Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury.

Objectives: Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.

Utilization of cardiopulmonary bypass at radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with tumour thrombus.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate preoperative factors associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) utilization and outcomes for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and tumour thrombus (TT). Radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy is a standard treatment for patients with RCC and associated TT. Morbidity and mortality rates tend to correlate with aggressiveness of tumour and TT level.

Impact of different pathogen classes on the serum -glycome in septic shock.

The morbidity and mortality of sepsis remain high. Clinicians lack effective markers to rapidly diagnose sepsis and identify the underlying pathogen infection particularly for patients with candidaemia or cases of culture-negative sepsis where culture-based diagnostics are inadequate. In our search for new lines of potential sepsis biomarkers, we here explore the impact of various classes of infectious agents on the serum -glycome in a septic shock cohort.

Berberine alleviates enterotoxigenic -induced intestinal mucosal barrier function damage in a piglet model by modulation of the intestinal microbiome.

Introduction: Enterotoxic (ETEC) is the main pathogen that causes diarrhea, especially in young children. This disease can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality and is a major global health concern. Managing ETEC infections is challenging owing to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance.

Risk assessment and prevention of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism in ambulatory patients with solid malignancies.

Venous thromboembolism remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among ambulatory cancer patients, necessitating effective risk assessment and prevention strategies. Despite the availability of risk assessment models and guidelines recommending primary thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparins or direct oral anticoagulants, the application of these strategies is inconsistent. This review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art venous thromboembolism risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with cancer, focusing on existing risk assessment models and the latest guideline recommendations.

Sociodemographic and Economic Correlates of Dialysis Vintage in a Resource Challenged Setting: A Four-Year Prospective Study in Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Dialysis vintage is largely dependent on the effectiveness of the delivered dose coupled with the extent of patient compliance with the prescribed treatment regimen. This study assessed the determinants and correlates of dialysis vintage. : This was a 4-year prospective, observational study.

Prevalence and perception of disrespect and abuse during childbirth in public healthcare facilities in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: There is increasing awareness of disrespect and abuse (DAA) during childbirth. Globally, DAA during delivery is a common cause of suffering and violation of the human rights of birthing mothers. Respectful maternal care is necessary to improve the quality of care and uptake of institutional delivery services to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Comparison of Papanicolaou Smear Tests Among HIV Negative and HIV Positive Pregnant Women on HAART at a Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide, causing morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. It develops from premalignant lesions of the cervix. Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of dysplastic changes in the cervix.

Challenges in Diagnosing Advanced Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy in Low-Resource Settings: A Case from North Western Nigeria.

Abdominal ectopic pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy associated with high maternal and perinatal mortality. We present a case of a 28-year-old now primipara who was misdiagnosed to have abruptio placentae and ruptured uterus on two different occasions from a primary health care center but was found to have an advanced abdominal ectopic gestation at 21 weeks gestational age. The patient was managed by exploratory laparotomy and is currently doing well.

Patient-Related and Health System Factors, and Experiences of Women with a History of Stillbirth in Port-Harcourt.

Background: Nigeria makes a substantial contribution to the global burden of stillbirths. However, data on women's experiences and care received at the time of stillbirth are limited. This study aimed to investigate the experiences and patient-related and health system factors in women who had a stillbirth in a previous pregnancy in the past 15 years.

Probable Case of Cutaneous Anthrax with Toxic Manifestations and Fatality seen in an adolescent in Sokoto, Nigeria: A postmortem review.

Background: Anthrax is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium . It manifests as a cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disease. The cutaneous form ranges from a self-limiting lesion to severe edematous lesions with toxemic shock.

Validation of Siriraj Stroke Scoring System in the Clinical Differentiation of Stroke Sub-types in a resource-limited Setting.

Background: Stroke remains one of the major non-communicable public health disease conditions with resultant high morbidity and mortality. Neuroimaging in the form of Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is adjudged to be the most reliable and efficient method of accurately diagnosing stroke and ruling out differentials. However, in view of cost implication and non-availability, a clinical scoring system known as the Siriraj Stroke Score (SSS) was developed to clinically differentiate stroke types, especially in resource-limited settings.

Geospatial Distribution, Accessibility and Utilization of Basic Emergency Obstetric and New-born Care in Jigawa State, Northwest Nigeria.

Background: High maternal mortality has remained a problem, especially in developing countries. Ensuring availability and utilization of Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care services (BEmONC) reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to determine the geospatial distribution, accessibility and utilization of BEmONC services in Jigawa State.

Electroencephalogram biomarkers as predictors of mortality and functional recovery in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: Protocol study.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health condition that causes cognitive and behavioral deficits. This protocol assesses the potential of quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) biomarkers, associated with inflammatory indicators, to predict mortality and functional recovery in patients with severe TBI. Through continuous monitoring and analysis of abnormal brain activity patterns, the protocol aims to personalize therapeutic interventions and improve patient quality of life.

Ocular surface disease related to tisotumab vedotin-tftv.

Introduction: To report a series of patients who developed ocular surface disease related to tisotumab vedotin-tftv (TV), an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) approved for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective chart review study of patients who developed ocular surface disease related to TV between April 1st, 2022 to August 31st, 2023.

Results: Five patients were identified who developed ocular surface disease while on TV.

The graded heat-health risk forecast and early warning with full-season coverage across China: a predicting model development and evaluation study.

Background: Due to global climate change, high temperature and heatwaves have become critical issues that pose a threat to human health. An effective early warning system is essential to mitigate the health risks associated with high temperature and heatwaves. However, most of the current heatwave early warning systems are not adequately developed based on the heat-health risk model, and the health impact of hot weather has not been well managed in most countries.

Mating system of a vector of .

snails are intermediate hosts for schistosome parasites, which cause morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. We aimed to determine the mating system of , a hermaphroditic vector of schistosomiasis in the African Great Lakes, with the goal of informing the design of genetic studies such as linkage mapping to improve genome assembly and genetic association studies to identify snail resistance genes. To determine the relative rates of outcrossing selfing, we assayed the progeny of experimental crosses of snails in the laboratory using a PCR and restriction enzyme digest to determine snail genotype and parentage.

Sepsis in Northern Tanzania: A Prospective Observational Study of Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes for Adolescents and Adults With Sepsis.

Background: Despite a high burden of sepsis in Sub-Saharan Africa, clinical data for adolescent and adult sepsis in this setting are limited. We sought to describe clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in adolescents and adults with sepsis in northern Tanzania. We also assessed for clinical associations with in-hospital mortality.

Optimal timing for lithium levels.

Reddy and Reddy (2014) discuss the optimal timing for lithium levels in patients taking once-daily extended-release lithium formulations. They argue for blood sampling 24 h after the previous dose rather than the standard 12 h. I interpret the data quite differently.

Risk of all-cause mortality by various cigarette smoking indices: A longitudinal study using the Korea National Health Examination Baseline Cohort in South Korea.

Introduction: Smoking behaviors can be quantified using various indices. Previous studies have shown that these indices measure and predict health risks differently. Additionally, the choice of measure differs depending on the health outcome of interest.

Five-Year Prospective Follow-Up of Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection Treated with Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents.

Purpose: The research intended to present prospective data on the long-term prognosis of individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who received direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA) treatment.

Patients And Methods: Patients who received DAA treatment at Tianjin Third Central Hospital and Tianjin Second People's Hospital were prospectively enrolled and subsequently underwent a longitudinal follow-up. This research monitored occurrences of virological relapse, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mortality, and liver disease progression.

The characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer with different MSI status and current therapeutic strategies.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the effectiveness of these conventional treatments is limited, particularly in advanced cases. Therefore, transition to novel treatment is urgently needed.

From pain to meningitis: bacteria hijack nociceptors to promote meningitis.

Bacterial meningitis is a severe and life-threatening infection of the central nervous system (CNS), primarily caused by and . This condition carries a high risk of mortality and severe neurological sequelae, such as cognitive impairment and epilepsy. Pain, a central feature of meningitis, results from the activation of nociceptor sensory neurons by inflammatory mediators or bacterial toxins.

Transcriptional signature of CD56 NK cells predicts favourable prognosis in bladder cancer.

Human natural killer (NK) cells can be sub-divided into two functional subsets but the clinical significance of these CD56 and CD56 NK cells in anti-tumour immunity remains largely unexplored. We determined the relative abundances of gene signatures for CD56 and CD56 NK cells along with 3 stromal and 18 other immune cell types in the patient tumour transcriptomes from the cancer genome atlas bladder cancer dataset (TCGA-BLCA). Using this computational approach, CD56 NK cells were predicted to be the more abundant tumour-infiltrating NK subset which was also associated with improved patient prognosis.