Adaptive expression of phage auxiliary metabolic genes in paddy soils and their contribution toward global carbon sequestration.

Habitats with intermittent flooding, such as paddy soils, are crucial reservoirs in the global carbon pool; however, the effect of phage-host interactions on the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in paddy soils remains unclear. Hence, this study applied multiomics and global datasets integrated with validation experiments to investigate phage-host community interactions and the potential of phages to impact carbon sequestration in paddy soils. The results demonstrated that paddy soil phages harbor a diverse and abundant repertoire of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) associated with carbon fixation, comprising 23.

Preferences of Individuals With Obesity for Online Medical Consultation in Different Demand Scenarios: Discrete Choice Experiments.

Background: Obesity is a unique chronic disease, with China having the largest number of people living with overweight and obesity in the world. There has been little research from the demand perspective for online medical consultation (OMC) by individuals living with obesity. With the growing demand for obesity OMC, especially due to the emergence of new pharmacotherapies, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, individuals living with obesity are seeking both advice on obesity management and the prescription of obesity drugs.

An Analysis of Australia's Legal Framework for Access to More Affordable but Unapproved Medicines and Biologics.

Objective: Approved medicines are not always sufficient to address the needs of patients so several legal pathways exist to enable access to unapproved medicines for treatment purposes. This article is the first to provide an in-depth analysis of this regulatory framework that governs access to unapproved medicines in Australia with a specific focus on affordability-motivated access.

Methods: Legislation, regulations, and guidelines were critically analysed to identify the de jure basis for importation and supply of unapproved medicines in Australia.

Paleobotany reframes the fiery debate on Australia's rainforest edges.

The tall eucalypt forests (TEFs) of the Australian tropics are often portrayed as threatened by 'invasive' neighboring rainforests, requiring 'protective' burning. This framing overlooks that Australian rainforests have suffered twice the historical losses of TEFs and ignores the ecological and paleobiological significance of rainforest margins. Early Eocene fossils from Argentina show that biodiverse rainforests with abundant Eucalyptus existed > 50 million years ago (Ma) in West Gondwana, shaped by nonfire disturbance factors such as landslides and volcanic flows.

Infantile Sinonasal Tract Myxomas with Orbital Involvement: Presentation of Two Cases and Comprehensive Literature Review.

Our aim is to present two cases of infantile sinonasal tract myxoma with orbital involvement and conduct a comprehensive literature review of the topic. We aim to provide a summary of the presentation of infantile sinonasal tract myxomas to effectively aid clinicians in considering this rare entity as a potential diagnosis. We present a case series and a retrospective review of the published literature in the English language.

A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring Coping Self-Insights Associated with Resilience.

Self-insight has been associated with psychological resilience; however, less is understood about the role coping-specific self-insights play in strengthening resilience. This study used a convergent mixed-methods approach to investigate the coping self-insights triggered by self-reflection on coping experiences and their effects on perceived resilience. Australian ministry workers ( = 79) provided up to five qualitative self-reflective workbook entries, and quantitative online self-report survey responses before and six months after training.

Four-Dimensional Flow MRI for Cardiovascular Evaluation (4DCarE): A Prospective Non-Inferiority Study of a Rapid Cardiac MRI Exam: Study Protocol and Pilot Analysis.

Background: Accurate measurements of flow and ventricular volume and function are critical for clinical decision-making in cardiovascular medicine. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the current gold standard for ventricular functional evaluation but is relatively expensive and time-consuming, thus limiting the scale of clinical applications. New volumetric acquisition techniques, such as four-dimensional flow (4D-flow) and three-dimensional volumetric cine (3D-cine) MRI, could potentially reduce acquisition time without loss in accuracy; however, this has not been formally tested on a large scale.

MuscleMap: An Open-Source, Community-Supported Consortium for Whole-Body Quantitative MRI of Muscle.

Disorders affecting the neurological and musculoskeletal systems represent international health priorities. A significant impediment to progress in trials of new therapies is the absence of responsive, objective, and valid outcome measures sensitive to early disease changes. A key finding in individuals with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders is the compositional changes to muscles, evinced by the expression of fatty infiltrates.

The effect of expiratory flow limitation on supine persistent hyperinflation in COPD: a prospective observational study.

Introduction: COPD is characterised by airflow obstruction, expiratory airway collapse and closure causing expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and hyperinflation. Supine posture may worsen ventilatory function in COPD, which may cause hyperinflation to persist and contribute to symptoms of orthopnoea and sleep disturbance. Our aim was to determine the impact of supine posture on hyperinflation, dynamic elastance and EFL in COPD and healthy subjects.

Consolidating the evidence on the effectiveness of strategies to promote vegetable intake in priority settings: An overview of systematic reviews.

Background: Effective interventions to increase vegetable intake are urgently needed. This systematic rapid review aimed to summarise the effectiveness of interventions targeting increased vegetable intakes across diverse settings.

Methodology: The review was guided by the conduct of rapid reviews from the Cochrane Handbook.

Synergistic Bioactivity of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco and Its Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Effects.

The mangrove fungi provide a vast and unexplored source of diverse and unique chemicals and biological properties. The plant Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco and its endophytic fungus aspergillus species were collected from different sites of the Baleswar river region in Sundarban.

Isolation and analysis of residual leucocytes from leucoreduced red blood cell units.

Background And Objectives: Leucoreduction is used to remove donor leucocytes during red blood cell (RBC) manufacture. However, not all are removed, and long-term survival of donor leucocytes, termed transfusion-associated microchimerism (TAM), has been shown to occur in some patients following RBC transfusion. The mechanism of TAM occurrence is unknown.

Colleague Care - Implementing a staff peer support program.

Objectives: In line with the widespread acknowledgement of the harms which can be caused to healthcare staff through their role in adverse events and unexpected patient outcomes, so is there now acceptance of the role of staff peer support programs to support these 'second victims' in a non-clinical way. Here, we share reproduceable steps that any service might take in creating their own staff peer support program.

Methods: We outline the establishment of a program in a NSW health-service encompassing several hospitals and services, from initiation of the program, customising it to our local needs, engaging the broader health service, launching the program, and the ongoing maintenance required.

The Impact of Preoperative Facial Nerve Weakness and Facial Nerve Outcomes in the Management of Patients With Parotid Metastases of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) metastasizing to the parotid gland can cause facial nerve (FN) dysfunction secondary to direct invasion, perineural spread, or surgical ablation. This study aims to characterize the prevalence of preoperative FN involvement in metastatic cSCC to the parotid and identify risk factors resulting in FN sacrifice.

Methods: Patients with parotid metastases from cSCC, treated surgically with parotidectomy with curative intent were identified through a retrospective cohort analysis of a prospectively maintained Sydney Head and Neck database from 1992 to 2021.

Music Perception, Appreciation, and Participation in Postlingually Deafened Adults and Cochlear Implant Users: A Systematic Literature Review.

This systematic literature review explored the relationship between hearing loss, the use of hearing aids or cochlear implants, and late-deafened adults' perception and appreciation of, and participation in, music. To identify articles, four databases were searched, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and American Psychological Association (APA) PsycINFO, using terms associated with hearing loss, hearing aids, cochlear implants, music perception, appreciation, or participation. The included studies were empirical, written in English, peer reviewed, used any research method, had no date restrictions, and involved late-deafened adults.

'I'm sick of being the problem': Autistic mothers' experiences of interacting with schools for their autistic children.

Good relationships between families and schools make a difference to children's learning - and the same goes for autistic children. But parents of autistic children often find it very stressful interacting with teachers and school staff. In this study, we focused on autistic parents of autistic children.

Muscle ultrasound aids diagnosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objective: There is a need for improved diagnostic tools in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Our objective was to assess muscle ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in patients with ALS and determine a simplified screening protocol to aid implementation in clinical practice.

Methods: Ultrasound of bulbar and limb muscles was prospectively performed on all patients referred to a single centre with suspected ALS.

Evaluating the accuracy of an automatic counting system to detect dispensing of hand hygiene product.

Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is an essential element of infection prevention and control programs. Direct observation of adherence to the 5 moments for HH is considered the gold standard in compliance monitoring. However, as direct observation introduces potential bias, other strategies have been proposed to supplement HH compliance data in healthcare facilities.

Template-based modeling of insect odorant receptors outperforms AlphaFold3 for ligand binding predictions.

Insects rely on odorant receptors (ORs) to detect and respond to volatile environmental cues, so the ORs are attracting increasing interest as potential targets for pest control. However, experimental analysis of their structures and functions faces significant challenges. Computational methods such as template-based modeling (TBM) and AlphaFold3 (AF3) could facilitate the structural characterisation of ORs.

Optimizing parenting and child outcomes following parent-child interaction therapy - toddler: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Toddler (PCIT-T) is an attachment-informed intervention model designed to meet the specific developmental needs of toddlers aged 12-24 months presenting with challenging behaviors.

Methods: This study used a randomized controlled design to evaluate outcomes of PCIT-T for children aged 14-24 months with disruptive behaviors. Ninety toddlers with parent-reported disruptive behavior were randomly allocated to PCIT-T (intervention), an active control condition (Circle of Security- Parenting™; COS-P), or a non-treatment control condition (wait-list; WL).

Pinpointing the timing of meiosis: a critical factor in evaluating the impact of abiotic stresses on the fertility of cereal crops.

The development of male gametes, vital to sexual reproduction in crops, requires meiosis followed by successive mitotic cell divisions of haploid cells. The formation of viable pollen is especially vulnerable to abiotic stress, with consequences both for yield and for grain quality. An understanding of key molecular responses when specific stages during pollen development are subjected to stress (e.

The brief pain inventory-Interference Subscale has acceptable reliability but questionable validity in acute back and neck pain populations.

Background: The Brief Pain Inventory-Interference Subscale (BPI-IS) is a subscale of the BPI assessment tool developed to rapidly assess the impact of a person's pain on their function. It is uncertain whether it has one or two factors, and whether it has acceptable clinimetric properties in a mixed spinal pain (back and/or neck) population.

Objectives: To determine the clinimetric properties of the BPI-IS in a population with mixed spinal pain.

VEP Latency Delay Reflects Demyelination Beyond the Optic Nerve in the Cuprizone Model.

Purpose: Remyelination therapies are advancing for multiple sclerosis, focusing on visual pathways and using visual evoked potentials (VEPs) for de/remyelination processes. While the cuprizone (CZ) model and VEPs are core tools in preclinical trials, many overlook the posterior visual pathway. This study aimed to assess functional and structural changes across the murine visual pathway during de/remyelination.