Upadacitinib induction is effective and safe in ulcerative colitis patients including those with prior exposure to tofacitinib: a multicenter real-world cohort study.

Background/aims: Upadacitinib is a novel selective Janus kinase inhibitor approved for use in ulcerative colitis. Clinical trials had rigorous criteria and excluded many patient subgroups. Given limited real-world effectiveness data, we examined outcomes of patients treated with upadacitinib for ulcerative colitis in a real-world population.

Left Ventricular Energetics in Patients Receiving Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Introduction: The haemodynamic effects veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) remain inadequately understood. We investigated invasive left ventricular (LV) haemodynamics in patients who underwent treatment with an intensive care strategy involving extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).

Methods: We conducted invasive haemodynamic assessments on 15 patients who underwent ECPR and achieved return of spontaneous circulation.

Computational study of the impact of nasal vestibule anatomy on nasal drug administration with nasal spray.

The nasal airway comprises a complex network of passages and chambers and plays an important role in regulating the respiratory system's functions. The nasal vestibule is the first chamber of the nasal airway. While variations in nasal vestibule geometries are known to exist between humans, details of their implications on how they may affect the efficacy of nasal drug delivery devices are less clear.

Workforce Psychological Distress and Absenteeism in Australia: The Correlates of Industry, Age, and Gender.

The workplace is an important setting for improving population psychological health. This study aimed to identify priority industries and populations in Australia with highest adverse effects of psychological distress. The study included 5834 workers aged 18 to 64 years who participated in the 2020 to 2021 National Health Survey.

Anticholinergic burden and frailty in older inpatients: insights from analysis of admission and discharge medicines using four anticholinergic scales.

Background: Exposure to high anticholinergic burden is associated with adverse outcomes in older adults. Older adults with frailty have greater vulnerability to adverse anticholinergic effects. There is limited data on anticholinergic burden in hospitalised older adults with frailty particularly, in New Zealand.

Avelumab + axitinib vs sunitinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: final analysis of the phase 3 JAVELIN Renal 101 trial.

Background: In the phase 3 JAVELIN Renal 101 trial (NCT02684006), first-line treatment with avelumab + axitinib resulted in significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) and a higher objective response rate (ORR) vs sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). We report the final analysis, including the primary analysis of overall survival (OS).

Patients And Methods: Patients with untreated aRCC (any prognostic risk score) were enrolled.

Attention moderates the motion silencing effect for dynamic orientation changes in a discrimination task.

Being able to detect changes in our visual environment reliably and quickly is important for many daily tasks. The motion silencing effect describes a decrease in the ability to detect feature changes for faster moving objects compared with stationary or slowly moving objects. One theory is that spatiotemporal receptive field properties in early vision might account for the silencing effect, suggesting that its origins are low-level visual processing.

Psychometric Properties of a Self-Report Measure of Overprotective Parenting: The Parental Overprotection Measure (POM).

There are few psychometrically sound measures of overprotection designed for the caregiver and focusing largely on overt behaviours and actions. The Parental Overprotection Measure (POM) was developed for research with preschool aged children and has been used in a range of research projects and translated into several languages. However, its full psychometric properties have not previously been reported.

Patient demographics and psychotropic medication prescribing in Australian general practices: pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction Mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in the adult population significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rates of prescribing psychotropic medications in adults during the COVID-19 period have not been well explored. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the association between demographic characteristics and rates of prescribing psychotropic medications to general practice patients during 2018-2022.

3-Month Melatonin Supplementation to Reduce Brain Oxidative Stress and Improve Sleep in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomised Controlled Feasibility Trial.

Melatonin has multiple proposed therapeutic benefits including antioxidant properties, circadian rhythm synchronisation and sleep promotion. Since these areas are also recognised risk factors for dementia, melatonin has been hypothesised to slow cognitive decline in older adults. Participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) were recruited from the community for a 12-week randomised placebo-controlled parallel, feasibility trial of 25 mg oral melatonin nightly.

An advanced light scattering apparatus for investigating soft matter onboard the International Space Station.

Colloidal solids (COLIS) is a state-of-the-art light scattering setup developed for experiments onboard the International Space Station (ISS). COLIS allows for probing the structure and dynamics of soft matter systems on a wide range of length scales, from a few nm to tens of microns, and on time scales from 100 ns to tens of hours. In addition to conventional static and dynamic light scattering, COLIS includes depolarized dynamic light scattering, a small-angle camera, photon correlation imaging, and optical manipulation of thermosensitive samples through an auxiliary near-infrared laser beam, thereby providing a unique platform for probing soft matter systems.

A Novel Porcine Model of Bilateral Hindlimb Bypass Graft Surgery Integrating Transit Time Flowmetry.

Background: Bypass graft surgery is a key surgical intervention for ischemic heart disease (coronary bypass graft surgery) and critical limb ischemia (peripheral bypass graft surgery). Graft occlusion remains a significant clinical problem for both types. Further research into the pathobiological mechanisms of graft occlusion are needed in order to design targeted therapeutic strategies.

Quality of life and quality of care experience in Australian residential aged care: a retrospective cohort study of 1,772 residents.

Background: In April 2023, quality of life (QOL) and quality of care experience (QCE) indicators were introduced as mandatory indicators in Australian residential aged care (RAC) to measure and monitor wellbeing and consumer experience respectively. In this study, we used data for the initial four months after their introduction to describe QOL and QCE scores, explore related factors and assess variations by completion mode and facility.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using electronic data (Mar-Jun 2023) from 1,772 residents in 22 RAC facilities in metropolitan Sydney, Australia.

Fabrication of a novel Z-scheme 2D/1D g-CN/polyaniline decorated on activated carbon with effective visible-light photocatalytic activity.

In recent years, visible-light driven photocatalysts present a significant role in different photocatalytic performances. Herein, a novel Z-scheme graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet/polyaniline nanowire (2D/1D CN/PAni) nanocomposite decorated on activated carbon (AC) support was synthesized by solution mixing combined with a calcination process for removal of CR dye under LED irradiation. The chemical, nanostructure, surface and optical properties of as-prepared nanocomposites were analyzed by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

Why most research based on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test is unsubstantiated and uninterpretable: A response to Murphy and Hall (2024).

Murphy and Hall (2024) present two criticisms of our review of construct validity evidence reporting practices for the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET; Higgins, Kaplan, Deschrijver, & Ross, 2024). Namely, they argue that we conflated poor reporting practices with poor validity and that our conclusions about the validity of RMET scores relied too heavily on structural validity evidence at the cost of external validity evidence. Moreover, they argue that the existing external and structural validity evidence indicates that RMET scores are generally valid for assessing emotion recognition ability.

Family affluence and bullying victimisation affect life satisfaction in large-bodied adolescents: Evidence from 37 high-income countries.

Background: Adolescents with large body sizes often experience bullying which likely affects their overall well-being. Yet, there is limited research on how bullying victimisation affects overall life satisfaction among this cohort of adolescents, and how family affluence moderates this relationship.

Objective: This study investigates the moderation effects of family affluence in the association between bullying victimisation and life satisfaction among adolescents with large bodies.

Preliminary analyses of tryptophan, kynurenine, and the kynurenine: Tryptophan ratio in plasma, as potential biomarkers for systemic chlamydial infections in koalas.

Chlamydiosis is the major infectious disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in free-living koalas. Recently, it was reported that 28.5% of koalas infected with chlamydiosis were presented with no overt clinical signs.

Mantle oxidation by sulfur drives the formation of giant gold deposits in subduction zones.

Oxidation of the sub-arc mantle driven by slab-derived fluids has been hypothesized to contribute to the formation of gold deposits in magmatic arc environments that host the majority of metal resources on Earth. However, the mechanism by which the infiltration of slab-derived fluids into the mantle wedge changes its oxidation state and affects Au enrichment remains poorly understood. Here, we present the results of a numerical model that demonstrates that slab-derived fluids introduce large amounts of sulfate (S) into the overlying mantle wedge that increase its oxygen fugacity by up to 3 to 4 log units relative to the pristine mantle.

Ultrathin BIC Metasurfaces Based on Ultra-Low-Loss SbSe Phase-Change Material.

Ultrathin and low-loss phase-change materials (PCMs) are highly valued for their fast and effective phase transitions and applications in reconfigurable photonic chips, metasurfaces, optical modulators, sensors, photonic memories, and neuromorphic computing. However, conventional PCMs mostly suffer from high intrinsic losses in the near-infrared (NIR) region, limiting their potential for high quality factor (-factor) resonant metasurfaces. Here we present the design and fabrication of tunable bound states in the continuum (BIC) metasurfaces using the ultra-low-loss PCM SbSe.

Suitability of the -5 social anxiety disorder severity scale for autistic adults.

Mental health measures used with autistic adults are often only evaluated for use with non-autistic adults, which may cause inaccurate measurement. This is important when measuring social anxiety disorder as some features overlap with social characteristics of autism. This study evaluated one self-report questionnaire measure of social anxiety disorder, the Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder.

"We don't look too much into the communication disability": clinicians' views and experiences on the effect of communication disability on falls in hospital patients with stroke.

Purpose: Difficulty with communicating basic needs and attracting the attention of health professionals may contribute to falls for patients with communication disability after stroke. The aim of this study was to explore the views of hospital-based health professionals on: (a) the effect of communication disability on falls in patients with stroke; (b) falls prevention strategies for patients with communication disability following stroke; and (c) the roles of speech pathologists in the assessment, management, and prevention of falls in this population.

Materials And Methods: Online focus groups were conducted and analysed using content thematic analysis.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital presentations in adults with gastrointestinal infections at a tertiary centre in Australia.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the enactment of substantial public health measures aimed at reducing the transmission of respiratory viruses. The impact of these measures on gastrointestinal (GI) infections remains unexplored.

Aims: To determine whether there was a change in the number of patients presenting to The Royal Melbourne Hospital with GI infections during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the year prior.

Control of dengue larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using the larvicidal bioactive compounds in different plant extracts and plant extract-mediated nanoparticles.

Background: Dengue is a devastating viral disease transmitted by mosquito vectors of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Mosquito populations thrive in favourable breeding conditions, making mosquito control vital. Eliminating larval populations is the most effective method compared with other mosquito control methods.

Diagnostic imaging in the management of older adults with low back pain: analysis from the BAck Complaints in Elders: Chiropractic - Australia cohort study.

Background: Diagnostic imaging is commonly used in the management of low back pain (LBP), with approximately one-quarter of those who present to primary care referred for imaging. Current estimates of imaging frequency commonly exclude older adults; however, pathology detected with imaging (e.g.