Trends in Cardiac Arrest Outcomes & Management in Children with Cardiac Illness Category Compared to Non-Cardiac Illness Category: An Analysis from the AHA Get With The Guidelines®-Resuscitation Registry.

Introduction: Contemporary rates of survival after pediatric in-hospital CPR events and trends in survival over the last 20 years have not been compared based on illness category. We hypothesized that survival to hospital discharge for surgical-cardiac category is higher than the non-cardiac category, and rates of survival after in-hospital CPR increased over time in all categories.

Methods: The AHA Get With The Guidelines®-Resuscitation registry was queried for index CPR events in children < 18 years of age from 2000 to 2021.

Impact of Enterococcus infection in HSCT recipients: a national analysis.

Background: Enterococci are the third most common cause of healthcare-associated infections in the United States, affecting 10-12% of all transplant recipients worldwide. Enterococcal bacteremia complicates the post-transplant recovery and raises mortality to 18%. This study aims to identify factors linked to mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with Enterococcus infection.

The comparative impact of central vs. peripheral VA-ECMO cannulation on postoperative graft dysfunction in lung transplantation: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Lung transplantation (LTx) is the definitive treatment for end-stage pulmonary diseases, with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) used as a common perioperative support. However, it remains unclear if central (cVA-ECMO) or peripheral (pVA-ECMO) cannulation routes yield better outcomes in postoperative prognosis. This study compares the impact of these two cannulation strategies on primary graft dysfunction (PGD) incidence in LTx patients.

Unraveling the impact of marine heatwaves on the Eukaryome of the emblematic Mediterranean red coral .

Global warming is intensifying heatwaves worldwide, leading to more frequent and severe temperature extremes. This study investigates the impact of the unprecedented 2022 Mediterranean heatwaves on the coral eukaryome, which has received little attention despite its known importance to coral holobiont functioning. Fifty-six colonies of the iconic red coral from the Mediterranean Sea were collected at different sites, depths, and health states.

Multiple defense is an effective antipredator strategy in dinoflagellates.

Phytoplankton have evolved myriad defenses against predators; yet, studies that simultaneously test for defense fitness costs and benefits are rare. We tested for relative fitness costs and benefits of defense in the marine dinoflagellate using a framework that relates growth rates of prey genotypes (strains) that differed in constitutive toxin production (low, moderate, and high) to predator (copepod) concentration. Our approach is based on a novel molecular technique that allows one to disentangle the effect of predation mortality from the cell growth reduction due to toxin production.

Effects of baclofen on swallow motor pattern.

Baclofen is a GABA receptor agonist used clinically to manage spasticity. It has also been associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation and rates of aspiration pneumonitis. We hypothesized that baclofen would impair pharyngeal swallow, a vital airway protective reflex.

Proceedings of the 12th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: cutting edge technology meets novel applications.

The Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Think Tank XII was held on August 21st to 23rd. This year we showcased groundbreaking advancements in neuromodulation technology, focusing heavily on the novel uses of existing technology as well as next-generation technology. Our keynote speaker shared the vision of using neuro artificial intelligence to predict depression using brain electrophysiology.

Enhancing poultry health and productivity through the liver-gut axis with integrated nutritional and immunological approaches: a mini-review.

The liver-gut axis plays a central role in maintaining the health and productivity of poultry. In addition, the liver-gut axis serves as a key regulator of digestion, metabolism, immunity, and detoxification. The gut, with its diverse microbiota, is the primary site for nutrient absorption and immune modulation, while the liver metabolizes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and acts as a frontline defense against pathogens translocated from the gut.

EXPRESS: Cancer Mortality in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is linked with an increased risk of cancers, particularly hematologic malignancies. Cancer mortality among patients with SLE in the United States (U.S.

Description of Heterorhabditis americana n. sp. (Rhabditida, Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode species isolated in North America.

Background: Heterorhabditis are important biological control agents in agriculture. Two Heterorhabditis populations, S8 and S10, were isolated from agricultural soils in the United States of America. Molecular analyses, based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes, showed that these populations are conspecific and represent a novel species of the "Bacteriophora" clade.

Association between FEV/FVC levels and all-cause mortality in the general population.

Background: The ratio of the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) to the forced vital capacity (FVC) is an essential tool for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the relationship between levels of FEV/FVC and mortality in the general population remains unclear, particularly its non-linear relationship. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between the FEV/FVC and all-cause mortality in the general population.

Chromatin remodeling protein BPTF mediates chromatin accessibility at gene promoters in planarian stem cells.

Background: The regulation of chromatin accessibility is essential in eukaryotic cells as one of several mechanisms that ensure gene activation occurs at appropriate times and in appropriate cell types. Accordingly, mutations in chromatin remodeling proteins are linked to many different developmental disorders and cancers. One example of a chromatin protein that has been linked to both developmental abnormalities and cancer is BPTF/NURF301, the largest subunit of the Nucleosome Remodeling Factor (NuRF) complex.

Urban-Rural Differences in the Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Infection in the United States.

Background: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are a serious complication associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Despite guideline recommendations for complete device removal, disparities in healthcare access and resource availability between urban and rural settings may influence patient outcomes. This study aims to evaluate rural-urban disparities in the management and outcomes of patients hospitalized with CIED infections.

Prevalence Of Popliteal Artery Variants in Free Tissue Transfer for Limb Salvage: A 12-Year Vasculo-Plastic Experience.

Background: Popliteal artery variants (PAVs) are anatomical deviations of the popliteal artery's branching pattern and should be considered in microsurgical planning for patients undergoing lower extremity (LE) free tissue transfer (FTT). However, there is a significant lack of FTT literature in this patient population. Thus, this study presents our 12-year experience with LE FTT in patients with PAV.

Prefrontal cortical microglial transcriptome relates to mouse offspring executive function deficits after perinatal opioid exposure in a sex-dependent manner.

Opioid use during pregnancy affects over 7% of pregnancies in the United States. While efforts have been directed at mitigating effects of prenatal opioid exposure acutely in the neonatal period, long-term neurodevelopmental studies in humans remain challenging. Using a preclinical model, we previously found that perinatal morphine (MO) exposure induces sex-dependent executive function deficits in adult offspring, and sexually divergent shifts in microglia phenotype.

Second booster doses of adenoviral- and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines increase protection against COVID-19 hospitalization: Final analysis from the REFORCO-Brazil real-world effectiveness study during Omicron.

Background: Booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines are required to maintain protection against SARS-CoV-2. However, real-world evidence from South America, needed to inform optimal vaccination strategies, is lacking. Herein, we present the final analysis of REFORCO-Brazil, a large-scale assessment of relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of second boosters (vs first boosters) against hospitalization with COVID-19.

Associations of HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles with cardiovascular disease and events in a multi-ethnic community-living population: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA).

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), where RA and CVD later manifest following genetic predisposition and an extended preclinical phase.TheHLA-DRB1Shared Epitope (SE)allelespredispose for RA andare associated withhigherrisk of CV mortality in RA patients, but have not been evaluated in a community-living population.Thus, we evaluated whetherHLA-DRB1 (SE) alleleswereassociated with subclinical CVD, CV events, and mortality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Interstitial Lung Diseases in Alberta, Canada: A Population-based Study.

Background The epidemiology of adult interstitial lung disease (ILD) is uncertain, given heterogeneous estimates from prior studies. The objective of this study was to define the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of ILD over a 10-year period using population-based data. Methods We created an administrative ILD cohort in Alberta, Canada between 2010-2019 using population-based administrative data (inpatient, ambulatory, and outpatient physician billing databases) for a repeat cross-sectional study.

Impact on Patient Outcomes of Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring on Medical Wards: Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Background: Continuous and wireless vital sign (VS) monitoring on hospital wards is superior to intermittent VS monitoring at detecting VS abnormalities; however, the impact on clinical outcomes remains to be confirmed. A recent propensity-matched study of primary surgical patients found decreased odds of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality in patients receiving continuous monitoring. Primary surgical patients are inherently different from their medical counterparts who typically have high morbidity, including frailty.

Comparing Medicaid Enrolment Death Data to State-Wide Death Records in Maine.

Rationale: Death data available in Medicaid enrolment files may be incomplete and lack cause of death information. We sought to compare Medicaid enrolment death data to state-wide death records in Maine.

Aims And Objectives: (1) To compare the date of death of Medicaid enrollees in Maine according to the Medicaid enrolment data to the date of death obtained through an ongoing quarterly death certificate-Medicaid linkage for 2016-2023; and (2) using the death certificate-Medicaid linkage data, to perform an analysis of the risk of drug overdose death in 2023 by opioid use disorder (OUD) status in 2023, as part of monitoring activities required for one of Maine's new approaches to delivering Medicaid services.

Adrenal gland laceration in adult trauma patients without severe concomitant abdominal organ injuries: Incidence, associated factors, and outcomes from a national trauma database study.

Adrenal gland lacerations are sporadic but hostile injuries. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the prevalence, contributing variables, and outcomes of adrenal gland laceration in adult trauma victims. A retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 649,696 adult patients in the National Trauma Data Bank to compare patient characteristics, injury severity, and outcomes between patients with and without adrenal gland injuries.

Direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and person-years of life lost with and without disability: A systematic analysis for 18 European countries, 2020-2022.

Background: The direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy (LE) and years of life lost with and without disability remain unclear. Accounting for pre-pandemic trends in morbidity and mortality, we assessed these impacts in 18 European countries, for the years 2020-2022.

Methods And Findings: We used multi-state Markov modeling based on several data sources to track transitions of the population aged 35 or older between eight health states from disease-free, combinations of cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, dementia, and disability, through to death.

Immigrant status and citizenship relationships with epigenetic aging in a representative sample of United States adults.

Background: Immigrant status and citizenship influence health and well-being, yet their associations with DNA methylation (DNAm)-based biomarkers of aging - key predictors of healthspan and lifespan, also known as epigenetic aging - remain underexplored.

Methods: Using a representative sample of 2,336 United States (U.S.