Bioinformatic Tools for Studying the Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine Efficacy, and Future Pandemics at the Global Population Level.

Antigen recognition by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction is critical for an adequate antiviral response in both natural infection and vaccination. However, the overwhelming polymorphism of HLA, with nearly 40,000 alleles identified, is an important limitation for the global analysis of cellular immune responses and vaccine efficacy. In this narrative review, we included several immunoinformatics studies performed in our laboratory to circumvent this limitation.

Association Between Common Variants in the / Genes and Risk for Essential Tremor.

Many clinical, neuroimaging, neuropathological, epidemiological, and genetic data suggest a relationship between essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Several hypothesis-based gene association studies attempted to find a genetic association between these diseases. Recent case-control association studies in Chinese and Spanish populations showed a marginal association between the rs1922452 and rs951818 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and the risk of PD.

Subcellular Localization Guides eNOS Function.

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are enzymes responsible for the cellular production of nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive signaling molecule involved in important physiological and pathological processes. Given its remarkable capacity to diffuse across membranes, NO cannot be stored inside cells and thus requires multiple controlling mechanisms to regulate its biological functions. In particular, the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity has been shown to be crucial in vascular homeostasis, primarily affecting cardiovascular disease and other pathophysiological processes of importance for human health.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Urea-Containing Carnosic Acid Derivatives with Anticancer Activity.

A series of novel carnosic acid derivatives incorporating urea moieties at the C-20 position was synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line. Most derivatives demonstrated enhanced antiproliferative activity compared to that of carnosic acid . The most promising derivatives were tested in other colorectal cancer cell lines (SW480, SW620, and Caco-2), melanoma (A375), and pancreatic cancer (MiaPaca-2).

Faecal Metabolome Profiles in Individuals Diagnosed with Hyperplastic Polyps and Conventional Adenomas.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) development is a gradual process in which progressive histological alterations of the intestinal mucosa damage occur over years. This process can be influenced by modifiable external factors such as lifestyle and diet. Most CRC cases (>80%) originate from conventional adenomas through the adenomatous pathway and usually harbour dysplastic cells, whereas the serrated pathway is less frequent (<20% cases) and comprises hyperplastic polyps and other polyps containing dysplastic cells.

Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Body Composition and Fluid Status in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure.

: Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have emerged as integral therapeutic tools in the management of patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. In addition to their well-documented effects on lowering glucose levels and cardiovascular- and reno-protective actions, SGLT-2 inhibitors, through a reduction in body weight (BW), generate changes in the body composition and volume status that have not been clearly studied. : This retrospective, observational longitudinal cohort, single-center study analyzed and compared body composition and fluid status measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) from weeks 0 to 12 after the initiation of the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program for coronary artery disease and heart failure in 59 patients who started treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2iG) and 112 patients without SGLT-2 inhibitors (non-SGLT-2iG).

Effectiveness of Physical Activity in the Management of Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of exercise interventions for managing nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) and explores their impact on related biopsychosocial factors, physical health variables, and inflammatory biomarkers. : A comprehensive search of five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library) was conducted, covering studies from 2019 to 2024. Fifteen randomized controlled trials involving 1338 participants aged 18 to 65 years with NSLBP were included.

Return to Performance of a Soccer Player with an Adductor Longus Injury: A Case Report.

There is limited information on the quantification of external load and reconditioning programs during adductor longus injuries in soccer. This case report describes a male professional soccer player () returning to performance following an adductor longus muscle injury during the 2022/2023 season. The player suffered the injury during a change of direction in a match.

Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations: Updates on Technical Aspects and Functional Outcomes Post-Endovascular Treatment-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) represent the most common vascular malformations of the brain at the pediatric age. Comprehension of its angioarchitecture and clinical features may influence their treatment options and functional outcomes. The aim of this review is to give an update of the anatomical and technical aspects of the management of VGAMs after endovascular treatment.

Continuous Risk Assessment of Late and Term Preeclampsia Throughout Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of widely available biomarkers longitudinally measured throughout pregnancy to predict all and term (delivery at ≥37 weeks) preeclampsia (PE). : This is a longitudinal retrospective study performed at Hospital Universitario de Torrejón (Madrid, Spain) and Shterev Hospital (Sofia, Bulgaria) between August 2017 and December 2022. All pregnant women with singleton pregnancies and non-malformed live fetuses attending their routine ultrasound examination and first-trimester screening for preterm PE at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation at the participating centers were invited to participate in a larger study for the prediction of pregnancy complications.

Enhancing Surgical Wound Monitoring: A Paired Cohort Study Evaluating a New AI-Based Application for Automatic Detection of Potential Infections.

This study assessed the feasibility and security of remote surgical wound monitoring using the RedScar© smartphone app, which employs automated diagnosis for early visual detection of infections without direct healthcare personnel involvement. Additionally, patient satisfaction with telematic care was evaluated as a secondary aim. Surgical site infection (SSI) is the second leading cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), leading to prolonged hospital stays, heightened patient distress, and increased healthcare costs.

HYSPAIN CLINICAL TRIAL Testing the Efficacy of Paracervical Anesthesia for Pain Control During Office Hysteroscopy: A Randomized, Single-Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Hysteroscopy is a key gynecological procedure for diagnosing and treating endometrial conditions. While hysteroscopy is often performed in office settings without sedation, patients frequently report significant pain during the procedure. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of paracervical anesthesia with mepivacaine compared to placebo in managing pain during office hysteroscopy.

Prediction Model for Sciatic Nerve Procedures: A Cross-Sectional Study.

We aimed to create a predictive model to estimate sciatic nerve depth using anthropometric and demographic data to enhance safety and precession in needle-based interventions. Setting: The study was conducted at Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain. A Cross-sectional observational study was carried out between January and April 2024.

A Comprehensive Review of Catheter-Related Thrombosis.

Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is a frequent and potentially serious complication associated with the widespread use of intravascular devices such as central venous catheters, including peripherally inserted central catheters and implantable port systems, pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Although CRT management has been informed by guidelines extrapolated from lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), unique challenges remain due to the distinct anatomical, pathophysiological, and clinical characteristics of upper extremity DVT. Risk factors for CRT are multifactorial, encompassing patient-related characteristics such as cancer, prior venous thromboembolism, and infection, as well as catheter-specific factors like device type, lumens, and insertion site.

A Feasibility Study of a Controlled Standing Fulcrum Side-Bending Test in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

: Spinal flexibility radiographs are important in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) for clinical decision-making. In this study, we introduce a new method, the 'quantitatively controlled standing fulcrum side-bending' test (CSFS test). This is a feasibility study; we aimed to quantify the applied force and track the temporospatial changes in the spine specifically by measuring the continuous change in the Cobb angle (in degrees) during lateral bending.

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as a Promising Treatment Against Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a critical medical condition that requires immediate attention to minimise heart damage and improve survival rates. Early identification and prompt treatment are essential to save the patient's life. Currently, the treatment strategy focuses on restoring blood flow to the myocardium as quickly as possible.

Advanced Management of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Treatment for Pulmonary Embolism: Evidence-Based Strategies for Optimized Patient Care.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening medical condition caused by the thrombotic occlusion of one or more branches of the lung vasculature, which represents the third most common cause of cardiovascular mortality after myocardial infarction and stroke. PE treatment requires a tailored approach based on accurate risk stratification and personalized treatment decision-making. Anticoagulation is the cornerstone of PE management, yet patients at higher clinical risk may require more rapid reperfusion therapies.

Pregnancy Outcomes and Maternal Characteristics in Women with Pregestational and Gestational Diabetes: A Population-Based Study in Spain, 2016-2022.

: The objective of this study was to compare trends in the incidence of deliveries and in obstetric interventions and outcomes in women with and without type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and gestational diabetes (GDM). : This was an observational study using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database (2016-2022). : A total of 1,995,953 deliveries were recorded between 2016 and 2022 (6495 mothers with T1DM, 5449 with T2DM, and 124,172 with GDM).

Safety and Accuracy of Guided Interradicular Miniscrew Insertion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Achieving ideal anchorage is crucial in orthodontics for controlled tooth movement. Miniscrews (MSs) have improved skeletal anchorage, but freehand placement poses risks like root damage and limited precision. Guided techniques, including radiographic guides and computer-assisted methods (static [sCAS] and dynamic [dCAS]), were developed to enhance accuracy and safety.

Association Between Temperature, Sunlight Hours, and Daily Steps in School-Aged Children over a 35-Week Period.

: To examine the associations between gradients of average daily temperature and sunlight hours with daily steps over a 35-week period in school-aged children and to evaluate whether there were differences by sex. : We conducted a follow-up study involving 655 children (50.8% girls, mean age 10.

Incident Cardiometabolic Comorbidities in Smokers with/Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Long-Term Cohort Study.

Despite the significant global health impact of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), our understanding of potential predictors associated with its development in smokers, remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether a new COPD diagnosis and the rate of lung function decline serve as predictors for incident CMM (defined as having at least two of the following comorbidities: cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus) in smokers. An observational longitudinal analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted, including smokers without a previous COPD diagnosis and any cardiometabolic conditions.

Kinesiophobia and Its Correlation with Upper Limb and Hand Functionality Among Individuals with Wrist/Hand Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: Wrist/hand injury incidences in the general population are high and contribute to a significant health problem. Fear of pain from movement can impact physical recovery, contributing to prolonged disability and impaired function in an upper limb after wrist/hand injury. The study's objectives are (1) to evaluate the relationship between kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, DASH, and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation and (2) to evaluate the data regarding the influence that basal kinesiophobia may have on upper limb functionality after wrist/hand immobilization.

Usefulness of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Intradural Spinal Tumor Surgeries.

Due to the absence of studies supporting the role of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) in intradural spinal tumors, this study evaluates the clinical outcome after these surgeries in relation to the use of the advanced intraoperative neurophysiological techniques. This is an observational, descriptive and retrospective study of two cohort groups in relation to the presence or absence of IONM during the intervention and the subsequent evaluation of the clinical and functional results in the short and medium terms. Ninety-six patients with extra- or intramedullary intradural spinal tumors operated on by the neurosurgery team of our center completed the current study.

Prognostic Impact of Hospital Discharge After Heart Failure Admission Without Structured Heart Failure Follow-Up.

The aim was to evaluate the risk of new exacerbations of heart failure (HF) in patients discharged from hospital emergency departments (EDs) without a structured HF follow-up. This prospective, single-center cohort study included patients discharged from the ED following hospital admission for acute HF. The study analyzed the profile of patients seen in the ED and assessed their risk of new ED visits or HF-related hospitalizations within 12 months of discharge.

Management of Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis (ATTRv) Patients and Asymptomatic Carriers in Spain: The EMPATIa Study.

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is an autosomal-dominant systemic disease, where amyloid fibrils accumulate especially in the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems and in the heart. The aim of the present work was to outline the follow-up and type of management received by asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and stage 1 ATTRv patients in Spain. A cross-sectional, non-interventional study was conducted throughout seven experienced hospitals in Spain.