Changing Epidemiology of Emergency Medical Services Calls for Children in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Reopening.

Objectives: To describe changes in the volume and types of emergency medical services (EMS) calls for children during the COVID-19 pandemic and after availability of the COVID-19 vaccine ("reopening period").

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of EMS 9-1-1 responses to children under 18 years for all causes over a 4-year period (2019-2022) reported in the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) dataset. Data was stratified into three periods, Pre-pandemic, Pandemic and Reopening.

Demographics and outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection in young adults in southeastern China: impact of syndromic heritable thoracic aortic disease.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the demographics and to evaluate long-term outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) in surgically treated patients ≤40 years in China.

Methods: This study included patients aged ≤40 with ATAAD who underwent surgical treatment at our institution between 2015 and 2019. The patients were categorized into groups according to heritable thoracic aortic disease (HTAD) presence or absence.

Carbapenemase production and in-hospital mortality associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria: a retrospective study conducted in Granada, Spain.

Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) represent a significant global health concern and vary in specific settings. Spain reported several annual deaths attributed to MDR bacteria, mainly carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.

Objectives: We aimed to characterise the incidence and temporal trends of MDR bacterial infections or colonisations reported within the province of Granada (data from five hospitals), and to investigate factors linked to clinical vulnerability.

Association of Obesity and Skeletal Muscle with Postoperative Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background A comprehensive assessment of skeletal muscle health is crucial to understanding the association between improved clinical outcomes and obesity as defined by body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) in lung cancer, but limited studies have been conducted on this topic. Purpose To investigate the association between BMI-defined obesity and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent curative resection, with a specific focus on the status of skeletal muscle assessed at CT. Materials and Methods This retrospective study investigated Korean patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent curative resection between January 2008 and December 2019.

Larsucosterol for the Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis.

Background: Larsucosterol is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in development for alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), a disease for which there is no approved therapy.

Methods: In this phase 2b trial, patients with severe AH were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive 30 mg or 90 mg of larsucosterol or placebo; a second dose was administered after 72 hours if the patient remained hospitalized. All patients received supportive care as determined by investigators.

Pulmonary vascular complications of cirrhosis: hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension.

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) are two distinct pulmonary vascular complications seen in patients with liver disease and/or portal hypertension. HPS is characterized by disturbed gas exchange and hypoxemia because of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations. POPH is defined by pulmonary arterial hypertension, which might lead to right heart failure.

Complete genome sequences of associated with mortality events in avian species.

is a potential bacterial pathogen that affects chickens. We present 22 complete genome sequences of clinical isolates to facilitate the genomic analysis and the development of diagnostic tools.

Conformational flexibility is a critical factor in designing broad-spectrum human norovirus protease inhibitors.

Unlabelled: Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. There are currently no licensed antiviral drugs for the treatment of HuNoV-associated gastroenteritis. The HuNoV protease plays a critical role in the initiation of virus replication by cleaving the polyprotein.

[Tolvaptan versus fluid restriction in the treatment of hyponatremia due to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: efficacy and safety analysis in a cohort study].

Background And Objectives: hyponatremia is a common in older and hospitalized patients, often caused by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). This study compares the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan versus fluid restriction in patients with hyponatremia and SIADH.

Materials And Methods: an observational cohort study was conducted with 186 patients with hyponatremia (Na+ < 135 mmol/L) due to SIADH, treated at the Hospital Universitario de Pontevedra between 2015 and 2022.

Epigenetic mechanisms underlying endometrial cancer (EC) outcomes: race-specific patterns of DNA methylation associated with molecular subtypes and survival.

Endometrial cancer [EC] is the fourth most common cancer in women in the United States. Stark racial disparities are present in EC outcomes in which Black women have significantly higher EC-related mortality than White women. The social and biologic factors that contribute to these disparities are complex, and may include racial differences in epigenetic landscapes.

Agency in young people's unsafe abortion trajectories in Papua New Guinea.

Unsafe abortion is a preventable contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly for young unmarried women in low resource settings. In Papua New Guinea, abortion is legally restricted and highly stigmatised, limiting access to safe abortion and post-abortion care, resulting in unsafe abortion. This paper explores young people's lived experiences and agency in relation to unsafe abortion.

Woven EndoBridge 17 device for intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The Woven EndoBridge 17 (WEB-17) is the latest advancement in the WEB device family. Comprehensive data on its occlusion rates, procedural complications, and mortality is lacking. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the WEB-17 device in intracranial aneurysms (IAs).

Categorising reported errors and incidents from morbidity and mortality meetings (M&Ms) in a small animal multi-specialty veterinary teaching hospital.

Background: Errors in veterinary clinical settings can lead to patient harm. Morbidity and mortality meetings (M&Ms) are forums to discuss errors and incidents that can lead or have led to adverse outcomes, potential harm or unsafe conditions, with the purpose of improving patient safety in future. Despite growing implementation of M&Ms in veterinary medicine, their effectiveness in improving future patient safety may be constrained by the need for absolute confidentiality during meetings.

Comparative Outcomes of Babesiosis in Immunocompromised and Non-Immunocompromised Hosts: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Babesiosis poses significant risks of adverse outcomes in individuals with immunocompromising conditions (IC) and asplenia/hyposplenia (AH). This study compares clinical outcomes between these vulnerable groups and immunocompetent patients.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed babesiosis from 2009 to 2023.

Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of ST Segment Elevation in Lead aVR Among Patients with Cardiac Arrest.

Background: In acute coronary syndrome, ST-segment elevation in lead aVR (STE-aVR) indicates global myocardial ischemia, often related to multivessel or severe left main disease, and correlates with increased mortality. The prevalence and prognostic significance of STE-aVR in cardiac arrest (CA) patients is unknown.

Methods: We identified patients (≥18 years) with CA between 2011 to 2022 who achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Wildland Firefighters Suffer Increasing Risk of Job-Related Death.

Wildland firefighting is a niche specialization in the fire service - inherently dangerous with unique risks. Over the past decade, fatalities amongst all firefighters have decreased; however, wildland firefighter fatalities have increased. This subject has only been described in the grey literature, and a paucity of medical literature exists.

Educational or Behavioural Interventions to Improve Long-Term Haemodialysis Vascular Access Self-Management: A Systematic Review.

Background: Globally, haemodialysis is the most frequent type of kidney replacement therapy and necessitates access to the bloodstream either through a native arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft or central venous catheter. Vascular access complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults receiving haemodialysis, and effective vascular access self-management is required.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of educational or behavioural interventions designed to improve self-management of long-term vascular access in adults receiving haemodialysis.

Engineering Oxygen Intermediates Adsorption on Amorphous NiFe Alloys for Highly Active and Selective Electrochemical Biomass Conversion.

Electrochemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation reaction (HMFOR) offers a promising route to transform biomass into value-added chemicals. However, the competing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) greatly limits the HMFOR selectivity. Herein, we report a facile doping strategy to engineer oxygen intermediates adsorption on amorphous NiFe alloys to boost highly selective electrochemical HMF oxidation to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), among which, amorphous Mn-doped NiFeB alloy displays a low HMFOR onset potential of 1.

Epidemiology of Cancer in the Fiji Islands: 2010 to 2018.

Cancer is a global public health concern with increasing incidence and mortality rates, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). Among the PICTs, Fiji faces a growing burden of cancer. This study aimed to analyze cancer incidence and mortality data in Fiji from 2010 to 2018 to identify trends and provide an update on the current cancer-related statistics in the Fiji Islands.

Blood culture isolates and antimicrobial sensitivities from 1621 critically ill neonatal foals (2005-2022).

Introduction: Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal foals. Administration of appropriate antimicrobials and early aggressive supportive treatment is central to the efficacious treatment of neonatal sepsis and has proven to positively influence outcomes. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate microorganism results and antimicrobial sensitivities of neonatal foals with a positive blood culture submitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) during 2005-2022.

Interrupted versus uninterrupted anticoagulation for cardiac rhythm management device insertion.

Background: Guideline-recommended strategies to interrupt chronic anticoagulation with warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) during the perioperative period of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) surgery differ worldwide. There is uncertainty concerning the benefits and harms of interrupted and uninterrupted anticoagulation in patients undergoing CIED surgery.

Objectives: To assess the benefits and harms of interrupted anticoagulation (IAC) with either warfarin or DOAC in the perioperative period of CIED surgery versus uninterrupted anticoagulation (UAC), with or without heparin bridging, during an equivalent time frame, for CIED surgery.

Efficacy and Safety of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Distal Medium Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Ischemic Stroke Patients on Low-Dose Aspirin.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) presents unique treatment challenges. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is emerging as a viable option for these patients, yet the role of pre-stroke aspirin treatment is unclear. This study evaluates the impact of pre-stroke low-dose aspirin on outcomes in DMVO patients undergoing MT.

Role of single peroneal versus single non-peroneal tibial angioplasty in limb salvage.

Background: The peroneal artery is known to give branches to the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. Scattered reports in the literature over the last decade failed to provide solid evidence as to the optimum strategy for below-knee targeted revascularization in limited-option patients with critical limb-treating ischemia (CLTI). We sought to determine the benefit of performing single peroneal tibial artery angioplasty revascularization compared with single non-peroneal angiosome-targeted tibial artery angioplasty revascularization for patients presented with CLTI.

Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis in outpatients: a propensity score-matched comparison with a historical inpatient population.

Background: Despite the guidelines' appeal to treat patients with deep vein thrombosis and low-risk pulmonary embolism in outpatient settings, the real-world evidence shows a high prevalence of inpatient therapy leading to unwarranted health resource utilization. The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in outpatient settings compared to inpatient treatment.

Methods: A propensity score-matched comparison with a historical inpatient population was performed based on a retrospective analysis of patients with deep vein thrombosis and without pulmonary embolism treated as outpatients with oral rivaroxaban.