A multicontinental dataset of butterfly thermal physiological traits.

Butterflies serve as key indicators of climate change impacts such as shifts in emergence timing and shifts in geographic range and distribution. However, the development of commonly used ecological forecasts based on butterfly physiological tolerance of temperature change has lagged behind that of other taxonomic groups. Here, we provide a series of related datasets comprising butterfly thermal physiological traits to enable such forecasts.

Levofloxacin for the Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam.

Background: Prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global health priority. However, trials evaluating the effectiveness of treating infection among contacts of persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing 6 months of daily levofloxacin (weight-based doses) with placebo to treat infection.

What happened to BBR3464 and where to from here for multinuclear platinum-based anticancer drugs?

The development of the trinuclear platinum(II) complex BBR3464 (also known as triplatin) in the late 1990s was meant to be a revolution in the field of platinum chemotherapy. What made it remarkable was that it defied many of the known structure-activity rules for platinums; it is cationic, has a single labile leaving group on each terminal platinum, and it binds DNA in ways different to mononuclear platinum drugs, like cisplatin and oxaliplatin. The flexible, long-range adducts the drug forms with DNA means that it showed activity in cancers not typically sensitive to platinums, and more importantly, BBR3464 demonstrated an ability to overcome acquired resistance to platinum drugs.

ChatGPT as a patient education tool in colorectal cancer-An in-depth assessment of efficacy, quality and readability.

Aim: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots such as Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer-4 (ChatGPT-4) have made significant strides in generating human-like responses. Trained on an extensive corpus of medical literature, ChatGPT-4 has the potential to augment patient education materials. These chatbots may be beneficial to populations considering a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Post-traumatic stress disorder in the Australian Defence Force: estimating prevalence from defence electronic health system records.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in serving members of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) in the year 2015-2016.

Methods: The electronic health records of serving members of the ADF were screened for the term PTSD over a 12-month period. A 10% sample of these records were examined alongside a randomised matched sample of records.

Reporting of sex and/or gender in randomised controlled trials of physiotherapy interventions remains problematic: a systematic review.

Background: Little is known about how sex and/or gender is reported in trials on physiotherapy interventions.

Objectives: To determine the nature and extent of reporting sex and/or gender information in randomised controlled trials of physiotherapy interventions.

Data Sources: Physiotherapy, Journal of Physiotherapy, Physical Therapy, Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, and Journal of Orthopaedics and Sports Physical Therapy.

Child Abuse and Neglect and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits: Effects of Attachment, Intolerance of Uncertainty, and Metacognition.

Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) is extensively implicated as a risk factor preceding the development of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits (OCPT). Nevertheless, the majority of individuals with a history of CAN do not go on to develop OCPT. To date, little research has investigated potential model networks that may help contribute to explaining why CAN sometimes leads to OCPT and not at other times.

Predicting remission following CBT for childhood anxiety disorders: a machine learning approach.

Background: The identification of predictors of treatment response is crucial for improving treatment outcome for children with anxiety disorders. Machine learning methods provide opportunities to identify combinations of factors that contribute to risk prediction models.

Methods: A machine learning approach was applied to predict anxiety disorder remission in a large sample of 2114 anxious youth (5-18 years).

Best Subset Solution Path for Linear Dimension Reduction Models Using Continuous Optimization.

The selection of best variables is a challenging problem in supervised and unsupervised learning, especially in high-dimensional contexts where the number of variables is usually much larger than the number of observations. In this paper, we focus on two multivariate statistical methods: principal components analysis and partial least squares. Both approaches are popular linear dimension-reduction methods with numerous applications in several fields including in genomics, biology, environmental science, and engineering.

Predictors of failure of conservative management of cholecystitis: a systematic review of the literature.

Objectives: While emergency cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment for acute cholecystitis, conservative management can be used as a bridge to definitive surgical management in situations where emergency surgical services are limited. The objective of this systematic review is to identify factors associated with conservative management failure as defined as either failed resolution of symptoms on initial presentation, or the recurrence of symptoms whilst awaiting an elective cholecystectomy. This study aims to allow clinicians to make evidence-based recommendations for conservative versus operative management.

Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review of Mechanistic Evidence and Clinical Implications.

Cardiac rehabilitation, a multi-component intervention designed to mitigate the impact of cardiovascular disease, often underutilises low-intensity resistance exercise despite its potential benefits. This narrative review critically examines the mechanistic and clinical evidence supporting the incorporation of low-intensity resistance exercise into cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Research indicates that low-intensity resistance exercise induces hypertrophic adaptations by maximising muscle fibre activation through the size principle, effectively recruiting larger motor units as it approaches maximal effort.

Using the Theozyme Model to Study the Dynamical Mechanism of the Post-Transition State Bifurcation Reaction by NgnD Enzyme.

Post-transition state bifurcation (PTSB) is a fundamental process in which a single transition state leads to multiple products. This phenomenon is important in both biological and chemical contexts and offers valuable insights into reaction mechanisms and their applications. The theozyme model, which focuses on key residues within enzymes, offers a computationally efficient method for studying these processes while preserving the enzyme's catalytic properties.

Interventions and Programs Using Native Foods to Promote Health: A Scoping Review.

(1) Background: Native foods are essential for promoting health, sustainability, and the resilience of Indigenous communities. They contribute to biodiversity, are adapted to local ecosystems, and support cultural identity. This study aims to identify and describe strategies and health outcomes from programs and interventions using native foods to promote health or address food insecurity.

Cognitive and behavioural therapy for insomnia in the treatment of adolescent insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Insomnia is common in adolescents with associated negative health consequences. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia interventions on insomnia symptoms and subjective sleep quality in adolescents aged 10-19 years. Key electronic databases, including CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus, were systematically searched from inception to October 2024, and five randomised controlled trials met inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis.

Phenalenones and Polyesters from and Structure Revision of Talaromycesone A.

Investigation of the secondary metabolites of the filamentous fungus led to the isolation of two new phenalenone dimers, talarohemiketal A () and talaroazasone A (), and one new macrolide polyester, talaromacrolactone A (), along with the reported oxyphenalenone dimers talaromycesone A (), bacillisporin A (), bacillisporin B (), bacillisporin C (), -bacillisporin F (), and bacillisporin J (), the phenalenone monomer funalenone (), the polyesters 15G256α () and 15G256ν (), and 6-hydroxymellein (). Detailed analysis of 2D NMR correlations, supported by TDDFT calculations, led to the structural revision of talaromycesone A as from previously reported structure . In addition, the previously misassigned NMR spectra of compound have been corrected.

Spatial numerical bias in acute vestibular neuritis.

Purpose: Number magnitude is often represented spatially in the mind by a mental number line, on which small numbers are located to the left of space and large numbers to the right. As vestibular dysfunction can affect aspects of spatial cognition, we wondered whether patients with acute vestibular loss would show a directional bias along the mental number line.

Methods: We gave 18 patients with vestibular neuritis (VN) (eight left VN, ten right; mean age 54 years, range 31-75 years; four females) and 15 normal age- and education-matched controls (mean age 47 years, range 26-75 years; 11 females) a mental number bisection task.

CoTCNQ as a Catalyst for CO Electroreduction: A First Principles rSCAN Meta-GGA Investigation.

Using first principles calculations we investigate cobalt-coordinated tetracyanoquinodimethane (R-CoTCNQ) as a potential catalyst for the CO electroreduction reaction (COERR). We determine that exchange-correlation functionals beyond the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) are required to accurately describe the spin properties of R-CoTCNQ, therefore, the meta-GGA rSCAN functional is used in this study. The free energy COERR reaction pathways are calculated for the reduced catalyst ([R-CoTCNQ]) with reaction products HCOOH and HCHO predicted depending on our choice of electrode potential.

Why Mental Health Clinicians are Not Engaging in Advance Care Planning with Older People with Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Illnesses.

Purpose: To explore mental health clinicians' attitudes, experiences, and perceived barriers regarding Advance Care Planning (ACP) with older people (aged 55+) with schizophrenia/other psychotic illnesses.

Methods: Qualitative analysis of focus group interviews with multidisciplinary mental health clinicians from public mental health services in Sydney, Australia. A senior external clinician facilitated online focus groups exploring clinicians' attitudes, experiences, and perceived barriers to ACP using a semi-structured interview guide.

Cardiac arrest in pregnancy with successful stabilization and delivery on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report.

Background: Cardiac arrest in pregnancy is rare. Clinicians need to adapt management to the altered anatomy and physiology of pregnancy, and the well-being of two patients (mother and foetus) may come into consideration. The medical literature has limited reports on outcomes following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pregnancy.

Consultation informs strategies to improve functional evidence use in variant classification.

To determine if a variant identified by diagnostic genetic testing is causal for disease, applied genetics professionals evaluate all available evidence to assign a clinical classification. Experimental assay data can provide strong functional evidence for or against pathogenicity in variant classification, but appears to be underutilised. We surveyed genetic diagnostic professionals in Australasia to assess their application of functional evidence in clinical practice.

'It Cuts Both Ways': A Qualitative Analysis of Stakeholders' Views on the Emerging and Potential Unintended Consequences of Telehealth in Rural Australia.

Rationale: Telehealth has been consistently viewed as a viable solution for addressing healthcare inaccessibility and mitigating the impact of health workforce shortages in rural areas. However, despite high utilisation in rural areas, little is known about the unintended consequences of telehealth in terms of unexpected benefits and drawbacks.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the unintended consequences of telehealth in rural Australia.

Serovar Australis replaces serovar Copenhageni as the most common cause of canine leptospirosis in New South Wales, Australia.

Highly fatal canine leptospirosis emerged in urban Sydney dogs in 2017, and serovar Copenhageni, against which a registered monovalent vaccine is available, was predominant until 2020. This study was conducted to (1) determine serological characteristics of canine leptospirosis in New South Wales (NSW) between 2021 and 2023; (2) describe the geospatial distribution of leptospirosis; and (3) evaluate if clinicopathological abnormalities and outcome differ between the dominant infecting serovars, Copenhageni versus Australis. Cases were identified through referral or direct veterinarian contact and included if clinical and clinicopathological findings confirmed leptospirosis.