Deuterium Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Quantifies Tumor Fraction in a Mouse Model of a Mixed Radiation Necrosis / GL261-Glioblastoma Lesion.

Purpose: Distinguishing recurrent brain tumor from treatment effects, including late time-to-onset radiation necrosis (RN), presents an on-going challenge in post-treatment imaging of neuro-oncology patients. Experiments were performed in a novel mouse model that recapitulates the relevant clinical histologic features of recurrent glioblastoma growing in a RN environment, the mixed tumor/RN model. The goal of this work was to apply single-voxel deuterium (H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), in concert with administration of deuterated glucose, to determine if the metabolic signature of aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect: glucose → lactate in the presence of O), a distinguishing characteristic of proliferating tumor, provides a quantitative readout of the tumor fraction (percent) in a mixed tumor/RN lesion.

Reproducibility of 3D MRSI for imaging human brain glucose metabolism using direct (H) and indirect (H) detection of deuterium labeled compounds at 7T and clinical 3T.

Introduction: Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) and quantitative exchange label turnover (QELT) are novel MR spectroscopy techniques for non-invasive imaging of human brain glucose and neurotransmitter metabolism with high clinical potential. Following oral or intravenous administration of non-ionizing [6,6'-H]-glucose, its uptake and synthesis of downstream metabolites can be mapped via direct or indirect detection of deuterium resonances using H MRSI (DMI) and H MRSI (QELT), respectively. The purpose of this study was to compare the dynamics of spatially resolved brain glucose metabolism, i.

T1 Mapping for Identifying the Substrate in Patients With Apparently Idiopathic Premature Ventricular Complexes.

Background: Myocardial fibrosis is implicated as a potential substrate responsible for arrhythmias.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate myocardial fibrosis assessed by T1 mapping in patients with apparently idiopathic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), and to determine the relationship between this tissue biomarker and PVC features.

Methods: Patients with frequent PVC (>1,000/24 h) who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2020 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated.

Feasibility of online non-rigid motion correction for high-resolution supine breast MRI.

Purpose: Conventional breast MRI is performed in the prone position with a dedicated coil. This allows high-resolution images without breast motion, but the patient position is inconsistent with that of other breast imaging modalities or interventions. Supine breast MRI may be an interesting alternative, but respiratory motion becomes an issue.

Prediction of adverse outcomes in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: A CMR-based nomogram.

Objectives: To develop and validate a novel nomogram score to predict outcomes in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) over a long follow-up period.

Methods: A total of 335 consecutive NIDCM patients who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging were retrospectively enrolled. Comprehensive clinical evaluation and imaging investigation were obtained, including measurements of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and feature tracking (FT) images.

Reconfigurable dipole receive array for dynamic parallel imaging at ultra-high magnetic field.

Purpose: To extend the concept of 3D dynamic parallel imaging, we developed a prototype of an electronically reconfigurable dipole array that provides sensitivity alteration along the dipole length.

Methods: We developed a radiofrequency array coil consisting of eight reconfigurable elevated-end dipole antennas. The receive sensitivity profile of each dipole can be electronically shifted toward one or the other end by electrical shortening or lengthening the dipole arms using positive-intrinsic-negative-diode lump-element switching units.

[The value of cardiac MRI in the risk stratification in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

To explore the value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in the risk stratification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). HCM patients who underwent CMR examination in Fuwai Hospital between March 2012 and May 2013 were retrospectively enrolled. Baseline clinical and CMR data were collected and patient follow-up was performed using telephone contact and medical record.

Excitatory-inhibitory modulation of transcranial focus ultrasound stimulation on human motor cortex.

Aims: Transcranial focus ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technology. This study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of tFUS on human motor cortex (M1) excitability and explore the mechanism of neurotransmitter-related intracortical circuitry and plasticity.

Methods: Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-eliciting motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were used to assessed M1 excitability in 10 subjects.

ECCENTRIC: a fast and unrestrained approach for high-resolution in vivo metabolic imaging at ultra-high field MR.

A novel method for fast and high-resolution metabolic imaging, called ECcentric Circle ENcoding TRajectorIes for Compressed sensing (ECCENTRIC), has been developed and implemented at 7 Tesla MRI. ECCENTRIC is a non-Cartesian spatial-spectral encoding method optimized to accelerate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) with high signal-to-noise at ultra-high field. The approach provides flexible and random sampling without temporal interleaving to improve spatial response function and spectral quality.

Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on SystEmic Right VEntricular size and function. A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial: SERVE.

Aims: In adults with congenital heart disease and systemic right ventricles, progressive right ventricular systolic dysfunction is common and is associated with adverse outcomes. Our aim was to assess the impact of the phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor tadalafil on right ventricular systolic function.

Methods And Results: This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre superiority trial (NCT03049540) involving 100 adults with systemic right ventricles (33 women, mean age: 40.

A modular system of flexible receive-only coil arrays for 3 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Flexible form-fitting radiofrequency coils provide high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and in array configuration large anatomical areas of interest can be covered. We propose a modular system - "ModFlex"- of flexible lightweight 4-channel coaxial coil arrays for 3 T MRI. We investigated the performance difference between commercial reference coils and 8- and 16-channel ModFlex receive-only array systems.

Panoramic Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast With a Wearable Coil Vest.

Background: Breast cancer, the most common malignant cancer in women worldwide, is typically diagnosed by x-ray mammography, which is an unpleasant procedure, has low sensitivity in women with dense breasts, and involves ionizing radiation. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive imaging modality and works without ionizing radiation, but is currently constrained to the prone imaging position due to suboptimal hardware, therefore hampering the clinical workflow.

Objectives: The aim of this work is to improve image quality in breast MRI, to simplify the clinical workflow, shorten measurement time, and achieve consistency in breast shape with other procedures such as ultrasound, surgery, and radiation therapy.

Subendocardial Involvement as an Underrecognized LGE Subtype Related to Adverse Outcomes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) has been established as an independent predictor for adverse outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the prevalence and clinical significance of some LGE subtypes have not been well demonstrated.

Objectives: In this study, the authors sought to investigate the prognostic value of subendocardium-involved LGE pattern and location of right ventricle insertion points (RVIPs) with LGE in HCM patients.

Improved brain stimulation targeting by optimising image acquisition parameters.

Functional connectivity analysis from rs-fMRI data has been used for determining cortical targets in therapeutic applications of non-invasive brain stimulation using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Reliable connectivity measures are therefore essential for every rs-fMRI-based TMS targeting approach. Here, we examine the effect of echo time (TE) on the reproducibility and spatial variability of resting-state connectivity measures.

The progress of PET/MRI in clinical management of patients with pancreatic malignant lesions.

Recently, the morbidity and mortality of pancreatic cancer have been increasing year by year. Because of its deep anatomical location and because most presented patients often suffer from abdominal pain or jaundice, it is difficult to diagnose pancreatic cancer at an early stage, leading to late clinical stage and poor prognosis. integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) fusion imaging not only has the characteristics of high resolution and multi-parameter imaging of MRI, but also combines the high sensitivity and the semi-quantitative characteristics of PET.

Double-row 16-element folded-end dipole transceiver array for 3D RF shimming of the whole human brain at 9.4 T.

Homogeneity and longitudinal coverage of transmit (Tx) human head RF coils at ultrahigh field (UHF, ≥7 T) can be improved by 3D RF shimming, which requires using multi-row Tx arrays. Examples of 3D RF shimming using double-row UHF loop transceiver (TxRx) and Tx arrays have been described previously. Dipole antennas provide unique simplicity and robustness while offering comparable Tx efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio to conventional loop designs.

Reproducibility of 3D MRSI for imaging human brain glucose metabolism using direct ( H) and indirect ( H) detection of deuterium labeled compounds at 7T and clinical 3T.

Introduction: Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) and quantitative exchange label turnover (QELT) are novel MR spectroscopy techniques for non-invasive imaging of human brain glucose and neurotransmitter metabolism with high clinical potential. Following oral or intravenous administration of non-ionizing [6,6'- H ]-glucose, its uptake and synthesis of downstream metabolites can be mapped via direct or indirect detection of deuterium resonances using H MRSI (DMI) and H MRSI (QELT), respectively. The purpose of this study was to compare the dynamics of spatially resolved brain glucose metabolism, i.

Arterial spin labelling reveals multi-regional cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with transient ischemic attack that are unrelated to ischemia location: A proof-of-concept study.

Background And Aims: Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) have a substantially increased risk of early dementia. In this exploratory study, we aim to determine whether patients with TIA have 1) measurable regional cerebral hypoperfusion unrelated to the location of ischemia, and 2) determine the relationship of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with their cognitive profiles.

Methods: Patients with TIA ( = 49) and seventy-nine ( = 79) age and sex matched controls underwent formal neuropsychological testing and MRI.

Diffusion prepared pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling reveals blood-brain barrier dysfunction in patients with CADASIL.

Objectives: Diffusion prepared pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (DP-pCASL) is a newly proposed MRI method to noninvasively measure the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We aim to investigate whether the water exchange rate across the BBB, estimated with DP-pCASL, is changed in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), and to analyze the association between the BBB water exchange rate and MRI/clinical features of these patients.

Methods: Forty-one patients with CADASIL and thirty-six age- and sex-matched controls were scanned with DP-pCASL MRI to estimate the BBB water exchange rate (k).

Long-term Assessment of Subchondral Bone Changes and Intralesional Bony Overgrowth After Third-Generation Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A Retrospective Study.

Background: There is an increasing interest in subchondral bone changes and intralesional bony overgrowth (ILBO) after cartilage repair. Their clinical and predictive relevance is unclear and debated.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term development of ILBO and bone marrow edema-like signals (BMELSs) after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) treatment of cartilage defects to find any predictive factors for their appearance.

Special Issue "In Vivo Nuclear Molecular Imaging in Drug Development and Pharmacological Research".

Nuclear molecular imaging is increasingly important in aiding diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and assessing response to treatment [...

Ultrasound Neuromodulation as a New Brain Therapy.

Within the last decade, ultrasound has been "rediscovered" as a technique for brain therapies. Modern technologies allow focusing ultrasound through the human skull for highly focal tissue ablation, clinical neuromodulatory brain stimulation, and targeted focal blood-brain-barrier opening. This article gives an overview on the state-of-the-art of the most recent application: ultrasound neuromodulation as a new brain therapy.