Spatiotemporal analysis of drug-resistant TB patients registered in selected districts of Karnataka, South India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) depicts heterogeneous spatial patterns with geographical aggregation of TB cases due to either ongoing person-to-person transmission or reactivation of latent infection in a community sharing risk factor. In this regard, we aimed to assess the spatiotemporal aggregation of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) patients notified to the national TB program (NTP) from 2015 to 2018 in selected districts of Karnataka, South India.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among DR-TB patients notified from Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, and Chikamagalur districts of the state of Karnataka.

Enablers and Challenges in the Implementation of Active Case Findings in a Selected District of Karnataka, South India: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) is a promising tool to enhance early case detection among marginalized populations. As opposed to passive case finding, it involves systematically searching for TB in individuals who would not spontaneously present for care. The National TB Program (NTP) of India has initiated ACF for TB through the existing general health system since the end of 2017.

Morphological Variations of Peroneus Tertius: A Cadaveric Study with Anatomical and Clinical Consideration.

Objective: The objective of this study was to highlight variations in the morphology of peroneus tertius muscle owing to its evolutional, academic, and clinical importance.

Methods: Sixty-six disarticulated lower limbs were used to study the morphological variations of peroneus tertius (PT) muscle like absence, duplication, accessory PT muscle, and abnormal site of origin and insertion. Detailed dissection was performed to study the proximal and distal attachments of PT muscle, and observed variations were recorded.

Classification of fever patterns using a single extracted entropy feature: A feasibility study based on Sample Entropy.

Fever is a common symptom of many diseases. Fever temporal patterns can be different depending on the specific pathology. Differentiation of diseases based on multiple mathematical features and visual observations has been recently studied in the scientific literature.

Significance of platelet indices as severity marker in nonthrombocytopenic preeclampsia cases.

Context: Preeclampsia is often asymptomatic, and hence, its detection depends on signs or investigations. The platelet (PLT) parameters, in cases of preeclampsia with normal PLT count, are seldom analyzed. Hence, this study was undertaken to study the PLT parameters in nonthrombocytopenic preeclampsia cases.

RRI as Diagnostic and Follow up Indicator in Cirrhosis of the Liver with Hepatorenal Syndrome and Refractory Ascites.

Introduction: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a syndrome of functional renal failure occurring in patients with advanced liver failure in the absence of clinical, laboratory, or histological evidence of other known causes of renal failure. However HRS has always been considered to be potentially reversible. RRI (Renal Resistive Index) is an affordable, non invasive and easily available tool which can be used to detect the early onset of HRS.

Geriatric Dysphonia: Etiological Analysis in a Rural Hospital in India.

To establish the prevalence of etiological factors for dysphonia in elderly individuals in rural India. Hundred adults aged ≥ 65 years, who presented with dysphonia for ≥ 4 weeks and underwent detailed clinical evaluation including videolaryngoscopic assessment and other appropriate investigations/evaluation, were included in a retrospective cohort clinical study. Patients were classified into eight groups for further descriptive statistical analysis based on standard diagnostic criteria/guidelines i.

A study on awareness about breast carcinoma and practice of breast self-examination among basic sciences' college students, Bengaluru.

Background: In India, the number of new breast cancer cases is about 115,000 per year and this is expected to rise to 250,000 new cases per year by 2015. It needs to be noted that breast cancer is leading in the age groups of 15-34 years which is a cause of concern as this denotes the need for educative and awareness programs targeting younger members of the society, to implement early practices of breast examination. This study was carried out with the intention of assessing the level of knowledge and awareness of carcinoma breast and breast self-examination (BSE) in female college students.

A Study of Correlation of Neck Circumference with Framingham Risk Score as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease.

Introduction: It has been observed that metabolic syndrome is risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and exerts its effects through fat deposition and vascular aging. CAD has been acknowledged as a leading cause of death. In earlier studies, the metabolic risk has been estimated by Framingham risk score.

Management of Mediated Systemic Infection by Enhancing the Resurging Activity of Co-trimoxazole in Presence of Cryptdin-2.

Resurgence of sensitivity of the antibiotics, to which the pathogen had developed resistance in the past, requires special attention for strengthening the reservoir of antimicrobial compounds. Reports in the recent past have suggested that co-trimoxazole (COT) has regained its activity against methicillin resistant (MRSA). The present study exploited the use of COT in the presence of an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), cryptdin-2 (a murine Paneth cell alpha defensin), in order to reduce the selective pressure of the antibiotic on the pathogen.

An observational Study of the Association between Androgenetic Alopecia and Size of the Prostate.

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by miniaturization of the hair follicle, leading to vellus transformation of the terminal hair follicle. It is caused by interactions between androgens, several genes, and environmental factors with hair follicles. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is highly prevalent among elderly men but infrequent in those younger than 40 years.

Perspectives of health care provider regarding TB-HIV referral strategy and non-uptake of HIV testing in Delhi - A qualitative study.

Background: DOTS provider and medical officer play an integral role in implementation of RNTCP. Understanding provider perspectives is an integral component of evaluating programme to improve services to identify the areas for quality improvement and universal HIV testing among TB patients.

Objective: To describe the perception of health care providers regarding TB-HIV referral strategy and reasons for non-uptake of HIV testing.

Fibromatosis over the dorsa of both feet: An unusual presentation.

Fibromatosis is benign fibrous tissue condition intermediate between benign fibroma and metastasizing fibrosarcoma. The lesion tends to infiltrate and recur when removed, but do not metastasize. The lesion may be single or multiple, and the likelihood of recurrence after surgical removal varies with location of the lesion and age.

Scleredema adultorum of Buschke over an unusual site associated with pregnancy.

Scleredema adultorum of Buschke is characterized by symmetrical, diffuse, non-pitting erythematous swelling of the skin due to accumulation of collagen and mucopolysaccharides in the dermis. Herein we report a case of scleredema over an unusual site in a pregnant woman.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of thyroid - a mimicker of medullary carcinoma at fine needle aspiration cytology: A case report.

A rare case of extra medullary plasmacytoma (EMP) of thyroid gland in a 60 year old male, occurring against a background of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is reported. The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) initially done as an outpatient procedure, showed atypical epithelial cells on a background of amyloid. Considering these findings we gave a diagnosis of medullary carcinoma.

Segmental lichen planus pigmentosus: An unusual presentation.

Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is a distinct clinical entity commonly encountered in the Indian population. It is considered a variant of lichen planus (LP). A 40-year-old male presented with asymptomatic hyperpigmented macules in a segmental distribution since 10 years that were clinically and histopathologically suggestive of LPP.

Renal tuberculosis presenting as thigh abscess.

Tuberculosis is one of the major health problems in India. Genitourinary tuberculosis, 20 % of all extrapulmonary tuberculosis, is the most common extrapulmonary system to be affected by this disease. Kidney is the most common genitourinary organ to be affected.

A case of neurodermatitis circumscipta of scalp presenting as patchy alopecia.

Neurodermatitis or Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is chronic skin disease in which emotional factors have a key role in the initiation of disease. A sixty year old lady presented with itcy lesion of scalp with localised area of loss of hair. After proper history taking and investigations she was diagnosed as LSC of scalp.

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: antenatal diagnosis and histopathological correlation.

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is one of the most common inheritable disease manifesting in infancy and childhood with a frequency of 1:6,000 to 1:55,000 births. The patient in her second trimester presented with a history of amenorrhea. Ultrasound examination revealed bilateral, enlarged, hyperechogenic kidneys, placentomegaly, and severe oligohydramnios.

A rare case of zosteriform cutaneous metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate.

A 70-year-old woman presented with painful nodules on the left side of the neck of 1 month duration. Upon questioning, the patient gave history of reverse smoking since 50 years. On examination, the patient had a superficial ulcer over the hard palate.

Broad ligament fibroid mimicking as ovarian tumor on ultrasonography and computed tomography scan.

Giant fibroids are known to arise from the uterus, and very rarely from the broad ligament. Large fibroids often undergo hyaline, cystic, and at times, red degeneration. In the present case, cystic degeneration with intervening septations in an adnexal mass raised the suspicion of ovarian neoplasm as the ovaries were not seen as separate from the lesion.