Modulating risk-taking behavior with theta-band tACS.

Although risk is prevalent in decision-making, the specific neural processes underlying risk-taking behavior remain unclear. Previous studies have suggested that frontal theta-band activity plays a crucial role in modulating risk-taking behavior. The functional relevance of theta in risk-taking behavior is yet to be clearly established and studies using noninvasive brain stimulation have yielded inconsistent findings.

Neurometabolic correlates of posturography in normal aging and older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Evidence from a H-MRS study.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) holds promise for revealing and understanding neurodegenerative processes associated with cognitive and functional impairments in aging. In the present study, we examined the neurometabolic correlates of balance performance in 42 cognitively intact older adults (healthy controls - HC) and 26 older individuals that were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Neurometabolite ratios of total N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA), glutamate-glutamine complex (Glx), total choline (tCho) and myo-inositol (mIns) relative to total creatine (tCr) were assessed using single voxel H-MRS in four different brain regions.

A Novel Biomimetic Tool for Assessing Vitamin K Status Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers.

Vitamin K was originally discovered as a cofactor required to activate clotting factors and has recently been shown to play a key role in the regulation of soft tissue calcification. This property of vitamin K has led to an increased interest in novel methods for accurate vitamin K detection. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) could offer a solution, as they have been used as synthetic receptors in a large variety of biomimetic sensors for the detection of similar molecules over the past few decades, because of their robust nature and remarkable selectivity.

Evidence for prostaglandin E2 receptor expression in the intramural ganglia of the guinea pig urinary bladder.

Intramural ganglia are present in the bladder wall of several species including human, pig, and guinea-pig. It has been suggested that there is a network of intramural ganglia in the bladder of these species that may be part of a motor-sensory system and receive afferent input. Prostaglandins (PG) have been suggested to play a role in this afferent signalling mechanism.

Implementing care programmes for frail older people: a project management perspective.

Objective: To examine the issues that influenced the implementation of programmes designed to identify and support frail older people in the community in the Netherlands.

Methods: Qualitative research methods were used to investigate the perspectives of project leaders, project members and members of the steering committee responsible for the implementation of the programmes. Interviews were conducted in 2009 (n = 10) and in 2012 (n = 13) and a focus group was organised in 2012 (n = 5).

Evolutionary factor analysis of replicated time series.

In this article, we develop a novel method that explains the dynamic structure of multi-channel electroencephalograms (EEGs) recorded from several trials in a motor-visual task experiment. Preliminary analyses of our data suggest two statistical challenges. First, the variance at each channel and cross-covariance between each pair of channels evolve over time.

Similar hypercoagulable state and thrombosis risk in type I and type III protein S-deficient individuals from families with mixed type I/III protein S deficiency.

Background: Protein S, which circulates in plasma in both free and bound forms, is an anticoagulant protein that stimulates activated protein C and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Hereditary type I protein S deficiency (low total and low free protein S) is a well-established risk factor for venous thrombosis, whereas the thrombosis risk associated with type III deficiency (normal total and low free protein S) has been questioned.

Design And Methods: Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed on 242 individuals from 30 families with protein S deficiency.

The influence of emotion-focused rumination and distraction on depressive symptoms in non-clinical youth: a meta-analytic review.

This review examined evidence for some core predictions of the response styles theory (RST) concerning the relation between response styles and symptoms of depression and gender differences in the use of response styles in non-clinical children and adolescents. In summarizing the literature, effect sizes (pooled correlation coefficients) were calculated for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Stability of the obtained effect sizes was evaluated by means of a fail-safe N analysis.

Smoking status and peer support as the main predictors of smoking cessation in adolescents from six European countries.

We compared 1,335 adolescent smokers and quitters from six European countries with regard to attitudes toward smoking, self-efficacy, social influences, and intentions to quit smoking. At 6-month follow-up, occasional, weekly, and daily smokers who had quit indicated less social influence of friends and siblings toward smoking, acknowledged more disadvantages of smoking, and expressed more confidence that they would be able not to smoke in various tempting situations. Logistic regression analyses revealed that smoking status at baseline and social influence of peers were the main predictors of cessation.