Disparities in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Asian Americans Diagnosed with Urologic Cancer.

Background: Asian Americans (AA) in the United States represent a heterogenous population from various ethnic backgrounds. We compared cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality between various AA groups and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients diagnosed with urologic cancer.

Methods: We assembled a population-based cohort that included 389,114 prostate cancer, 98,721 renal cell cancer, and 126,485 bladder cancer patients.

Lessons learned from an observational study of patients with breast cancer: adaptions for remote implementation.

Purpose: There is increased demand for lifestyle interventions earlier on the cancer continuum (i.e., during curative-intent treatment).

Patient-clinician communication amongst black perinatal people: a systematic review.

Purpose: Black perinatal people in the United States are disproportionately affected by morbidity and mortality. An emerging hypothesis is that these disparities may be in part due to poor communication in obstetric care which may lead to poor perinatal care quality and adverse health outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide a systematic review of the literature on patient-clinician communication amongst Black patients in perinatal healthcare settings.

Sex-biased gene expression precedes sexual dimorphism in the agonadal annelid Platynereis dumerilii.

Gametogenesis is the process by which germ cells differentiate into mature sperm and oocytes, cells essential for sexual reproduction. The sex-specific molecular programs that drive spermatogenesis and oogenesis can also serve as sex identification markers. Platynereis dumerilii is a research organism that has been studied in many areas of developmental biology.

Unique features of seizure-induced cardiorespiratory failure in SS rats: Implications for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

Objective: Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy are at high risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), which likely results from a pathological, seizure-induced disruption of vital physiological systems. The objective of this study was to characterize seizure-induced physiological dysfunction leading to death in SS rats and determine the importance of time of day of seizures regarding mortality rates.

Methods: Male and female SS rats were surgically implanted with an arterial pressure telemeter and chronically housed in a custom plethysmograph.

CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION OF A GENOGROUP C IN A ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION IN THE UNITED STATES.

Ferlaviruses have been associated with significant mortality events in squamates. Over a 5-month period in 2012, a mortality event at the Phoenix Zoo involved seven rattlesnakes (), a Sonoran gopher snake (fi), and a Gila monster (). All individuals had been managed within the same group of enclosures at the zoo, and many of the affected individuals had previously been housed together.

SPHENISCID ALPHAHERPESVIRUS 1 IN AFRICAN PENGUINS () WITHIN THE SPECIES SURVIVAL PLAN MANAGED POPULATION IN THE US: INCIDENCE AND POPULATION IMPACT.

Spheniscid alphaherpesvirus-1 (SpAHV-1) is associated with respiratory disease in juvenile African penguins (). In 2020, this virus was detected in adult birds with clinical signs of respiratory disease in a previously asymptomatic colony of 21 birds following a recommended introduction of three new birds, including two with a history of herpesvirus as juveniles. Mild to moderate respiratory signs were noted in 33% (8/24) of the colony.

Prolonged postnatal adaptation and enhanced prevalence of congenital heart diseases due to altitude may contribute to newborn mortality in Bolivia.

Highland populations suffer from significant infant mortality due to chronic ambient hypoxia, which increases the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) and neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Neither the prevalence of these conditions nor the effectiveness of neonatal cardiac screening to identify CHD or pulmonary hypertension among neonates born at altitudes >4000 m in Bolivia has been reported. In a study of 1033 newborns in El Alto, Bolivia (4510 m), we determined the prevalence of CHD and prolonged postnatal adaptation.

Social Determinants of Health and Access to Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Whether allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is equitably accessible regardless of social determinants of health (SDOH) remains unknown. We examined associations of SDOH with access to allo-HCT and other outcomes. Patients presenting for treatment (n=692) at 13 AML treatment centers were prospectively recruited to a registered clinical trial (#NCT01929408).

Deriving a mammogram-based risk score from screening digital breast tomosynthesis for 5-year breast cancer risk prediction.

Screening digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) aims to identify breast cancer early when treatment is most effective leading to reduced mortality. In addition to early detection, the information contained within DBT images may also inform subsequent risk stratification and guide risk-reducing management. Using transfer learning we refined a model in the WashU cohort of 5,066 women with DBT screening (mean age 54.

Branched-chain amino acid catabolism promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation via phosphorylation of mTOR.

Ovarian cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among individuals with ovaries, and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common and lethal subtype. Characterized by a distinct and aggressive metastatic pattern, HGSOC can originate in the fallopian tube with the transformation of fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells, which metastasize to the ovary and subsequently to the omentum and peritoneal cavity. The omentum is a privileged metastatic site, and the metabolic exchange underlying omental metastasis could provide enzyme or receptor targets to block spread.

Effect of 12-week dietary nitrate supplementation on carotid arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females.

Menopause is associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, a key contributor to increased arterial stiffness and, consequently, greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in postmenopausal females. Even though dietary nitrate has been shown to increase NO bioavailability in postmenopausal females acutely, previous studies showed no impact of dietary nitrate supplementation on arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females. Their findings were likely limited by the acute and/or short-term design.

Identification and functional characterization of T-cell exhaustion-associated lncRNA AL031775.1 in osteosarcoma: a novel therapeutic target.

Background: Osteosarcoma, an aggressive bone malignancy predominantly affecting children and adolescents, presents significant therapeutic challenges with a 5-year survival rate below 30% in metastatic cases. T-cell exhaustion, characterized by the overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules, contributes to osteosarcoma progression and immune evasion. Although targeting these inhibitory pathways has shown potential in restoring T-cell activity, the molecular regulators of T-cell depletion in osteosarcoma are poorly understood.

Modeling thoracic aortic genetic variants in the zebrafish: useful for predicting clinical pathogenicity?

Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) significantly impact cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A large subset of TAAD cases, particularly those with an earlier onset, is linked to heritable genetic defects. Despite progress in characterizing genes associated with both syndromic and non-syndromic heritable TAAD, the causative gene remains unknown in most cases.

Late pandemic COVID-19 positivity at the time of thrombectomy is associated with poor outcomes and tandem carotid pathology.

Objectives: COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Studies from early in the pandemic show increased rates of unfavorable recanalization, poor outcomes, and mortality in patients who were COVID-19 positive at the time of mechanical thrombectomy. However, there are currently no studies examining these parameters during the later pandemic when circulating variants were less virulent.

Knowledge mapping of autophagy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from 2004 to 2024: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a major global healthcare issue due to its high prevalence and mortality rates. Increasing evidence suggests that autophagy plays a role in the development of COPD, yet there is a lack of bibliometric analyses on literature related to autophagy and COPD. Therefore, this study aims to summarize the current research status, research direction, and research hotspots in the literature related to COPD and autophagy.

Policy strategies for inclusion of pregnant and lactating women in vaccine research.

Pregnant and lactating women (PLW) have historically been excluded from vaccine research, creating inequities in vaccine access and uptake for PLW. US federal research policies create the framework for inclusion of diverse populations, including PLW, in research. We conducted a policy analysis and interviews ( = 29) with experts in vaccine research for PLW to characterize the existing policy landscape and to identify policy strategies to promote inclusion of PLW in vaccine trials.

Global partnerships in combating tropical diseases: assessing the impact of a U.S. withdrawal from the WHO.

Background: Annually, tropical diseases are a major cause of mortality; for instance, in 2019, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) caused 150,000 deaths and 19 million DALYs, with sub-Saharan Africa bearing over half the burden and the other concentrations in Asia and South America. Their impact, though significant, is lower than ischemic heart disease and respiratory infections. The World Health Organization is critical in combating these tropical diseases through surveillance, information campaigns and health promotion.

Can cardiovascular health and its modifiable healthy lifestyle offset the increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular deaths associated with insulin resistance?

Background: Insulin resistance(IR) is associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death, and modifiable healthy lifestyles play an active role in the improvement of IR and the reduction of all-cause and cardiovascular death. Whether cardiovascular health (CVH) and modifiable healthy lifestyles within it can attenuate or even offset the heightened perils of both all-cause and cardiovascular deaths associated with insulin resistance remains unclear.

Methods: The study encompassed 14,172 healthy participants from the 2005-2018 NHANES programme.

The impact of dietary copper intake on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hypertensive patients: a longitudinal analysis from NHANES (2001-2018).

While the impact of macronutrients on health is well-understood, the influence of micronutrients such as copper on cardiovascular health remains less explored. Copper, vital for heart function and antioxidant defense, may affect cardiovascular health through its role in enzymatic activities that reduce oxidative stress. This study evaluates the relationship between dietary copper intake and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2018.

Impact of hypotonic hyponatremia on outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a national inpatient sample.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a major therapeutic option for treating aortic stenosis. Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder closely associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, large-scale studies investigating the impact of hypotonic hyponatremia on outcomes among TAVR patients are lacking.

An analysis of the burden of respiratory tract cancers in global, China, the United States and India: findings based on the GBD 2021 database.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the burden of respiratory tract cancers in China, the United States, India, and worldwide from 1990 to 2021. Also, forecast the evolution of respiratory tract cancers deaths and DALYs burden during 2022 to 2050.

Study Design: An epidemiological analysis.

Suppression of stress granule formation is a vulnerability imposed by mutant p53.

Missense mutations in the TP53 (p53) gene have been linked to malignant progression. However, our in-silico analyses reveal that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with mutant p53 (mutp53) have better overall survival compared to those with p53-null (p53) HCC, unlike other cancer types. Given the historical use of sorafenib (SOR) monotherapy for advanced HCC, we hypothesize that mutp53 increases sensitivity to SOR, a multikinase inhibitor that induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Adding New Components to a Composite Quality Metric: How Good Is Good Enough?

Objectives: This study illustrates how the statistical reliability of an individual measure relates to the overall reliability of a composite metric, as understanding this relationship provides additional information when evaluating measures for endorsement.

Background: National quality measure endorsement processes typically evaluate individual metrics on criteria such as importance and scientific acceptability (eg, reliability). In practice, quality measures may be used in composite rating systems, which aid in the interpretation of overall quality differences.