7T Epilepsy Task Force Consensus Recommendations on the Use of 7T MRI in Clinical Practice.

Identifying a structural brain lesion on MRI has important implications in epilepsy and is the most important factor that correlates with seizure freedom after surgery in patients with drug-resistant focal onset epilepsy. However, at conventional magnetic field strengths (1.5 and 3T), only approximately 60%-85% of MRI examinations reveal such lesions.

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Follow-up Imaging: Strategies to Distinguish Post-treatment Changes from Recurrence.

Soft tissue sarcomas encompass multiple entities with differing recurrence rates and follow-up intervals. The detection of recurrences and their differentiation from post-therapeutic changes is therefore complex, with a central role for the clinical radiologist. This article describes approved recommendations.

Clinical implementation of accelerated T mapping: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker for annular tear and lumbar disc herniation.

Objectives: This study evaluates GRAPPATINI, an accelerated T mapping sequence combining undersampling and model-based reconstruction to facilitate the clinical implementation of T mapping of the lumbar intervertebral disc.

Methods: Fifty-eight individuals (26 females, 32 males, age 23.3 ± 8.

Correction to: In cervical arthroplasty, only prosthesis with flexible biomechanical properties should be used for achieving a near-physiological motion pattern.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Compositional MRI of the anterior cruciate ligament of professional alpine ski racers: preliminary report on seasonal changes and load sensitivity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate potential changes in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) structure of alpine ski racers over the course of an entire season using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (T2* mapping). The dominant legs of three alpine ski racers were examined on a 3-T MR scanner four times at 3-month intervals. Multi-echo sequences for T2* maps, which were coregistered with high-resolution morphological sequences for reproducible definition of ACL regions of interest, were acquired.

Deep Natural Image Reconstruction from Human Brain Activity Based on Conditional Progressively Growing Generative Adversarial Networks.

Brain decoding based on functional magnetic resonance imaging has recently enabled the identification of visual perception and mental states. However, due to the limitations of sample size and the lack of an effective reconstruction model, accurate reconstruction of natural images is still a major challenge. The current, rapid development of deep learning models provides the possibility of overcoming these obstacles.

Autologous cartilage and fibrin sealant may be superior to conventional fat grafting in preventing physeal bone bridge formation - a pilot study in porcines.

Purpose: The article compares physeal recovery after insertion of autologous cartilage and a conventional fat graft in a standardized porcine physeal gap model. Presence of a bone bridge was the primary outcome.

Methods: Ten porcines in two groups of five were included in a paired design.

Compressed sensing and the use of phased array coils in Na MRI: a comparison of a SENSE-based and an individually combined multi-channel reconstruction.

Purpose: To implement and to evaluate a compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm based on the sensitivity encoding (SENSE) combination scheme (CS-SENSE), used to reconstruct sodium magnetic resonance imaging (Na MRI) multi-channel breast data sets.

Methods: In a simulation study, the CS-SENSE algorithm was tested and optimized by evaluating the structural similarity (SSIM) and the normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) for different regularizations and different undersampling factors (USF=1.8/3.

Whole-Slab 3D MR Spectroscopic Imaging of the Human Brain With Spiral-Out-In Sampling at 7T.

Background: Metabolic imaging using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has increased the sensitivity and spectral resolution at field strengths of ≥7T. Compared to the conventional Cartesian-based spectroscopic imaging, spiral trajectories enable faster data collection, promising the clinical translation of whole-brain MRSI. Technical considerations at 7T, however, lead to a suboptimal sampling efficiency for the spiral-out (SO) acquisitions, as a significant portion of the trajectory consists of rewinders.

Real-time motion and retrospective coil sensitivity correction for CEST using volumetric navigators (vNavs) at 7T.

Purpose: To explore the impact of temporal motion-induced coil sensitivity changes on CEST-MRI at 7T and its correction using interleaved volumetric EPI navigators, which are applied for real-time motion correction.

Methods: Five healthy volunteers were scanned via CEST. A 4-fold correction pipeline allowed the mitigation of (1) motion, (2) motion-induced coil sensitivity variations, , (3) motion-induced static magnetic field inhomogeneities, ΔB , and (4) spatially varying transmit RF field fluctuations, .

Consensus-Based Technical Recommendations for Clinical Translation of Renal Phase Contrast MRI.

Background: Phase-contrast (PC) MRI is a feasible and valid noninvasive technique to measure renal artery blood flow, showing potential to support diagnosis and monitoring of renal diseases. However, the variability in measured renal blood flow values across studies is large, most likely due to differences in PC-MRI acquisition and processing. Standardized acquisition and processing protocols are therefore needed to minimize this variability and maximize the potential of renal PC-MRI as a clinically useful tool.

Visual word form processing deficits driven by severity of reading impairments in children with developmental dyslexia.

The visual word form area (VWFA) in the left ventral occipito-temporal (vOT) cortex is key to fluent reading in children and adults. Diminished VWFA activation during print processing tasks is a common finding in subjects with severe reading problems. Here, we report fMRI data from a multicentre study with 140 children in primary school (7.

Phase unwrapping with a rapid opensource minimum spanning tree algorithm (ROMEO).

Purpose: To develop a rapid and accurate MRI phase-unwrapping technique for challenging phase topographies encountered at high magnetic fields, around metal implants, or postoperative cavities, which is sufficiently fast to be applied to large-group studies including Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and functional MRI (with phase-based distortion correction).

Methods: The proposed path-following phase-unwrapping algorithm, ROMEO, estimates the coherence of the signal both in space-using MRI magnitude and phase information-and over time, assuming approximately linear temporal phase evolution. This information is combined to form a quality map that guides the unwrapping along a 3D path through the object using a computationally efficient minimum spanning tree algorithm.

White matter tract microstructure and cognitive performance after transient ischemic attack.

Background And Purpose: Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) show evidence of cognitive impairment but the reason is not clear. Measurement of microstructural changes in white matter (WM) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may be a useful outcome measure. We report WM changes using DTI and the relationship with neuropsychological performance in a cohort of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and non-TIA subjects.

Motion correction methods for MRS: experts' consensus recommendations.

Long acquisition times due to intrinsically low signal-to-noise ratio and the need for highly homogeneous B field make MRS particularly susceptible to motion or scanner instability compared with MRI. Motion-induced changes in both localization and shimming (ie B homogeneity) degrade MRS data quality. To mitigate the effects of motion three approaches can be employed: (1) subject immobilization, (2) retrospective correction, and (3) prospective real-time correction using internal and/or external tracking methods.

Non-invasive decision support for NSCLC treatment using PET/CT radiomics.

Two major treatment strategies employed in non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC, are tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKIs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs. The choice of strategy is based on heterogeneous biomarkers that can dynamically change during therapy. Thus, there is a compelling need to identify comprehensive biomarkers that can be used longitudinally to help guide therapy choice.

Perfluorocarbons-Based F Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biomedicine.

Fluorine-19 (F) magnetic resonance (MR) molecular imaging is a promising noninvasive and quantitative molecular imaging approach with intensive research due to the high sensitivity and low endogenous background signal of the F atom in vivo. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have been used as blood substitutes since 1970s. More recently, a variety of PFC nanoparticles have been designed for the detection and imaging of physiological and pathological changes.

Reduced apparent fiber density in the white matter of premature-born adults.

Premature-born adults exhibit lasting white matter alterations as demonstrated by widespread reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) based on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). FA reduction, however, is non-specific for microscopic underpinnings such as aberrant myelination or fiber density (FD). Using recent advances in DWI, we tested the hypothesis of reduced FD in premature-born adults and investigated its link with the degree of prematurity and cognition.

High-resolution metabolic imaging of high-grade gliomas using 7T-CRT-FID-MRSI.

Objectives: Successful neurosurgical intervention in gliomas depends on the precision of the preoperative definition of the tumor and its margins since a safe maximum resection translates into a better patient outcome. Metabolic high-resolution imaging might result in improved presurgical tumor characterization, and thus optimized glioma resection. To this end, we validated the performance of a fast high-resolution whole-brain 3D-magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) method at 7T in a patient cohort of 23 high-grade gliomas (HGG).

Doxorubicin-loaded bacterial outer-membrane vesicles exert enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer.

More efficient drug delivery system and formulation with less adverse effects are needed for the clinical application of broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Here we obtained outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs), a nano-sized proteoliposomes naturally released by Gram-negative bacteria, from attenuated and prepared doxorubicin-loaded O0MVs (DOX-OMV). Confocal microscopy and distribution study observed that DOX encapsulated in OMVs was efficiently transported into NSCLC A549 cells.

Spectral editing in H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Experts' consensus recommendations.

Spectral editing in in vivo H-MRS provides an effective means to measure low-concentration metabolite signals that cannot be reliably measured by conventional MRS techniques due to signal overlap, for example, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutathione and D-2-hydroxyglutarate. Spectral editing strategies utilize known J-coupling relationships within the metabolite of interest to discriminate their resonances from overlying signals. This consensus recommendation paper provides a brief overview of commonly used homonuclear editing techniques and considerations for data acquisition, processing and quantification.

Quantifying the effect of dobutamine stress on myocardial Pi and pH in healthy volunteers: A P MRS study at 7T.

Purpose: Phosphorus spectroscopy ( P-MRS) is a proven method to probe cardiac energetics. Studies typically report the phosphocreatine (PCr) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. We focus on another P signal: inorganic phosphate (Pi), whose chemical shift allows computation of myocardial pH, with Pi/PCr providing additional insight into cardiac energetics.

In cervical arthroplasty, only prosthesis with flexible biomechanical properties should be used for achieving a near-physiological motion pattern.

Background: In cervical arthroplasty, qualitative motion analysis generally investigates the position of the center of rotation (COR) before and after surgery. But is the pre-op COR suitable as reference? We believe that only a comparison against healthy individuals can answer whether a physiological motion pattern has been achieved. The aim of our study was to examine how the COR for flexion/extension after insertion of 3 biomechanically completely different types of disc prostheses compares to healthy volunteers, and whether and how prosthesis design contributes to a more natural or maybe even worse motion pattern.

'When' and 'what' did you see? A novel fMRI-based visual decoding framework.

Objective: Visual perception decoding plays an important role in understanding our visual systems. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have made great advances in predicting the visual content of the single stimulus from the evoked response. In this work, we proposed a novel framework to extend previous works by simultaneously decoding the temporal and category information of visual stimuli from fMRI activities.