Surgical and orthodontic management of a horizontally impacted permanent mandibular canine: timing is vital.

Failure of eruption of the mandibular permanent canine is an unusual event. This case report presents combined surgical and orthodontic management of an impacted permanent mandibular canine of a 10-year-old boy. Treatment considerations for impacted mandibular canines differ in comparison with other teeth.

Chronological hypoplasia: aesthetic management.

Enamel hypoplasia is defined as a break in the continuity of enamel with a reduction in the layers leading to depressions or grooves. Chronological hypoplasia is differentiated from other forms of hypoplasia due to its characteristic presentation (multiple, symmetrical, chronological pattern). Chronological hypoplasias are seen at the time tooth erupts into the oral cavity leading to several problems like aesthetic problems, tooth sensitivity, caries and early pulpal involvement.