Development and Validation of a Culturally Adapted, Event-related Potential Paradigm for Assessing Alcohol Cue Reactivity and Error Processing in Alcohol Dependence.

Background: Research on event-related potentials (ERP) in addiction highlights the importance of cognitive ERP markers, such as P300 and error-related negativity (ERN), in distinguishing between alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls. We aimed to develop and validate ERP paradigms utilizing culturally validated stimuli to evoke P300 and ERN for the Indian population.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 16 alcohol-dependent patients and age-matched healthy controls were recruited.

Selective enhancement of H signal from water and oil in porous media at low field with Overhauser DNP.

In porous media MR studies, discriminating between oil and water presents a challenge because MR lifetimes are often similar and spectra overlap. Low saturations might suggest an experimental strategy of increasing the static field for increased sensitivity, but susceptibility effects are exacerbated at higher field. Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization, effective at low static field, was employed with water and oil-soluble nitroxide to selectively enhance water and oil signals.

The matrix pencil as a tunable filter.

Despite inherent sensitivity constraints, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) plays an indispensable role in probing molecular structures and dynamics across scientific disciplines. Remarkably, while extensive efforts have targeted instrumental and experimental sensitivity improvements, comparatively little focus has been dedicated to sensitivity enhancement through signal analysis. Amidst this present gap, the matrix pencil method (MPM) has emerged as a versatile algorithm that offers tunable filtering and phasing capabilities.

Nigrostriatal blood-brain barrier opening in Parkinson's disease.

Background: The nigrostriatal system is especially vulnerable to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a limiting factor for delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. This pilot study aimed to demonstrate safety, feasibility and tissue penetration (by 18F-Choline-positron emission tomography (PET)) of MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) simultaneous BBB opening (BBB-O) in the substantia nigra (SN) and putamen in PD.

Methods: Three patients underwent MRgFUS for midbrain and putamen BBB-O.

Big talk, little action: the enduring narrative of primary care reform.

What is known about the topic ? Governments acknowledge that current health arrangements are unsustainable, and a better resourced, integrated, and connected primary care system is central to the future. What does this paper add ? This paper calls out the most significant barriers to implementing the required national reform and poses potential solutions in addressing them. What are the implications for practitioners ? Without action, we will see increased system cost, and decreased service access and quality for Australian communities.

The presence of cribriform pattern in prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy is associated with negative postoperative pathological features.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer worldwide. Its rising incidence and high overtreatment rate drive the search for new prognostic factors. Histopathological variants, such as cribriform pattern (CP), are associated with poorer oncologic outcome.

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Escherichia coli Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis Causing Sausage Toe Deformity: Successful Therapy with Ertapenem in the Outpatient Setting.

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot osteomyelitis is a high-morbidity and debilitating complication of diabetic foot ulcers that contributes to significantly worse quality of life in the affected population and higher cost of healthcare services. One of the clinical presentations of diabetic foot osteomyelitis is the 'sausage' toe deformity, which affects the phalanges (local soft tissue infection and underlying bony changes). This deformity is highly suggestive of the presence of osteomyelitis.

Fast spin echo MRI of reservoir core plugs with a variable field magnet.

Fast Spin Echo MRI is now widely employed in biomedicine for proton density and T contrast imaging. Fast Spin Echo methods provide rapid data acquisition by employing multiple echoes to determine multiple k-space lines with single excitations. Due to the multi-exponential behavior of T in typical porous media, and the strong dependence of T on the details of the experiment, acquiring a proton density image with Fast Spin Echo methods requires favorable sample and acquisition parameters.

Twisted pair transmission line coil - a flexible, self-decoupled and robust element for 7 T MRI.

Objective: This study evaluates the performance of a twisted pair transmission line coil as a transceive element for 7 T MRI in terms of physical flexibility, robustness to shape deformations, and interelement decoupling.

Methods: Each coil element was created by shaping a twisted pair of wires into a circle. One wire was interrupted at the top, while the other was interrupted at the bottom, and connected to the matching circuit.

A nonhuman primate model with Alzheimer's disease-like pathology induced by hippocampal overexpression of human tau.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most burdening diseases of the century with no disease-modifying treatment at this time. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) share genetic, anatomical, and physiological similarities with humans, making them ideal model animals for investigating the pathogenesis of AD and potential therapies. However, the use of NHPs in AD research has been hindered by the paucity of AD monkey models due to their long generation time, ethical considerations, and technical challenges in genetically modifying monkeys.

monitoring of mechanochemical MOF formation by NMR relaxation time correlation.

In this paper, we present a new approach to monitoring mechanochemical transformations, based on a magnetic resonance (MR) method in which relaxation time correlation maps are used to track the formation of the popular metal-organic framework (MOF) materials Zn-MOF-74 and ZIF-8. The two-dimensional (2D) relaxation correlation measurement employed yields a spectrum which visually and analytically identifies different H environments in the sample of interest. The measurement is well-suited to analyzing solid mixtures, and liquids, in complex systems.

Early-infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: the aetiologies, phenotypic differences and outcomes-a prospective observational study.

In this study, we have evaluated the underlying aetiologies, yield of genetic testing and long-term outcomes in patients with early-infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. We have prospectively studied patients with seizure onset before 3 months of age. Based on the clinical details, neuroimaging, metabolic testing and comprehensive genetic evaluation, patients were classified into different aetiological groups.

A low-field ceramic magnet design for magnetic resonance.

We describe the design of a low-field portable magnet, based on two ceramic magnets, separated by a distance, with their magnetic poles aligned to create a large homogeneous region with a field strength of 425 gauss. Ceramic magnets are an uncommon choice compared to Neodymium Iron Boron magnets for low-field magnetic resonance but are preferable for our purposes to create a homogeneous region at lower field strength. The low cost of large ceramic magnets results in an inexpensive design with a large measurement volume.

ATP-responsive Mn(II)-based contrast agent for MRI.

A novel diacetylpyridylcarbohydrazide-DAPyCOHz-based manganese(II) chelate with dipicolylamine/zinc(II) (DPA/Zn) arms (MnLDPA-Zn2) was developed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast applications. Compound 2 shows enhanced relaxivity ( = 11.52 mM s) upon selective ATP binding over other phosphates.

Brain hypometabolism in non-demented microtubule-associated protein tau H1 carriers with Parkinson's disease.

Background And Purpose: The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1 homozygosity (H1/H1 haplotype) is a genetic risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). MAPT H1 homozygosity has been associated with conversion to PD; however, results are conflicting since some studies did not find a strong influence. Cortical hypometabolism is associated with cognitive impairment in PD.

Application of diffusion weighted multiple boli ASL to a murine model of human African trypanosomiasis.

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a parasitic disease originating in sub-Saharan Africa. There is limited information about the changes in the blood brain barrier (BBB) during this infection. This study is the first to apply diffusion weighted ASL (DWASL) to examine changes in BBB impairment.

An eConsultant versus a hospital-based outpatient consultation for general (internal) medicine: a costing analysis.

Background: The eConsultant model of care is an outpatient substitution approach which has been evaluated and implemented extensively internationally. It provides an asynchronous, digital, clinician-to-clinician advice service, giving primary care physicians remote access to specialist support for patient care within 3 business days. Results from initial trials of the eConsultant model in Australia support international evidence of reduced wait times and improved access to specialist input, avoidance of face-to-face hospital outpatient visits, and better integrated care.

A vision of 14 T MR for fundamental and clinical science.

Objective: We outline our vision for a 14 Tesla MR system. This comprises a novel whole-body magnet design utilizing high temperature superconductor; a console and associated electronic equipment; an optimized radiofrequency coil setup for proton measurement in the brain, which also has a local shim capability; and a high-performance gradient set.

Research Fields: The 14 Tesla system can be considered a 'mesocope': a device capable of measuring on biologically relevant scales.

Broad learning for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using FDG-PET of the brain.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and the development of AD is irreversible. However, preventive measures in the presymptomatic stage of AD can effectively slow down deterioration. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) can detect the metabolism of glucose in patients' brains, which can help to identify changes related to AD before brain damage occurs.

Specific absorption rate (SAR) simulations for low-field (< 0.1 T) MRI systems.

Objective: To simulate the magnetic and electric fields produced by RF coil geometries commonly used at low field. Based on these simulations, the specific absorption rate (SAR) efficiency can be derived to ensure safe operation even when using short RF pulses and high duty cycles.

Methods: Electromagnetic simulations were performed at four different field strengths between 0.

Prostate Cancer Morphologies: Cribriform Pattern and Intraductal Carcinoma Relations to Adverse Pathological and Clinical Outcomes-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The present study aimed to assess the association between the cribriform pattern (CP)/intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and the adverse pathological and clinical outcomes in the radical prostatectomy (RP) cohort. A systematic search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement (PRISMA). The protocol from this review was registered on the PROSPERO platform.

Comparison of Structural Changes in Nodding Syndrome and Other Epilepsies Associated With .

Background And Objective: Nodding syndrome (NS) is a unique childhood-onset epileptic disorder that occurs predominantly in several regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The disease has been associated with -induced immune responses and possible cross-reactivity with host proteins. The aim of this study was to compare structural changes in the brain on MRI between NS and other forms of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsies (OAEs) and to relate structural changes to the Ov-induced immune responses and level of disability.

Serial magnetic resonance imaging of splenomegaly in the Trypanosoma brucei infected mouse.

Splenomegaly, an enlargement of the spleen, is a known clinical sign of the parasitic disease, human African trypanosomiasis. This study follows the development of splenomegaly in a group of mice over multiple infection points, using a non-invasive imaging modality, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CD-1 mice infected with GVR35 T.

Multicystic Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Kidney: A Case Report With Review of Literature.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm known to occur at various soft tissue and visceral locations. Kidney is one of the rare locations for these tumors with around 64 cases being available in the literature. Most of the renal SFTs are tan-white, solid, firm, unencapsulated, and lobulated masses.