Differences in association between hypoalbuminaemia and mortality among younger versus older patients on haemodialysis.

Background: Ageing often affects biomarker production. Yet, clinical/optimal thresholds to guide clinical decisions do not consider this. Serum albumin decreases with age, but hypoalbuminaemia is defined as serum albumin <4.

The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 Inhibitor E966-0530-45418 Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis and .

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a high-mortality lung disease with limited treatment options, highlighting the need for new therapies. Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a promising target due to its role in regulating transcription via the TGF-β/Smad pathway, though CDK8 inhibitors have not been thoroughly studied for PF. This study aims to evaluate the potential of E966-0530-45418, a novel CDK8 inhibitor, in mitigating PF progression and explores its underlying mechanisms.

USP25 stabilizes STAT6 to promote IL-4-induced macrophage M2 polarization and fibrosis.

As a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, fibrosis is the common pathway of various chronic inflammatory diseases in organs and causes death in a large number of patients. It can destroy the structure and function of organs and ultimately lead to organ failure, which is a major cause of disability and death in many diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of organ fibrosis is not well clear and the lack of effective drugs and treatments, which seriously endangers human health and safety.

Advancements in prognostic factors and survival outcomes following pulmonary metastasectomy for head and neck cancers.

Surgical treatment of lung metastases originating from head and neck tumors has shown favorable outcomes with low incidence of complications and mortality. This study aims to investigate survival and prognostic factors following pulmonary metastasectomy for head and neck cancers. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted through the Medline database, focusing on English-language studies related to surgical treatment of lung metastases from head and neck cancers.

Cholesterol concentration is associated with neither prognosis nor bacterial infection type in septic dogs.

Objective: The objective was to assess whether cholesterol concentration at admission was associated with outcome and disease severity in dogs with sepsis, and to determine whether there was a significant difference in cholesterol between dogs with gram-positive gram-negative sepsis.

Animals And Procedure: Electronic medical records of dogs diagnosed with sepsis at a tertiary teaching hospital from 2012 to 2022 were evaluated. A total of 299 dogs were included.

Hepatic infection in a dog with cavitary lung disease.

A 9-year-old neutered male cairn terrier dog was initially presented because of inappetence, increased respiratory effort, and occasional coughing. A cavitary lung mass was diagnosed using CT and removed with lung lobectomy. Histopathology of the mass revealed necrosuppurative inflammation with acid-fast rod bacteria in macrophages, with spp.

Clinical Effectiveness of Biomaterials in Indirect Pulp Therapy Treatment of Young Permanent Molars with Deep Carious Lesions: A Case-Control Study.

Aim: The present case-control study was planned to assess the comparative efficacy of resin-modified calcium silicate, resin-modified glass ionomer, and Dycal as pulp capping agents in indirect pulp therapy for deeply carious young permanent molars.

Materials And Methods: Thirty deeply carious young posterior teeth were treated by indirect pulp therapy. During the treatment, the cavity floor was lined with TheraCal or resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in the study group and with Dycal (control group) followed by GC IX and composite restoration.

Cost Effectiveness Analysis Rivaroxaban Plus Aspirin versus Aspirin alone in Treatment Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the chronic diseases and the leading cause of death worldwide. More people die from CVDs worldwide than from any other cause each year. The effects of CVDs are not limited to mortality and morbidity but also have important health and economic outcomes.

Features of Physical and Psychomotor Development in Children with Brain Ischemia.

Background: Brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in infants. Currently, many factors influence the degree of development of ischemia and the consequences affecting the child's body. The purpose of this study was to find the characteristics of the physical and psychomotor development of children with brain ischemia.

Cost-effectiveness of Telemedicine Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review.

Background: One of the most important causes of mortality in the world is acute myocardial infarction. There are two general treatments including thrombolytic drugs and percutaneous coronary interventions. But, monitoring outpatient AMI treatment from a remote or rural location has emerged as a successful telemedicine technique.

The Association of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Other Complete Blood Count Parameters with Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Risk Score in Patients with Non-ST Segment Elevation - Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Single-Center Study.

Background: The involvement of inflammation in the start and advancement of atherosclerotic plaques in acute coronary syndrome has been clarified. White blood cell count and its differential are key inflammatory markers in cardiovascular disease, with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) emerging as a marker of inflammation and a predictor of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The study aims to investigate the utility of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and other complete blood count parameters as a risk stratification tool and independent predictor of Global Registry for Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score in Non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).

Mortality predictors in acute myocardial infarction: results from a single-center study in Saudi Arabia.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Risk factors of mortality in patients with AMI have been widely investigated, identifying older age and heart failure as common contributors. This study aimed to determine risk factors and explore predictors associated with higher mortality among patients with AMI.

Impact of statin use on COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cohort study.

There is an increasing requirement for new therapeutic approaches to address lung inflammation caused by COVID-19. Recent evidence suggests that statins may reduce mortality in patients with respiratory infections. This study aimed to investigate the impact of statin use on COVID-19 outcomes among hospitalized patients at Ohud Hospital and King Salman Medical City (KSMC) in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Reducing antibiotic duration for acute otitis media: clinician, administrator, and parental insights to inform implementation of system-level interventions.

Objective: This qualitative study aimed to understand facilitators and barriers to implementation of interventions to improve guideline-concordant antibiotic duration prescribing for pediatric acute otitis media (AOM).

Design: Clinicians and clinic administrators participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews, and parents of children 2 years of age or older with a recent diagnosis of AOM participated in focus groups. The Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) guided the study.

Small Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Partial Malrotation of the Gut: A Case Report.

This case report presents a unique clinical presentation of small bowel obstruction secondary to congenital partial malrotation of the gut in adults. Partial malrotation may have variable clinical presentations and this case highlights a constellation of patient history, radiographic signs, and operative findings leading to appropriate diagnosis and successful surgical management. A 56-year-old female patient presented with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and anorexia.

Teratogenicity, cardiac toxicity, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity in zebrafish embryo-larvae exposed to 4-bromodiphenyl ether.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been classified as a new class of persistent organic pollutants by the United Nations Environment Programs in 2009. In environment, PBDEs can undergo the degradation process to form less brominated diphenyl ethers. In the present study, the 96 h LC value for 4-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-3) was found to be 3.

Bibliometric Analysis of the Composition of Landmark Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Research.

Background: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a relatively rare type of stroke, accounting for less than 3% of all stroke cases, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in young females. However, when promptly diagnosed and treated, it can have favorable outcomes. Several knowledge gaps remain regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of CVST, so critical assessment of past and present research could help close these gaps or establish targeted future research goals.

Inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer growth via delphinidin-mediated suppression of the JAK2/STAT3/PD-L1 pathway.

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being particularly aggressive. Delphinidin (Dp), an anthocyanin monomer, has shown promising health benefits.

Objective: This study investigates the effects of Dp on TNBC and aims to elucidate its specific mechanisms of action.

Fetal Tetra-Amelia Birth: A Case Report.

Fetal limb anomaly presentation varies greatly. It can present as amelia (complete absence of skeletal part of one or more limb), meromelia (partial absence of skeletal part of one or more limb), phocomelia (only rudimentary limb formed), and minor limb disorders like polydactyly. The complete absence of the four fetal limbs is extremely rare.

Platelet-to-White Blood Cell Ratio (PWR): A Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Spontaneous Reperfusion after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: Spontaneous reperfusion (SR) occurring before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) can offer additional clinical benefits to patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The Platelet-to-White Blood Cell Ratio (PWR) has been recognized as a prognostic indicator in various diseases. We aimed to explore the relationship between PWR and SR in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI.

Assessment of Coronary Collaterals Among Patients With ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and its Impact on In-hospital and 30-day Mortality: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the distribution of coronary collaterals (CC) as per the Rentrop Collateral Score (RCS) among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and its impact on in-hospital and 30-day mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: In this study, a selected sample of consecutive STEMI patients was assessed for the development of CC as per the RCS classification. An RCS grade of 2 or 3 was taken as the presence of CC with either partial or complete filling of the infarct-related artery (IRA).

Conservative management of emphysematous esophagitis-a case report.

Background: Emphysematous esophagitis is a very rare disease and there are only a few previous reports in the literature. Previously reported cases have resulted in emphysematous esophagitis following anterior cervical procedures or ingestion of hydrogen peroxide (HP). In this report, we describe a case in which a patient with emphysematous esophagitis accompanied by gastritis without the above predisposing factors was treated with conservative treatment.

Benign disorders of the mediastinum: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: There are several benign processes that affect the mediastinum with considerable morbidity that may range from reactive entities to neoplastic disorders. This review article will focus on non-neoplastic benign mediastinal diseases which include large vessel vasculitis such as Takayasu and giant cell arteritis, mediastinal granulomas, fibrosing mediastinitis and mediastinal infections. These diseases can cause significant morbidity and mortality; therefore, we aim to familiarize readers with the pathophysiology, epidemiology and diagnosis of these mediastinal diseases and provide an update on the treatment options available.

Surgical management of thymic tumors: a narrative review with focus on robotic-assisted surgery.

Background And Objective: Thymic epithelial tumors, including thymomas and thymic carcinomas, represent the most common mediastinal tumors and account for up to 50% of all anterior mediastinal tumors. For early stages of these thymic tumors, complete resection of the entire thymus is the recommended treatment. The transition from open surgery to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and recently to robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) has fundamentally altered the treatment of thymic tumors.

Transesophageal endosonography in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Transesophageal endosonography, including endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA), has been applied to the diagnosis of benign as well as malignant diseases. This narrative review summarizes the recent use of EUS-(B)-FNA in diagnosing sarcoidosis.

Methods: A comprehensive and systematic online literature search of PubMed was conducted using the keywords ("sarcoidosis"), and ("EUS" OR "EUS-FNA" OR "EUS-B" OR "EUS-B-FNA" OR "endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration" OR "endoscopic ultrasound using the EBUS scope guided fine needle aspiration" OR "endoscopic ultrasound using the EBUS bronchoscope" OR "transesophageal" OR "transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration" OR "transesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration").