Revolutionizing lung cancer treatment: Introducing PROTAC therapy as a novel paradigm in targeted therapeutics.

This comprehensive review explores the transformative potential of PROTAC (Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras) therapy as a groundbreaking approach in the landscape of lung cancer treatment. The introduction provides a succinct overview of current challenges in lung cancer treatment, emphasizing the significance of targeted therapies. Focusing on PROTAC therapy, the article elucidates its mechanism of action, comparing it with traditional targeted therapies and highlighting the key components and design principles of PROTAC molecules.

Prevalence and Impact of Cytomegalovirus Primary Infection and Reactivation on Graft Function in Post-Renal Transplant Recipients.

Introduction Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is often associated with mortality and significant morbidity following renal transplantation leading to graft rejection or dysfunction. Primary CMV infection refers to the first detection of the virus in a person who has no prior evidence of CMV exposure before transplantation. CMV has a unique property called latency.

Skin Metastasis From Solid Tumors: Is Targeted Therapy Making an Impact?

Cutaneous metastasis from solid tumors is a rare manifestation that presents in the clinic. It is usually indicative of poor prognosis, with a poor response to conventional chemotherapy. The introduction of targeted therapy has changed the treatment paradigm in oncology, improving the quality of life and survival of all cancer patients.

A study of SGLT2 inhibitors on levels of plasma atherogenesis biomarkers in diabetes.

Background: Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder with microvascular and macrovascular complications. Metabolites of hyperglycemia mediates endothelial injury resulting in cascade of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis sets up plaque in vessel wall and obliterates the vascular lumen which results in stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral vascular disease.

Comparative Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Antihypertensive Medications in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Hypertension: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) presents a significant global health concern, affecting a substantial portion of the population, particularly among young and middle-aged adults.

Aim: This review aims to assess the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared to antihypertensive medications in managing OSA-related hypertension.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, yielding studies published from 2000 to March 2024 that investigated CPAP, antihypertensives, or their combination therapy in OSA patients.

A finite source retrial queueing inventory system with stock dependent arrival and heterogeneous servers.

This article discusses a finite-source stock-dependent stochastic inventory system with multiple servers and a retrial facility. The system can store a maximum of S items, and the lifetime of each item is exponentially distributed. The primary customer arrives at the waiting hall from the finite source and receives service from multi-servers.

Covered Stent Correction for Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects, an Emerging Alternative to Surgical Repair: Results of an International Registry.

Background: Covered stent correction for a sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) was first performed in 2009. This innovative approach was initially viewed as experimental and was reserved for highly selected patients with unusual anatomic variants. In 2016, increasing numbers of procedures began to be performed, and in several centers, it is now offered as a standard of care option alongside surgical repair.

Iron-Doped Cadmium Sulfide/Graphene Oxide (CdFeS/GO) Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Toxic Pollutants.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been widely explored as a promising solution for dye degradation due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of recovery, and use of green technology. Precisely, iron-doped cadmium sulfide (CdS) exhibits greater efficiency because of its higher charge separation, more electron transfer efficiency, and adsorption under visible region. In this study, two different ratios of iron-doped cadmium sulfide (CdFeS/GO) nanocomposites such as CdFeS/GO and CdFeS/GO were synthesized using the coprecipitation method and characterized with UV-Vis DRS, XRD, FT-IR, Raman, XPS, and HR-TEM.

Enhanced Bioactivity of Streptomycin Bioconjugated Metal Nanoparticles Against Streptomycin Resistant Sp.

Unlabelled: The emergence of multidrug resistance in pathogenic organisms has caused growing concern, especially among healthcare providers, necessitating the development of new antimicrobial compounds. Resistance to metal nanoparticles is more challenging for any pathogen and thus paved a new avenue of research to formulate a new line of drugs combined with metal nanoparticles to treat microbial resistance. In this present investigation, green synthesised silver (AgNP), gold (AuNP), and platinum (PtNP) nanoparticles using the rind extract of the fruit of Garcinia mangostana L.

Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct Posing Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.

Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct are rare tumors with fibrovascular stalks arising from the bile duct. It is often difficult to diagnose preoperatively, especially from mucinous cystic neoplasms. The incidence is more common in Asian countries and rare in Western countries.

Public-Private Partnership Model in Delivering Quality Health Care and Medical Education - An Enduring Success Story for the Past Seven Decades.

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are integral to the National Health Mission (NHM). Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Mangalore, was the first private institution in India to embrace the PPP model way back in 1953. The then Government of Madras permitted KMC Mangalore to partner with the 2 district hospitals - the Government Wenlock and the Lady Goschen Hospitals.

Significance of ultrasonography in diagnosing transverse testicular ectopia: A case report.

An uncommon congenital abnormality known as crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) or transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) occurs when both testes migrate into the same hemiscrotum. Inguinal hernia and persistent Müllerian duct syndrome are frequently associated with it. We present a case of "TTE" in a 1-year-old boy with an empty right hemiscrotum and left inguinal hernia.

Outcomes of Covid-19 Vaccine-Associated Glomerular Diseases (CVAGD) - A Case Series from India.

Background: Several cases of glomerular diseases following Covid-19 vaccination, especially mRNA vaccines, have been reported. However, there is little data on glomerular diseases associated with the two vaccines widely available in India (Covaxin and Covishield) and their long-term outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted between May 2021 and May 2023.

Preclinical liver toxicity models: Advantages, limitations and recommendations.

Experimental animal models are crucial for elucidating the pathophysiology of liver injuries and for assessing new hepatoprotective agents. Drugs and chemicals such as acetaminophen, isoniazid, valproic acid, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride (CCl), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), and thioacetamide (TAA) are metabolized by the CYP2E1 enzyme, producing hepatotoxic metabolites that lead to both acute and chronic liver injuries. In experimental settings, acetaminophen (centrilobular necrosis), carbamazepine (centrilobular necrosis and inflammation), sodium valproate (necrosis, hydropic degeneration and mild inflammation), methotrexate (sinusoidal congestion and inflammation), and TAA (centrilobular necrosis and inflammation) are commonly used to induce various types of acute liver injuries.

Anterolateral Thigh Flap for Abdominal Wall Defect After Debridement for Meleney's With Fournier's Gangrene: A Case Report of a Rare Outcome.

Meleney's gangrene is a synergistic polymicrobial infection of the anterior abdominal wall causing rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis of skin and subcutaneous tissues. When combined with Fournier's gangrene, the mortality rates are higher. Here, we discuss a case of Meleney's with Fournier's gangrene managed with appropriate antibiotics and extensive wound debridement, followed by a successful split-thickness skin grafting of the lower anterior abdominal wall and scrotum.

Predictive metabolite signatures for risk of progression to active TB from QuantiFERON supernatants of household contacts of TB patients.

The identification of individuals with the greatest risk of progression to active tuberculosis (TB) disease from the huge reservoir of () infected individuals continues to remain an arduous ascent in the global effort to control TB. In a two-year prospective study, we analysed metabolic profiles in the unstimulated and TB antigen stimulated QuantiFERON supernatants of 14 healthy household contacts (HHCs) who progressed to TB disease (Progressors) and 14 HHCs who remained healthy (Non-Progressors). We identified 21 significantly dysregulated metabolites in the TB antigen-stimulated QuantiFERON supernatants of Progressors, of which the combination of Malic acid and N-Arachidonoylglycine had maximum AUC of 0.

Novel indigenous low cost (NICA) model for hands on training of surgical interns in incision and drainage procedure for superficial skin abscess.

Background: Surgical education necessitates hands-on training, which poses ethical challenges when practicing on real patients. Simulation training emerges as a pivotal solution, offering a safe and effective environment for skill acquisition. However, existing simulation models often overlook common surgical conditions like superficial skin abscesses.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Cardiovascular Imaging and Diagnosis: Current Insights and Future Directions.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of mortality worldwide, emphasizing the critical need for timely and accurate diagnosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become revolutionary tools in the healthcare system with significant potential for cardiovascular diagnosis and imaging. AI and ML techniques, including supervised and unsupervised learning, logistic regression, deep learning models, neural networks, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have significantly advanced cardiovascular imaging.

Attrition in serum anti-DENV antibodies correlates with high anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and low DENV positivity in mosquito vectors-Findings from a state-wide cluster-randomized community-based study in Tamil Nadu, India.

The decline in dengue incidence and/or prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-22) appears to be attributed to reduced treatment-seeking rates, under-reporting, misdiagnosis, disrupted health services and reduced exposure to mosquito vectors due to prevailing lockdowns. There is limited scientific data on dengue virus (DENV) disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional, cluster-randomized survey to assess anti-DENV and anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, and also estimated the spatial distribution of DENV-positive aedine mosquito vectors during the COVID-19 pandemic across all the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, India.

Sympathetic Overdrive and Role of Beta-blockers in Various Forms of Heart Failure: A Consensus Statement from India.

In heart failure, sympathetic overdrive is evidenced by norepinephrine spillover, receptor level changes, etc. Beta-blockers continue to be the cornerstone of treatment in patients with chronic heart failure due to their ability to counteract sympathetic overdrive. Extensive clinical research has demonstrated that long-term beta-blocker treatment with metoprolol succinate, carvedilol, or bisoprolol enhances left ventricular function and reverses left ventricular remodeling, decreases hospitalization risk, and increases survival.

Marginal Mandibulectomy in Oral Cavity SCC: Experience in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Marginal mandibulectomy is indicated for oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas that involve floor of mouth, abut or minimally erode the mandible without gross invasion. Successful outcomes after Marginal mandibulectomy is predicated on accurate patient selection and appropriate adjuvant treatment based on specific host and tumor characteristics. To study the onclogical outcomes in terms of loco-regional recurrence free survival and disease specific survival of marginal mandibulectomy done for oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Bidirectional Interactions Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Kidney Disease- A Review.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India, with a prevalence estimated at 13-15%. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an emerging threat, significantly contributing to CKD development. Over 50% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients exhibit OSA symptoms.