Black:white inequities in infant mortality across the 69 most populous US cities, 2018-2021.

The United States has poor birth outcomes, including high rates of infant mortality and substantial racial inequities, compared to other developed nations. However, both overall mortality rates and racial inequities in rates vary across locations, emphasizing the structural forces that shape population health. We used mortality and natality data from the National Vital Statistics System to assess racial inequities in infant mortality rates within the most populous US cities for 2018-2021.

Sleep quality and duration and frailty in older adults: a systematic review.

Introduction: Sleep problems and frailty are associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults, including mortality, and constitute a major public health challenge.

Objective: This study investigated the association between sleep quality and duration and frailty in older adults, with emphasis on methods of evaluation.

Methods: This systematic review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA).

Global, regional and national burden of decubitus ulcers in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Decubitus ulcers, also known as pressure ulcers, pose a significant public health challenge due to their substantial impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures.

Methods: The number and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of prevalence, death, disability adjusted life-year (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD) at the global, regional, and national levels were acquired from the GBD 2021 database. Trends were evaluated based on the estimated average percentage change (EAPC) of ASRs.

Premature mortality patterns among American Indians in North Dakota, 2010-2019 (pre-pandemic).

Background: According to the National Center for Health Data, in 2017 American Indians in North Dakota experience the highest age-adjusted mortality rate in the United States. Data shows that the age-adjusted death rate for all North Dakotans has steadily declined since 1979. However, mortality remains high among American Indians in North Dakota.

Lactate Dehydrogenase Indicates Development From Fulminant Myocarditis to Chronic Persistent Myocarditis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study in China.

Background: Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a critical manifestation of myocarditis. However, the clinical features and risk factors associated with its adverse outcomes are not fully understood. Given the high mortality and potential for long-term complications, it is crucial to identify factors that could predict the progression of FM to chronic persistent myocarditis.

A novel method for identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection mutants via an epitope-specific CD8 T cell test.

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in 2019, the public health system has faced enormous challenges. Tracking the individuals who test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a key step for interrupting chains of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and reducing COVID-19-associated mortality. With the increasing of asymptomatic infections, it is difficult to track asymptomatic infections through epidemiological surveys and virus whole-genome sequencing.

Advances in technology for the laboratory diagnosis of individuals with HIV/AIDS coinfected with .

The high morbidity and mortality rate of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) coinfected with (MTB) is a tough challenge for current global tuberculosis prevention and control efforts. HIV/MTB coinfection is more complex than a single infection, and the interaction between the two diseases aggravates the deterioration caused by the disease, resulting in increased hospitalizations and deaths. Rapid screening and early diagnosis facilitate the timely initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV/MTB coinfected individuals, thereby reducing transmission and the incidence of adverse prognoses.

Tooth loss trajectories and their association with all-cause mortality among older Chinese adults.

Background: The association between tooth loss trajectories and all-cause mortality has not been sufficiently explored. This study aims to examine the relationship between tooth loss trajectories and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults aged 65 years and older.

Methods: This study included 3,726 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS).

15-Year trends, predictors, and outcomes of heart failure hospitalization complicating first acute myocardial infarction in the modern percutaneous coronary intervention era.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a global health concern, but data on risk factors associated with HF hospitalization post-AMI are limited.

Methods And Results: We analysed data from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, including patients admitted with AMI from 1 January 2006 to 31 March 2019. Data linkage with Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and the Office for National Statistics facilitated a longitudinal analysis.

Advancing Nanomedicine Through Electron Microscopy: Insights Into Nanoparticle Cellular Interactions and Biomedical Applications.

Nanomedicine has revolutionized cancer treatment by the development of nanoparticles (NPs) that offer targeted therapeutic delivery and reduced side effects. NPs research in nanomedicine significantly focuses on understanding their cellular interactions and intracellular mechanisms. A precise understanding of nanoparticle interactions at the subcellular level is crucial for their effective application in cancer therapy.

Clinical Effects of Distal Phalanges and Nail Bed Fusion in Type III Thumb Duplication.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of bone fusion distal to the phalangeal epiphyseal plate in treating asymmetrical type III thumb polydactyly, focusing on growth and scar healing.

Methods: In patients with asymmetrical type III thumb syndactyly, the proximal phalanx of the accessory finger, distal epiphyseal plate, and some soft tissue were excised to create a pedicled tissue flap. This flap, containing part of the nail and bone distal to the epiphyseal plate, was subsequently attached to the distal segment of the main finger.

Lower Lip Reconstruction With the New Ascending Mental Artery Perforator Flap.

Full-thickness defects of the lower lip pose a considerable challenge for reconstructive surgeons. The primary objective should be the restoration of oral sphincter competence, achieving both functionally and aesthetically favorable outcomes. For defects involving more than one-third of the lower lip, multiple locoregional flaps have been described as the optimal solution due to their color and texture match.

Prevalence of Postpartum Anemia and Associated Risk Factors in Najran Hospitals, Saudi Arabia; A Retrospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Postpartum anemia (PPA) occurs when hemoglobin (Hb) levels drop below 11 g/dl within 42 days after childbirth. This growing public health issue is a leading cause of complications that can affect maternal health and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. However, evidence about its prevalence and associated risk factors is still unclear.

Evaluating Risk in Kidney Living Donors.

Kidney donation is a safe procedure for carefully screened donors. The growing shortage of organs and improved survival rates among recipients of living donor transplants have broadened the criteria for acceptable living donors, including older individuals and those with pre-existing health conditions. Consequently, ensuring both the short- and long-term safety of living donors is of paramount importance.

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation-Induced Esophageal Perforation.

Esophageal thermal injury from atrial fibrillation ablation is not uncommon; however, full-thickness perforation is rare. Such injuries are often treated with surgical revision, stent placement, or medical management. Endoscopic vacuum therapy is a novel and emerging technique to repair transmural gastrointestinal defects; however, its use in the management of esophageal thermal ulceration and perforation after a cardiac ablation procedure is limited.

An Investigation of the Pediatric Rigid Bronchoscopy Complication with Three Different Anesthesia Regimes.

Background: Foreign body aspiration is common in children and poses a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Rigid bronchoscopy is the most common method for removing aspirated foreign bodies.

Objectives: Anesthesiologists play a critical role in managing these procedures, aiming to find the best strategies with the fewest complications.

A giant and rapid myocardial remodeling due to fatal giant cell myocarditis: a case report.

Giant cell myocarditis is a rare and rapidly progressive disease with a high mortality rate. We present the case of a 21-year-old male without a medical history who presented with a giant left ventricle (9.9 cm, EF:10%) and in a severe clinical state.

Burden, risk factors, and projections of ischemic heart disease in China (1990-2021): findings from the 2021 GBD study.

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major public health challenge in China. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the burden of IHD, its risk factors, and future trends from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease database.

Methods: We assessed IHD trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) stratified by age (greater than 15 years) and gender.

Outcome of Conservative Treatment of Odontoid Fractures in Elderly Patients Over 80 Years Old.

Introduction: The retrospective study evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of conservative treatment for type II odontoid C2 fractures in octogenerians. The study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes and quality of survival of patients treated using conservative methods. Additionally, the study sought to define radiological outcomes, fracture healing success and the development of complications in correlation with clinical outcomes.

Impact of physical activity on all-cause mortality in individuals with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Background: Little information is available regarding whether active physical activity lowers mortality risk in individuals with bronchiectasis.

Methods: We used the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from 2010 to 2016 to evaluate the association between changes in physical activity and mortality risk in individuals with bronchiectasis. Of 552,510 individuals with newly diagnosed bronchiectasis, we enrolled 165,842 individuals who had two consecutive health examinations before and after bronchiectasis diagnosis, within two years, as the study aimed to measure changes in exercise habits between the two time points.

Frailty, malnutrition, healthcare utilization, and mortality in patients with dementia and cognitive impairment obtained from hospital administrative data.

Introduction: With aging populations, the prevalence of dementia, frailty and malnutrition will increase. The aim of this study is twofold (a) to determine the demographic data, including frailty and malnutrition prevalence in older patients with diagnosis of dementia and/or cognitive impairment and (b) to determine its impact on outcomes such as length of stay (LOS), readmission and mortality stratified by frailty status.

Methods: Retrospective single-center cohort study conducted using hospital database on older patients ≥65 yrs.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) in USA: Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) vs Standard of Care (SoC).

Purpose: Chronic skin ulcers in diabetic foot patients are a significant health concern. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) significantly threaten the health and longevity of individuals with diabetes, leading to severe complications like infection and amputation and contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates. Given the severe implications, practical strategies to prevent and manage DFUs are crucial to reducing amputation rates.

Beta-blocker administration within 24 hours after admission to the intensive care unit and mortality in critical heart failure patients: a retrospective analysis from the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: It remains poorly understood whether early use of beta-blockers could provide a survival advantage in patients with critical heart failure (HF) .

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using the American Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. Study participants were critical HF patients who were divided into two groups: within 24-hour use of beta-blockers group and no use of beta-blockers group.

Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction to Lamotrigine: A Case of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in a Psychiatric Patient.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening mucocutaneous reaction often triggered by medications. Antiepileptic drugs, particularly lamotrigine, are recognized as significant causative agents. Early identification and management are crucial to improve patient outcomes.

Enhancing Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis in India: Overcoming Challenges and Leveraging Emerging Technologies.

This review addresses the significant challenges and technological developments in cancer screening and early diagnosis in the context of India's diverse and resource-constrained healthcare landscape. Selected cancers like breast, cervical, oral, lung, and colorectal cancers are focused on, and established screening methods such as clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), HPV DNA testing, and oral visual inspection (OVI) are reviewed. These are cost-effective strategies that are proven to reduce mortality.