Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Property of Thai Herbal Extract Kerra™.

Kerra™, a Thai traditional herbal medicine derived from the "Tak-Ka-Si-La Scripture" and composed of nine medicinal plants, has demonstrated potential antiviral properties against HIV. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of Kerra™ on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and its ability to prevent pseudo-HIV viral infection in HEK293 cells. The results showed that Kerra™ extract achieved a 95.

Phytochemistry of Medicinal Herbs Belongs to Asclepiadaceae Family for Therapeutic Applications: A Critical Review.

The world of pharmaceutical research has been increasingly turning its gaze toward the treasure trove of natural products in search of novel drugs and therapeutic agents. Amidst the vast array of medicinal plants that dot our planet, the Asclepiadaceae family unexplored species have piqued the interest of researchers. Both medicinal plants are indigenous to specific regions and have been integral to traditional medicine systems for centuries.

Properties of essential oils absorbed on the surface of cardboard pieces after using atmospheric-pressure plasma treatments to develop long-lasting Varroa miticides in honeybees (Apis mellifera).

The ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor is the most serious widespread pest of managed honeybees (Apis mellifera). Several acaricide products, which include essential oils, have been proposed for mite control. In this study, we aimed to apply atmospheric-pressure plasma to modify a cardboard piece surface in order to prolong the delivery of essential oils for controlling Varroa in honeybee colonies.

Atmospheric non-thermal plasma inactivation of Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee.

Ascosphaera apis is a worldwide pathogenic fungi of honeybees that can cause a decline in bee populations. In this study, we investigated the antifungal activity of non-thermal plasma on fungal growth. Spore inactivation after exposure to gas plasma by liquid phase and plasma activated water (PAW) and pathogenicity of A.

The Inhibitory Effect of Kerra, KS, and Minoza on Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer.

: Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of frequently found cancers in Thailand. One of the causative agents is the infection of the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18. Traditional medicines are rich sources of bioactive compounds which are a valuable source for the development of novel cancer therapies.

Biochemical and structural comparisons of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against feline and human immunodeficiency viruses.

Background: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) causes an acquired immunodeficiency-like syndrome in cats. FIV is latent. No effective treatment has been developed for treatment the infected cats.

Actinomycins from Soil-Inhabiting as Sources of Antibacterial Pigments for Silk Dyeing.

Actinobacteria produce a broad spectrum of bioactive substances that are used in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnology industries. This study investigates the production of bioactive substances in , isolated from soil under five tropical plants, focusing on their potential as natural antibacterial dyes for silk fabrics. Out of 194 isolates, 44 produced pigments on broken rice as a solid substrate culture.

Crystal structure and identification of amino acid residues for catalysis and binding of GH3 AnBX β-xylosidase from Aspergillus niger.

β-Xylosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharides to xylose in the final step of hemicellulose degradation. AnBX, which is a GH3 β-xylosidase from Aspergillus niger, has a high catalytic efficiency toward xyloside substrates. In this study, we report the three-dimensional structure and the identification of catalytic and substrate binding residues of AnBX by performing site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic analysis, and NMR spectroscopy-associated analysis of the azide rescue reaction.

Microbial community profiling and culturing reveal functional groups of bacteria associated with Thai commercial stingless worker bees (Tetragonula pagdeni).

Stingless bees play a crucial role in the environment and agriculture as they are effective pollinators. Furthermore, they can produce various products that can be exploited economically, such as propolis and honey. Despite their economic value, the knowledge of microbial community of stingless bees, and their roles on the bees' health, especially in Thailand, are in its infancy.

Different Effects of Reactive Species Generated from Chemical Donors on Seed Germination, Growth, and Chemical Contents of L.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) play an important role as signaling molecules in redox reactions throughout a plant life cycle. The purpose of this study was to assess how hydrogen peroxide (HO), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generated from sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and sodium nitrite, affects the germination, growth, and chemical contents of two rice cultivars (Pathum Tani and Sanpatong). The results showed that RNS generated from chemical donors and, especially, HO, enhanced the germination of the studied rice cultivars.

Preliminary Survey of Pathogens in the Asian Honey Bee () in Thailand.

Widespread parasites, along with emerging threats, globalization, and climate change, have greatly affected honey bees' health, leading to colony losses worldwide. In this study, we investigated the detection of biotic stressors (i.e.

Natural extracts as potential control agents for Nosema ceranae infection in honeybees, Apis mellifera.

Nosema disease is one factor that can cause colony decline in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) worldwide. Nosema ceranae has outcompeted Nosema apis in the Western honeybee (A.

Effect of heat-moisture treatment of germinated black rice on the physicochemical properties and its utilization by lactic acid bacteria.

The heat susceptibility of starch granule structure has been considering as significant limitation of germinated black rice (GBR) using in food processing industry. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the physicochemical and antioxidation property as well as its effect on the probiotics of GBR by heat moisture treatment (HMT). Black rice germinated at 37.

Anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase property of some edible mushrooms in Asia.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a serious health threat worldwide. One of its core enzymes, reverse transcriptase (RT), is a target for HIV inhibition. A number of bioactive compounds have been successfully used for HIV treatment.

Appropriateness of waste jasmine flower for bioethanol conversion with enzymatic hydrolysis: sustainable development on green fuel production.

Utilized and waste jasmine flower contains a high portion of organic carbohydrate and other organic acids, making it a suitable substrate for bioethanol production. This study was designed to estimate the prospective of waste jasmine flower biomass applied with chemical (alkaline) and thermal pretreatment applied on samples through bioethanol production efficiencies. Therefore, pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis are directed to disrupt the complex cell wall layer and improve the accessibility towards polysaccharide fraction.

Anti-feline immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase properties of some medicinal and edible mushrooms.

Background And Aim: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) causes AIDS-like symptoms in domestic and wild cats. Treatment of infected cats has been performed using human anti-HIV drugs, which showed some limitations. This study aimed to determine the anti-FIV potential of some mushrooms.

Impact of Sacbrood Virus on Larval Microbiome of and .

In this study, we examined the impact of Sacbrood virus (SBV), the cause of larval honeybee () death, producing a liquefied a larva sac, on the gut bacterial communities on two larval honeybee species, and . SBV was added into a worker jelly food mixture and bee larvae were grafted into each of the treatment groups for 24 h before DNA/RNA extraction. Confirmation of SBV infection was achieved using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and visual symptomology.

Simultaneous nitrogen fixation and ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis.

This work reports on production of ethanol with simultaneous fixing of nitrogen (N) using the anaerobic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis DSM 473. A batch fermentation with an initial glucose concentration of 50 g L, an initial pH of ∼5.5, an inoculum size of 10% by volume and a N feeding rate of 50 mL min without mechanical agitation was found to provide the highest ethanol productivity (0.

Plant Disease Control by Non-Thermal Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma.

Disease stresses caused by pathogenic microorganisms are increasing, probably because of global warming. Conventional technologies for plant disease control have often revealed their limitations in efficiency, environmental safety, and economic costs. There is high demand for improvements in efficiency and safety.

Effects of heat and shallot ( L.) supplementation on nutritional quality and enzymatic browning of apple juice.

This study investigated the effects of shallot ( L.) supplementation on improved nutritional quality and browning index of apple juice, specifically by comparing between heated (96 °C, 30 min) and unheated apple juice. The results showed that total soluble solid, phenolic content, flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activities of heated and unheated apple juice, significantly (< 0.

Two new species of the ant genus Emery, 1893 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Thailand.

Emery, 1893 is a small myrmicine genus of the tribe Crematogastrini. Seventeen species of the genus have been recorded from Southeast Asia. Herein, two new species from Thailand ( and ) are added to this genus.

Chemical and cultural control of Tropilaelaps mercedesae mites in honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies in Northern Thailand.

At least two parasitic mites have moved from Asian species of honeybees to infest Apis mellifera. Of these two, Varroa destructor is more widespread globally while Tropilaelaps mercedesae has remained largely in Asia. Tropilaelaps mites are most problematic when A.

Personal inhalation exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitro-derivatives in rural residents in northern Thailand.

A personal inhalation exposure and cancer risk assessment of rural residents in Lampang, Thailand, was conducted for the first time. This highlighted important factors that may be associated with the highest areal incidence of lung cancer. Personal exposure of rural residents to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitro-derivatives (NPAHs) through inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM) was investigated in addition to stationary air sampling in an urban area.

Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the honeybee pathogens, Paenibacillus larvae and Ascosphaera apis and their topical toxicity to Apis mellifera adults.

Aims: To explore alternative nonchemical control measures against two honeybee pathogens, Paenibacillus larvae and Ascosphaera apis, 37 plant species were screened for antimicrobial activity.

Methods And Results: The activity of selected plant extracts was screened using an in vitro disc diffusion assay and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the broth microdilution method. The results showed that 36 plant extracts had some antibacterial activity on P.

Differential physiological effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on honey bees: A comparison between Apis mellifera and Apis cerana.

Acute toxicities (LD50s) of imidacloprid and clothianidin to Apis mellifera and A. cerana were investigated. Changing patterns of immune-related gene expressions and the activities of four enzymes between the two bee species were compared and analyzed after exposure to sublethal doses of insecticides.