Dietary Habits and Their Impact on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).

Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is marked by the frequent occurrence of stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn and acid regurgitation at least once a week. When reflux leads to troublesome symptoms and esophageal damage and adversely affects quality of life, it is diagnosed as GERD. Age, gender, ethnicity, genetic predispositions, and aspects of diet and lifestyle, including factors like obesity and smoking, are associated with GERD.

Investigating Urinary Pathogens and Their Antibiotic Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Urine Culture Study.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent infectious diseases. Females are more affected than males. The primary culprit is Escherichia coli.

Risk Stratification, Intention to Fast, and Outcomes of Fasting During Ramadan in People With Diabetes Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the stratification of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) based on the International Diabetes Federation-Diabetes and Ramadan 2021 risk calculator into different risk categories and assess their intentions to fast and outcomes of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.

Methods: This was a 3-month prospective study that was performed from February 9, 2023, to May 6, 2023 (6 weeks before Ramadan until 6 weeks after Ramadan), at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Data regarding glycemic control, characteristics and complications of diabetes, comorbidities, and the various factors that influence fasting were gathered from patients of either sex aged 18 to 80 years with any type of diabetes.

Assessment of Liver Transplant Eligibility in Chronic Liver Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan.

Introduction: The burden of chronic liver disease (CLD) is increasing globally and the ultimate treatment is a liver transplant. As Pakistan is a developing country, liver transplantation is not easily available due to limited resources. This study aims to assess the patients with CLD for liver transplantation and to find the frequency of eligible candidates for liver transplantation.

Global 30-day morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer: GRACE study.

Background: There is little international data on morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). This study aimed to understand the global 30-day morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing surgery for PPU and to identify variables associated with these.

Method: We performed an international study of adults (≥ 18 years) who underwent surgery for PPU from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022.

Safety of high-risk diabetic patients during Ramadan at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan, practicing updated IDF DAR guidelines.

Objective: To determine trend of following medical advice and safety of high-risk diabetic patients during Ramadan practicing updated IDF DAR guidelines.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Outpatient Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan from April to June 2022, and comprised of high-risk diabetic patients (>6.0) based on updated IDF-DAR guidelines 2022 intending to fast.

Blood-Derived Eye Drops for the Treatment of Corneal Neuropathic Pain.

Blood-derived preparations, including autologous or allogenic serum, umbilical cord serum/plasma, and platelet-rich plasma eye drops, contain various growth factors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins that resemble natural tears. These components play important roles in corneal cell migration, proliferation, and wound healing. Blood-derived eye drops have demonstrated clinical effectiveness across a spectrum of ocular surface conditions, encompassing dry eye disease, Sjögren's syndrome, graft-versus-host disease, and neuropathic corneal pain (NCP).

Modified ferriman-gallwey score and hirsutism among normal healthy female population.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Hirsutism by using the mFG score and to identify the mean mFG score among the normal healthy female population of Peshawar.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 normal healthy married women aged between 20 to 40 years from 14 April 2022 to 13 October 2022 at Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar. The mFG score was used to evaluate Hirsutism, a score of eight or above was regarded as indicative of Hirsutism.

Incidence of infection in carpal tunnel surgery with and without the use of local antibiotics.

Objectives: To compare the infection rate in patients who underwent carpal tunnel surgery with and without instilling local antibiotics into the surgical wound.

Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Unit of Neurosurgery, Government Naseer Ullah Babar Memorial Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, and comprised data from July 2019 to July 2021 related to non-diabetic patients without any comorbidity who had undergone fresh carpal tunnel surgery. The cases had been operated by two surgeons having a different approach to preventing infection in carpal tunnel surgery cases.

Innovative Approaches to Safe Surgery: A Narrative Synthesis of Best Practices.

By encompassing a wide range of best practices within the ever-changing realm of modern surgical care, this exhaustive narrative compendium attempts to unravel the complex tapestry of novel approaches to safe surgery. Within the context of a dynamic surgical environment, this research endeavors to illuminate and integrate state-of-the-art methods that collectively methodically improve patient safety. The narrative elucidates a diverse array of practices that seek to revolutionize the paradigm of safe surgery, emphasizing technological progress, patient-centric approaches, and global viewpoints.

Transient Intraocular Pressure Fluctuations After Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients: A Prospective Study.

Introduction: The clinical use of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that functions as an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), has recently increased in patients with retinal ischemic diseases such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The short-term and long-term complications associated with this procedure have not been well established. We aimed to study the possible short-term complication of intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations shortly after IVB injection in patients with PDR.

A Rare Case of Post-Traumatic Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Extrusion Through the Scleral Tunnel of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery.

Traumatic posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) extrusion via a self-sealing scleral tunnel, created for manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS), is a rare occurrence that has never been reported before. Usually, the PC-IOL protrudes through a ruptured cornea or falls back into the vitreous after blunt trauma. Here, we present a case of PC-IOL extrusion along the uveal tissue through the scleral tunnel in an 80-year-old woman with a history of MSICS who fell and hit her right eye on the stairs, resulting in sudden and painful loss of vision in the same eye.

The Intersection Between Malaria Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis and Their Potential Adverse Dermatologic Manifestations: A Narrative Review.

Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease caused by various forms of the protozoa and is transmitted by the female mosquito. The parasitic infection is endemic in 90 countries, with approximately 500 million cases reported annually and an estimated annual mortality of 1.5-2.

Bilateral thalamic infarction due to artery of Percheron occlusion: A case report.

The artery of Percheron is a rare variant of the posterior cerebral circulation. It is characterised by a single arterial trunk that supplies blood to bilateral paramedian thalami and rostral midbrain. Its occlusion can have a very wide range of presentation, and initial imaging including CT of the head maybe normal.

Unusual Local Therapies Used for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Sciatica: Concepts and Approaches.

Background and objective Low back pain (LBP) and sciatica are major healthcare issues globally. Since patients may seek various ways to cure their ailments, these conditions are managed not just by physicians, but many other health-related professionals provide alternative treatment options for it as well. We conducted this study to examine a local subset of patients who used stabbing their back and legs as a treatment option for curing LBP and sciatica.

Clinical Characteristics, Mortality and Associated risk factors in COVID-19 patients reported in ten major hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Background: COVID-19 is an ongoing public health issue across the world. Several risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 have been reported. The present study aims to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in Pakistan with highest COVID-19 associated case fatality rate.