"I might not fit that doctor image": Ideal worker norms and women medical students.

Despite the increasing numbers of women students in medical schools, focused attention on their perceptions about medical school and the medical profession remain underexamined. These perceptions are important to understand, particularly since women students are likely burdened with a host of gender norms related to work, family, and their future roles as physicians. Early experiences in medical school offer important insights into the larger student experience and are tied to academic outcomes and feelings of belonging.

Association of Fluoroquinolone Prescribing Rates With Black Box Warnings from the US Food and Drug Administration.

Importance: In 2013 and 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued warnings and recommended limited use of fluoroquinolones for patients with certain acute conditions. It is not clear how prescribers have responded to these warnings.

Objective: To analyze changes in prescribing of fluoroquinolones after the 2013 and 2016 FDA warnings and to examine the physician characteristics associated with these changes.

A metabolomics approach identified toxins associated with uremic symptoms in advanced chronic kidney disease.

Uremic symptoms are common in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, but the toxins that cause these symptoms are unknown. To evaluate this, we performed a cross-sectional study of the 12 month post-randomization follow-up visit of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) participants reporting uremic symptoms who also had available stored serum. We quantified 1,163 metabolites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Minimal Cycle Representatives in Persistent Homology Using Linear Programming: An Empirical Study With User's Guide.

Cycle representatives of persistent homology classes can be used to provide descriptions of topological features in data. However, the non-uniqueness of these representatives creates ambiguity and can lead to many different interpretations of the same set of classes. One approach to solving this problem is to optimize the choice of representative against some measure that is meaningful in the context of the data.

Left Hemisphere Dominance for Negative Facial Expressions: The Influence of Task.

Major theories of hemisphere asymmetries in facial expression processing predict right hemisphere dominance for negative facial expressions of disgust, fear, and sadness, however, some studies observe left hemisphere dominance for one or more of these expressions. Research suggests that tasks requiring the identification of six basic emotional facial expressions (angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, sad, and surprised) are more likely to produce left hemisphere involvement than tasks that do not require expression identification. The present research investigated this possibility in two experiments that presented six basic emotional facial expressions to the right or left hemisphere using a divided-visual field paradigm.

Elevated Stratifin promotes cisplatin-based chemotherapy failure and poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Drug resistance is a key factor in the treatment failure of clinical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after adjuvant chemotherapy. Here, our results provide the first evidence that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2b subunit delta (EIF2B4)-Stratifin (SFN) fusion and increased SFN expression are associated with chemotherapy tolerance and activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in NSCLC patients, suggesting that SFN might have potential prognostic value as a tumor biomarker for the prognosis of patients with NSCLC.

Characterizing Differences in Thymic Function in Women With and Without Vulvodynia: A Community-Based Study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between vulvodynia and thymic function.

Materials And Methods: In this case-control study of 200 clinically confirmed cases of vulvodynia and 205 general population controls residing in the Minneapolis/Saint Paul metropolitan area, we used DNA extracted from whole blood to measure levels of signal joint T-cell receptor excision circles (sjTRECs), a measure of thymic output. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between vulvodynia and thymic function.

Intraoperative Methadone Use in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To investigate the effects of intraoperative methadone in comparison with those of standard-of-care intraoperative opioids, such as fentanyl and morphine, on pain scores, opioid consumption, and adverse effects in adults undergoing cardiothoracic surgery.

Methods: The literature was reviewed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, followed by a manual search of the reference lists of the identified articles. Search terms included a combination of "intraoperative methadone," "methadone," and "cardiac surgery.

The role of β-hairpin conformation in ester hydrolysis peptide catalysts based on a TrpZip scaffold.

To explore the role of peptide conformation on catalytic activity in the context of ester hydrolysis catalysts, pairs of sequences were designed that contained or lacked β-hairpin character. For the hydrolysis of -nitrophenylacetate in aqueous media, we found small but consistent trends wherein His-containing sequences based on a scaffold showed higher catalytic activity without β-hairpin character.

Cata-Annulated Azaacene Bisimides.

Ultra-electron-deficient azaacenes were synthesized via Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of ortho-diaminoarenes with chlorinated mellophanic diimide followed by oxidation of the intermediate N,N'-dihydro compounds with MnO or PbO . The resulting cata-annulated bisimide azaacenes have ultrahigh electron affinities with first reduction potentials as low as -0.35 V recorded for a tetraazapentacene.

Treatment age and neurocognitive outcomes following proton beam radiotherapy for pediatric low- and intermediate-grade gliomas.

The relationship between age and neurocognitive functioning following proton beam radiotherapy (PRT) in low- and intermediate-grade gliomas (LIGG) has yet to be examined. Eighteen LIGG patients treated with PRT were prospectively enrolled and received annual neurocognitive evaluations of perceptual/verbal reasoning, working memory, and processing speed postradiotherapy. The median age at diagnosis was 8.

A risk set adjustment for proportional hazards modeling of combined cohort data.

Sporting careers observed over a preset time interval can be partitioned into two distinct subsamples. These samples consist of individuals whose careers had already commenced at the start of the time interval (prevalent subsample) and individuals whose careers began during the time interval (incident subsample) as well the respective individual-level covariate data such as salary, height, weight, performance statistics, draft position, etc. Under the assumption of a proportional hazards model, we propose a partial likelihood estimator to model the effect of covariates on survival via an adjusted risk set sampling procedure for when the incident cohort data is used in conjunction with the prevalent cohort data.

"Pretty hurts": Acceptance of hegemonic feminine beauty ideals and reduced sexual well-being among Black women.

Although women are expected to idealize and achieve hegemonic feminine beauty standards such as being slender and lighter skinned, few studies have examined how women's investment in achieving these restrictive feminine appearance ideals may influence their sexual attitudes and behaviors. Even less is known about Black women. We surveyed 640 Black college women to test hypotheses that endorsement of hegemonic beauty ideals would be positively associated with four dimensions of negative sexual affect (sexual guilt, shame, emotional distancing, and self-consciousness) and negatively associated with two dimensions of sexual agency (sexual assertiveness and satisfaction).

Rhyme as resonance in poetry comprehension: An expert-novice study.

Previous research has identified alliteration as a powerful device for investigating implicit memory effects. For example, alliterative phrases can provide retrieval cues that extend to a sublexical level and reactivate previous information that shares alliterative content (Lea et al., Psychological Science, 19[7], 709-716, 2008).

Performance Variability During Motor Learning of a New Balance Task in a Non-immersive Virtual Environment in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing Peers.

Motor impairments contribute to performance variability in children with cerebral palsy (CP) during motor skill learning. Non-immersive virtual environments (VEs) are popular interventions to promote motor learning in children with hemiplegic CP. Greater understanding of performance variability as compared to typically developing (TD) peers during motor learning in VEs may inform clinical decisions about practice dose and challenge progression.

[The pandemic: Donald Trump's last act?].

This article examines President Donald Trump's handling of the covid-19 pandemic in the United States.

Moral foundations theory, political identity, and the depiction of morality in children's movies.

Children's movies often provide messages about morally appropriate and inappropriate conduct. In two studies, we draw on Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) to derive predictions about actual depictions of morality, and people's preferences for different moral depictions, within children's movies. According to MFT, people's moral concerns include individualizing foundations of care and fairness and binding foundations of loyalty, authority, and sanctity.

Longitudinal association between sleep and 5-year incident metabolic syndrome in older Chinese adults: a community-based cohort study.

Purpose: Our aim was to investigate the association between sleep and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese older adults and to accumulate evidence for the prevention of MetS through sleep management.

Methods: This prospective study followed 3005 participants aged over 60 derived from the Weitang Geriatric Diseases Study who were without MetS at baseline. MetS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria.

Psychological distress and parental involvement among adolescents in 67 low-income and middle-income countries: A population-based study.

Background: Adolescents with mental illnesses account for a significant proportion of young people globally. Mental illness is a major public health problem because of its harmful effects on adolescents' development. There is a need to better understand the prevalence and protective factors regarding adolescents' psychological distress to inform policies for effective prevention.

An investigation of Jezebel stereotype awareness, gendered racial identity and sexual beliefs and behaviours among Black adult women.

Evidence suggests that the intersectional nature of Black women's race and gender identities influence their awareness of sexual scripts such as the hypersexual, Jezebel stereotype. This study examined the role of the Jezebel stereotype and Black women's identity beliefs on their sexual beliefs and behaviours. Specifically, we investigated the role of gendered racial identity beliefs on the relationship between Jezebel stereotype awareness and Black women's sexual behaviours (sexual assertiveness, sexual satisfaction, sexual guilt and attachment avoidance in relationships).

Wild primate microbiomes prevent weight gain in germ-free mice.

Background: The gut microbiome harbors trillions of bacteria that play a major role in dietary nutrient extraction and host metabolism. Metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are associated with shifts in microbiome composition and have been on the rise in Westernized or highly industrialized countries. At the same time, Westernized diets low in dietary fiber have been shown to cause loss of gut microbial diversity.

Late Cretaceous bird from Madagascar reveals unique development of beaks.

Mesozoic birds display considerable diversity in size, flight adaptations and feather organization, but exhibit relatively conserved patterns of beak shape and development. Although Neornithine (that is, crown group) birds also exhibit constraint on facial development, they have comparatively diverse beak morphologies associated with a range of feeding and behavioural ecologies, in contrast to Mesozoic birds. Here we describe a crow-sized stem bird, Falcatakely forsterae gen.