Localization of mutant ubiquitin in the brain of a transgenic mouse line with proteasomal inhibition and its validation at specific sites in Alzheimer's disease.

Loss of protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) during aging is one of the processes putatively contributing to cellular stress and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Recently, pooled Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), pathway analysis and proteomics identified protein ubiquitination as one of the key modulators of AD. Mutations in ubiquitin B mRNA that result in UBB(+1) dose-dependently cause an impaired UPS, subsequent accumulation of UBB(+1) and most probably depositions of other aberrant proteins present in plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

The vestibular implant: frequency-dependency of the electrically evoked vestibulo-ocular reflex in humans.

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) shows frequency-dependent behavior. This study investigated whether the characteristics of the electrically evoked VOR (eVOR) elicited by a vestibular implant, showed the same frequency-dependency. Twelve vestibular electrodes implanted in seven patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH) were tested.

Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging of the basal ganglia and related structures.

Deep brain stimulation is a treatment for Parkinson's disease and other related disorders, involving the surgical placement of electrodes in the deeply situated basal ganglia or thalamic structures. Good clinical outcome requires accurate targeting. However, due to limited visibility of the target structures on routine clinical MR images, direct targeting of structures can be challenging.

A critical reflection on the technological development of deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Since the translational research findings of Benabid and colleagues which partly led to their seminal paper regarding the treatment of mainly tremor-dominant Parkinson patients through thalamic high-frequency-stimulation (HFS) in 1987, we still struggle with identifying a satisfactory mechanistic explanation of the underlying principles of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Furthermore, the technological advance of DBS devices (electrodes and implantable pulse generators, IPG's) has shown a distinct lack of dynamic progression. In light of this we argue that it is time to leave the paleolithic age and enter hellenistic times: the device-manufacturing industry and the medical community together should put more emphasis on advancing the technology rather than resting on their laurels.

Hemolysis during cardiac surgery is associated with increased intravascular nitric oxide consumption and perioperative kidney and intestinal tissue damage.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and intestinal injury negatively impact patient outcome after cardiac surgery. Enhanced nitric oxide (NO) consumption due to intraoperative intravascular hemolysis, may play an important role in this setting. This study investigated the impact of hemolysis on plasma NO consumption, AKI, and intestinal tissue damage, after cardiac surgery.

Delayed convergence between brain network structure and function in rolandic epilepsy.

Introduction: Rolandic epilepsy (RE) manifests during a critical phase of brain development, and has been associated with language impairments. Concordant abnormalities in structural and functional connectivity (SC and FC) have been described before. As SC and FC are under mutual influence, the current study investigates abnormalities in the SC-FC synergy in RE.

Current techniques and strategies for anesthesia in patients undergoing peripheral bypass surgery.

Peripheral arterial disease is an illness with a high prevalence in Europe and North America. The disease is associated with a significant impact on quality of life. Despite advanced medical and endovascular treatments, surgery is often indicated to prevent the consequences of ischemic injury.

The current endovascular therapeutic spectrum for short neck and juxtarenal aneurysms.

Endovascular treatment of short neck infrarenal and juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is feasible. Many different techniques have been used, including standard stent-grafts with or without adjuncts as endoanchors or chimney grafts, fenestrated stent-grafts or even newer concepts like the multilayer flow modulating stent. The purpose of this article was to describe the techniques, the indications and results of the various endovascular methods to treat short neck infrarenal and juxtarenal AAA.

Analysis of right and left ventricular deformation in former world class swimmers: evaluation using speckle tracking.

Aim: There is a longstanding debate over the long-term effect of intensive endurance training on cardiac function. Usually, echocardiography has been used as a global evaluation of left ventricular (LV) or right ventricular (RV) function and dimensions. Recently, speckle tracking strain (ST) has provided an analysis of regional RV and LV function.

Haloperidol-induced changes in neuronal activity in the striatum of the freely moving rat.

The striatum is the main input structure of the basal ganglia, integrating input from the cerebral cortex and the thalamus, which is modulated by midbrain dopaminergic input. Dopamine modulators, including agonists and antagonists, are widely used to relieve motor and psychiatric symptoms in a variety of pathological conditions. Haloperidol, a dopamine D2 antagonist, is commonly used in multiple psychiatric conditions and motor abnormalities.

No increase of local recurrence rate in breast cancer patients treated with skin-sparing mastectomy followed by immediate breast reconstruction.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of local recurrence after SSM with IBR and to determine whether complications lead to postponement of adjuvant therapy.

Method: Patients that underwent IBR after SSM between 2004 and 2011 were included.

Results: A total of 157 reconstruction procedures were performed in 147 patients for invasive breast cancer (n = 117) and ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 40).

Brown adipose tissue activity after a high-calorie meal in humans.

Background: Studies in rodents have shown that brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated on food intake, thereby reducing metabolic efficiency.

Objective: The current study investigated whether a single high-calorie, carbohydrate-rich meal activates BAT in lean human adults.

Design: BAT activity was studied in 11 lean adult men [age: 23.

Bilateral analysis of the cross-sectional area of the internal mammary arteries and veins in patients with and without breast cancer on breast magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To analyse bilateral differences in the cross-sectional area of the internal mammary artery (IMA) and vein (IMV) in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: On 135 breast MRIs the cross-sectional areas of the IMA and IMV were measured on the left and right side in the second and third intercostal space (ICS) by two independent readers. Differences were analysed using a linear mixed model.

Radiation-induced oesophagitis in lung cancer patients. Is susceptibility for neutropenia a risk factor?

Background: Radiation-induced oesophagitis is a major side effect of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A strong association between neutropenia and oesophagitis was previously shown, but external validation and further elucidation of the possible mechanisms are lacking.

Methods And Patients: A total of 119 patients were included at two institutions.

Impedance measurements and high-resolution manometry help to better define rumination episodes.

Background: Rumination syndrome is a disorder of unknown etiology characterized by regurgitation of recently ingested food. We aimed to improve the diagnosis of rumination syndrome by classification of separate rumination symptoms using (1) an ambulatory manometry/impedance (AMIM) measurement and (2) a single-catheter high-resolution manometry/impedance (HRIM) measurement.

Methods: A total of 96 symptoms during AMIM and 37 symptoms during HRIM were analyzed in five patients with clinically diagnosed rumination syndrome.

Human brown fat and obesity: methodological aspects.

Much is known about brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rodents. Its function is to generate heat in response to low environmental temperatures and to diet or overfeeding. The knowledge about BAT in humans is still rather limited despite the recent rediscovery of its functionality in adults.

NSF prevention in clinical practice: summary of recommendations and guidelines in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

In this article we summarize recommendations and guidelines for the prevention of NSF from the United States, Canada, and Europe. J. Magn.