Strategies to Overcome Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to Chemoradiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer.

Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a cornerstone of treatment for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). Research is ongoing on how to improve the tumor response to treatment and limit normal tissue toxicity. A major limitation in that regard is the growing occurrence of intrinsic or acquired treatment resistance in advanced cases.

Self-Reported Delayed Adverse Events and Flare Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease (AIRD) in Malaysia: Results From the COVAD-2 Study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of self-reported delayed adverse events (DAEs), major AEs, and flares following COVID-19 vaccinations among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs) in Malaysia.

Methodology: An electronically validated survey from the COVID-19 vaccination in autoimmune diseases (COVAD) study group was distributed in July 2021 to patients with autoimmune diseases and healthy controls (HCs). The survey collected data on DAEs (any AE that persisted or occurred after 7 days of vaccination), any early or delayed major adverse events (MAEs), and flares following COVID-19 vaccination.

Beyond the Surface: Tracing the Evolution of Inflammatory Mechanism in Depression through Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: Depression is a common mental illness that has become a major economic burden worldwide. Recently, increasing evidence has highlighted the inflammatory mechanism of depression. In order to understand the research status of this field, this study used the bibliometric analysis method to overview the research content and progress, as well as analyze the development trend and limitations.

Biomarkers.

Background: The Spatial Pattern of Abnormality for REcognition of Alzheimer's Disease (SPARE-AD) index ∖citep{davatzikos2009longitudinal} is one such marker that robustly discriminates between early brain changes observed in cognitively normal aging (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) phenotypes. The adoption of such markers to the clinical setting combined with the ability to forecast their future trajectories would be of great value during clinical assessment, and could improve clinical trial design through targeted risk stratification.

Method: Subjects scanned using the same scanner with more than four longitudinal MRI acquisitions from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) study cohorts were used for method development.

Antigenic Imprinting Dominates Humoral Responses to New Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in a Hamster Model of COVID-19.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants escaping immunity challenges the efficacy of current vaccines. Here, we investigated humoral recall responses and vaccine-mediated protection in Syrian hamsters immunized with the third-generation Comirnaty Omicron XBB.1.

Long-Term Predictive Modelling of the Craniofacial Complex Using Machine Learning on 2D Cephalometric Radiographs.

Objective: This study aimed to predict long-term growth-related changes in skeletal and dental relationships within the craniofacial complex using machine learning (ML) models.

Materials And Methods: Cephalometric radiographs from 301 subjects, taken at pre-pubertal (T1, age 11) and post-pubertal stages (T2, age 18), were analysed. Three ML models-Lasso regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Regression (SVR)-were trained on a subset of 240 subjects, while 61 subjects were used for testing.

Robust kinetics estimation from kinematics via direct collocation.

Introduction: Accurate joint moment analysis is essential in biomechanics, and the integration of direct collocation with markerless motion capture offers a promising approach for its estimation. However, markerless motion capture can introduce varying degrees of error in tracking trajectories. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the direct collocation method in estimating kinetics when joint trajectory data are impacted by noise.

Immune-inflammatory effects of the multicomponent intervention FIBROWALK in outdoor and online formats for patients with fibromyalgia.

The multicomponent intervention FIBROWALK integrates pain science education (PSE), therapeutic exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and mindfulness training for treating fibromyalgia (FM). This study investigated the effects of the FIBROWALK in online (FIBRO-On) and outdoor (FIBRO-Out) formats compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU) on core clinical variables along with serum immune-inflammatory biomarkers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, the predictive value of these biomarkers on clinical response to FIBROWALK was also evaluated.

Rethinking BCC diagnosis: Automating concept-specific detection of BCC in dermatoscopic images.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a prevalent type of skin cancer in which the inherent subjectivity of dermoscopy poses diagnostic challenges. Existing AI systems, which provide mainly image-level insights, lack the interpretability that is crucial for effective clinical decisions and patient education.

Patients And Methods: Our study developed a refined BCC dataset from the Human‒Machine Adversarial Model (HAM10000), which was annotated by clinicians to identify key diagnostic features.

Are abnormalities in lipid metabolism, together with adverse childhood experiences, the silent causes of immune-linked neurotoxicity in major depression?

Background: Severe or recurring major depression is associated with increased adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), heightened atherogenicity, and immune-linked neurotoxicity (INT). Nevertheless, the interconnections among these variables in outpatient major depression (OMDD) have yet to be determined. We aim to determine the correlations among INT, atherogenicity, and ACEs in OMDD patients compared to normal controls.

A retrospective review of infant-inducible laryngeal obstruction a subtype of paradoxical vocal fold motion: Evaluation and management.

Introduction: There is a paucity of literature on pre-adolescent paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM), PVFM is a sub-type of inducible laryngeal obstruction. Studies typically focus on older patients, however the discovery of this entity in pre-adolescent pediatric patients has led to more questions about how this entity manifests differently and is treated differently in younger populations. Initially considered psychosomatic and commonly mistaken for asthma, PVFM etiology is now thought to be associated underlying neurologic conditions and may have irritant triggers with proposed mechanisms related to laryngeal hypersensitivity.

Multi-center experience with an off-the-shelf single retrograde thoracic branch endoprosthesis for acute aortic pathology.

Objectives: The thoracic branch endoprosthesis (TBE®, WL Gore, Flagstaff AZ) offers an off-the-shelf single option for thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of aortic arch pathology with sealing in zones 0-2. This study reports the early outcomes of TBE®-TEVAR for acute indications.

Methods: Clinical data, imaging, and outcomes of patients treated with TBE®-TEVAR at seven institutions were retrospectively reviewed (March 2017- March 2024).

A prospective, multi-center post-marketing surveillance cohort study to monitor the safety of the recombinant zoster vaccine in Chinese adults ≥50 years of age.

This post-marketing surveillance study evaluated the safety of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in Chinese adults, given the limited country-specific safety data accumulated since the 2019 licensure of RZV in China for adults ≥ 50 years of age (YOA). This descriptive, prospective cohort study enrolled adults ≥ 50 YOA who voluntarily received RZV per routine clinical practice in six centers in China. The primary outcomes were occurrence, intensity, and causal relationship to vaccination of medically attended adverse events (MAEs) within 30 days post-any dose.

Impact of porcine respiratory disease complex on carcass weight and meatiness: quantitative insights from a mixed-model analysis.

Background: Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) significantly impacts the swine industry worldwide, leading to economic losses due to poor growth performance, reduced feed efficiency, higher medication costs, and adversely affecting pig welfare by causing clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, loss of appetite, lethargy, and dyspnea. Cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) and pleuritis are the most frequent macroscopic lung lesions observed in PRDC and are indicators of decreased animal welfare. This study aimed to quantify the effects of CVPC and pleurisy on carcass weight, meatiness, and average daily carcass weight gain (ADCWG) in fattening pigs, thereby assessing their impact on both production and welfare.

Using a causal decomposition approach to estimate the contribution of employment to differences in mental health profiles between men and women.

Background: Mental health disorders are known to manifest differently in men and women, however our understanding of how gender interacts with mental health and well-being as a broader construct remains limited. Employment is a key determinant of mental health and there are historical differences in occupational roles among men and women that continue to influence working lives (Bonde, 2008; Cabezas-Rodríguez, Utzet, & Bacigalupe, 2021; Drolet, 2022; Gedikli, Miraglia, Connolly, Bryan, & Watson, 2023; Moyser, 2017; Niedhammer, Bertrais, & Witt, 2021; Stier & Yaish, 2014; Van der Doef & Maes, 1999). This study aims to explore differences in multidimensional mental health between men and women, and to quantify how these differences may change if women had the same employment characteristics as men.

Machine learning in predicting cauda equina imaging outcomes- a solution to the problem.

Purpose: Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) is a rare surgical emergency. The implications for loss of quality of life through delayed management are high, though no clinical symptom is pathognomonic in its diagnosis. We describe how machine learning based algorithms can be used in triaging patients with suspected CES (CES-S).

Design and Implementation of a Dashboard for Drug Interactions Mediated by Cytochromes Using a Health Care Data Warehouse in a University Hospital Center: Development Study.

Background: The enzymatic system of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a group of enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs present in the liver. Literature records instances of underdosing of drugs due to the concurrent administration of another drug that strongly induces the same cytochrome for which the first drug is a substrate and overdosing due to strong inhibition. IT solutions have been proposed to raise awareness among prescribers to mitigate these interactions.

Generation of Biologically Contained Marburg Virus.

Wild-type Marburg virus (MARV) can only be handled in biosafety level 4 facilities. By removing an essential gene from the virus genome, deficient virus particles can be generated that are only capable of replication if the missing gene product is provided in trans. As a result, these viruses are restricted to specific cell lines, making them safe to handle at lower biosafety levels.

Collaborative Outcomes Study on Health and Functioning During Infection Times (COH-FIT): Global and Risk-Group Stratified Course of Well-Being and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adolescents.

Objective: To identify the COVID-19 pandemic impact on well-being/mental health, coping strategies, and risk factors in adolescents worldwide.

Method: This study was based on an anonymous online multi-national/multi-language survey in the general population (representative/weighted non-representative samples, 14-17 years of age), measuring change in well-being (World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index [WHO-5]/range = 0-100) and psychopathology (validated composite P-score/range = 0-100), WHO-5 <50 and <29, pre- vs during COVID-19 pandemic (April 26, 2020-June 26, 2022). Coping strategies and 9 a priori- defined individual/cumulative risk factors were measured.

Iron metabolism dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders: Implications for therapeutic intervention.

Iron is a trace metal that takes part in the maintenance of body homeostasis by, for instance, aiding in energy production and immunity. A body of evidence now demonstrates that dysfunction in iron metabolism can have detrimental effects and is intricately associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), anxiety, and schizophrenia. For instance, changes in serum and central nervous system (CNS) levels of iron and in proteins mediating iron metabolism have been documented in patients grappling with the aforementioned diseases.