syndrome.

Background: "Anarchic hand" is a rare condition characterised by non-volitional, goal-directed movements of one arm. We report a case with analysis of structural and functional connectivity.

Case Presentation: A 15 year old girl developed intermittent symptoms of intermanual conflict or anarchic hand as a result of traumatic brain injury during which she sustained a callosal bleed.

The comorbidity between bipolar disorder and ADHD in a young adult: a focus on impulsivity.

Impulsivity is a complex behavioural feature of many psychiatric disorders, in particular of risk-taking behaviour, and is an important determinant of personality. Both ADHD and bipolar disorder express features of impulsivity. The concept of having two or more simultaneous psychiatric conditions is an increasingly recognised concept in the field of psychiatry, and is important clinically for management and prognosis.

Adolescent avulsion injuries of the pelvis: a case study and review of the literature.

Avulsion fractures of the pelvic apophyses are a result of repetitive strain injuries or sudden, forceful eccentric or concentric contractions of corresponding muscle groups in the leg. Using a case study approach, we present the clinical and radiological features, and management of a 14-year-old boy who presented to our hospital with an avulsion fracture of the anterior inferior iliac spine. The literature on the subject, along with the management of the condition, is reviewed and presented.

Nonoperative treatment of humeral shaft fractures revisited.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the union rate of humeral shaft fractures treated nonoperatively and to establish whether a particular fracture type is more likely to go on to nonunion.

Methods: Radiographs and patient records of 207 humeral shaft fractures occurring during 5 years were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were initially managed nonoperatively and placed in a U-slab on diagnosis in the emergency department; this was converted to a functional humeral brace at 7 to 10 days after injury.